View allAll Photos Tagged Richard M Saunders
For the 5 kilometre race results and photos...here are the local (Ottawa & area) participants -- sorted by cities and first name -- in the September 19, 2010, Canada Army Run held in Ottawa, Ontario.
Click here and enter the bib numbers for the full individual race results. Race photos here. (6,760 runners in the 5 km race)
Thank-you to Sportstats.
Part A. Ottawa (Click here.)
Part B. Other Communities (Alexandria to Navan) (Click here.)
Part C. Other Communities (Nepean to Woodlawn) (see below)
Part C:
10733…Adele Pontone….. Nepean
11845…Al Ruppel….. Nepean
9843…Alana Henry-Fontelio….. Nepean
11513…Alex E. Smith….. Nepean
7265…Alexander Maxwell….. Nepean
14160…Alexandra Reimer….. Nepean
10495…Alison Gotceitas….. Nepean
7963…Alison Vrckovnik….. Nepean
8610…Amy Yee….. Nepean
10100…Andrea Cook….. Nepean
8784…Andrea Copperthwaite….. Nepean
12268…Andrew Ma….. Nepean
10002…Andrew Makus….. Nepean
12672…Anezka Zlamal….. Nepean
7881…Angie Rucchetto….. Nepean
8379…Anna Passmore….. Nepean
9255…Anne Senior….. Nepean
8431…Anya Rampal….. Nepean
14195…April Van Den Beek….. Nepean
11251…Athena Williams….. Nepean
11252…Aurora Williams….. Nepean
12931…Becky Bodnar….. Nepean
11429…Ben Cook….. Nepean
7260…Benjamin Cheng….. Nepean
12058…Bihac Mazigh….. Nepean
7023…Bob Cordukes….. Nepean
8474…Bonnie Badour….. Nepean
9476…Bonnie Gregoire….. Nepean
3991…Brent Eyre….. Nepean
12133…Brian Green….. Nepean
10848…Bronwynn Guymer….. Nepean
8660…Cathie Adeney….. Nepean
8666…Cathy Anderson….. Nepean
9909…Cecily Pantin….. Nepean
12293…Chris Brace….. Nepean
13076…Chris Cull….. Nepean
13081…Chris Daley….. Nepean
13148…Cindy Elmy….. Nepean
7972…Cindy Wendler….. Nepean
10685…Clare Beckton….. Nepean
7906…Claudio Sicoli….. Nepean
11092…Colby Wilson….. Nepean
8741…Colleen Burns….. Nepean
11446…Corinne Finlayson….. Nepean
12094…Craig Heath….. Nepean
10420…Cynthia Field -Rose….. Nepean
12722…Cynthia Sleigh-O'rourke….. Nepean
7756…D.R. Macgregor….. Nepean
11166…Daniel Cormier….. Nepean
12147…Danielle Miner….. Nepean
7262…Daphne Snelgrove….. Nepean
8042…Dave Regimbald….. Nepean
13053…David Contini….. Nepean
10170…David Daze….. Nepean
10656…Debbie Mclellan-Lepine….. Nepean
11133…Deborah Park….. Nepean
12588…Dorothy Gordon….. Nepean
10934…Drew Robertson….. Nepean
8481…Edward Drummond….. Nepean
12174…Eileen Melnick Mccarthy….. Nepean
10768…Elaine Yee….. Nepean
13368…Elana Lamesse….. Nepean
11689…Emily Devitt….. Nepean
7351…Emma Victoria Smith….. Nepean
14477…Eric Mullen….. Nepean
13827…Eric Traclet….. Nepean
9164…Erika Penno….. Nepean
9607…Erin Brennan….. Nepean
14157…Erin Purdy….. Nepean
9844…Ermin Fontelio….. Nepean
14223…Eugenio Rino….. Nepean
9486…Fannie Simard-Castonguay….. Nepean
8381…Franca Mirella….. Nepean
10328…Francine Lapointe….. Nepean
8685…Gallisedo Bae….. Nepean
7264…Gary Maxwell….. Nepean
10793…Gerry Blathwayt….. Nepean
1502…Glenn Kavanagh….. Nepean
10171…Gracie Daze….. Nepean
13529…Hana Moidu….. Nepean
9840…Heather Sutcliffe….. Nepean
9334…Heather Webb….. Nepean
12235…Hilary Allen….. Nepean
11787…Holly Karout….. Nepean
10028…Howard Godby….. Nepean
12126…Irene Yaraskavitch….. Nepean
9898…J.P. Trottier….. Nepean
9487…Jade Simard-Castonguay….. Nepean
13530…Jaleel Moidu….. Nepean
11450…James Boutin….. Nepean
12439…James Passmore….. Nepean
7170…James R. Edge….. Nepean
13061…Jan Coulis….. Nepean
11822…Janet Myers….. Nepean
10847…Jason Green….. Nepean
8032…Jean Marie Manson….. Nepean
8480…Jeff Drummond….. Nepean
12518…Jeff Harvey….. Nepean
13858…Jen Walsh….. Nepean
12391…Jennifer Bordeleau….. Nepean
8941…Jennifer Hopkinson….. Nepean
11405…Jennifer Maroun….. Nepean
9155…Jennifer Passmore….. Nepean
13883…Jennifer Williams….. Nepean
7630…Jessica Gage….. Nepean
14494…Jill Castiglione….. Nepean
11806…Jill Marchand….. Nepean
11018…Jo Ann Uline….. Nepean
8815…Joanne Denomme….. Nepean
14030…Joanne Doucet….. Nepean
8482…Jocelyn Drummond….. Nepean
11410…Joe Harvey….. Nepean
9404…Johanne Harris….. Nepean
14548…John Smith….. Nepean
12893…Jordan Beauvais….. Nepean
7519…Josh Brennan….. Nepean
11658…Judy Smith….. Nepean
7240…Julian Yang….. Nepean
12916…Julie Bennett….. Nepean
13080…Julie Dalbec….. Nepean
9081…Kaitlin Mclellan….. Nepean
1867…Karen Mullen….. Nepean
8141…Kathleen Cole….. Nepean
13051…Kathy Conlon….. Nepean
11226…Katie Squires….. Nepean
12519…Keirsten Harvey….. Nepean
7557…Keith Clark….. Nepean
7558…Kelsey Clark….. Nepean
11132…Ken Park….. Nepean
11774…Kenneth Hennessey….. Nepean
7755…Kenton Lynds….. Nepean
12626…Kevan Mackay….. Nepean
8786…Kim Corlett….. Nepean
12130…Kimberley Brigden….. Nepean
8012…Kirk Lynds….. Nepean
12040…Kirsten Miller….. Nepean
11560…Kristen Grewal….. Nepean
12754…Kristina Ellement….. Nepean
7296…Kyle Gordon….. Nepean
10767…Kyle Tennant….. Nepean
7559…Laura Clark….. Nepean
7819…Laura Nichols….. Nepean
12821…Laura Peckett….. Nepean
8374…Leisa Villeneuve….. Nepean
8802…Leslie Da Silva….. Nepean
9642…Lien Ha….. Nepean
10023…Linda Billyard….. Nepean
8986…Linda Koenders….. Nepean
11946…Linda Mckay….. Nepean
9283…Linda Swaffield….. Nepean
8162…Lisa Marie Bambrick….. Nepean
10295…Lisa Piers….. Nepean
9592…Louise Desjardins….. Nepean
13609…Lucas Perkins….. Nepean
7208…Luke Harvey….. Nepean
10106…Lydia Walker….. Nepean
9228…Lynda Rozon….. Nepean
12213…Lynn Hannah….. Nepean
13758…Lynn Smith….. Nepean
12236…Mackenzie Allen….. Nepean
8812…Mamta Deecker….. Nepean
8792…Marcy Craig….. Nepean
9854…Margaret O'brien….. Nepean
8972…Margaret-Ann Kellett….. Nepean
9803…Marianna Burch….. Nepean
14323…Marie Bulmer….. Nepean
12328…Marie Noreau….. Nepean
9350…Marie Yelle-Whitwam….. Nepean
11096…Marilyn Booth….. Nepean
14251…Marion Dare….. Nepean
8910…Mark Hache….. Nepean
10764…Martine Proulx….. Nepean
11687…Mary Devitt….. Nepean
14120…Mary-Kaye Mcgreevy….. Nepean
13819…Matthew Threader….. Nepean
7207…Megan Harvey….. Nepean
11549…Melanie Boudreau….. Nepean
14029…Melanie Dompierre….. Nepean
14261…Melanie Gibbons….. Nepean
8864…Melissa Fisher….. Nepean
7140…Michael Burch….. Nepean
7261…Michael Cheng….. Nepean
11896…Michael Teeple….. Nepean
7973…Michael Wendler….. Nepean
12958…Michelle Bray….. Nepean
11416…Mike Trottier….. Nepean
11911…Mimi Hadi-Kho….. Nepean
10062…Mina Rampal….. Nepean
8740…Miriam Burke….. Nepean
10935…Mishele Robertson….. Nepean
6509…Momodou Loum….. Nepean
7014…Monique Cordukes….. Nepean
13559…Natalie Sharp….. Nepean
12773…Natasha Yee….. Nepean
7947…Nathan Toft….. Nepean
7689…Ning Huang….. Nepean
8901…Paige Graham….. Nepean
11076…Parto Navidi….. Nepean
7356…Patrick Nicholas Smith….. Nepean
10151…Patrick Walsh….. Nepean
13197…Paul Gauthier….. Nepean
7292…Paul Romano….. Nepean
7038…Paula Noyes….. Nepean
9655…Peggy Bradford….. Nepean
13790…Pierre St-Pierre….. Nepean
10448…Ralph Mahar….. Nepean
10154…Ram Bickram….. Nepean
10496…Ray Gotceitas….. Nepean
14317…Raymond Tsang….. Nepean
10183…Reid Zandbelt….. Nepean
12078…Rena Itan….. Nepean
12892…Rhonda Beauregard….. Nepean
13085…Richard Dare….. Nepean
7578…Richard Dault….. Nepean
13198…Rob Gauthier….. Nepean
9402…Rob Harris….. Nepean
7729…Robert Langlois….. Nepean
14516…Robert Lee….. Nepean
294…Roberto Palmero….. Nepean
9122…Rod Myers….. Nepean
7908…Roger Skidmore….. Nepean
7928…Rowan Stringer….. Nepean
12381…Roy Thomas….. Nepean
12842…Sabeena Abdulmajeed….. Nepean
10105…Sadie Walker….. Nepean
13809…Sajan Thankachan….. Nepean
10099…Sam Cook….. Nepean
11541…Samara Peters….. Nepean
7022…Samer Forzley….. Nepean
8708…Sandra Binkley….. Nepean
11393…Sandy Andrews….. Nepean
10755…Sarah Gardam….. Nepean
7206…Sarah Harvey….. Nepean
9077…Sarah Mcisaac….. Nepean
9856…Scott Kennedy….. Nepean
10104…Scott Walker….. Nepean
9604…Shane Brennan….. Nepean
13369…Shane Lamesse….. Nepean
12438…Shannon Passmore….. Nepean
10598…Sharon Leonard….. Nepean
8974…Shawna Kelly….. Nepean
13810…Sheryl Theal….. Nepean
7414…Simon Kou….. Nepean
13901…Simon Xie….. Nepean
14324…Siobhan Bulmer….. Nepean
11358…Sokoeun Sreng….. Nepean
11333…Sonya Driscoll….. Nepean
11835…Sophia Ramirez-Hennessey….. Nepean
11374…Stefanie Burch….. Nepean
14567…Stephanie Dunne….. Nepean
13760…Stephen Smith….. Nepean
12526…Steve Camilucci….. Nepean
8281…Steven Leonard….. Nepean
7306…Susan Bickram….. Nepean
11723…Susan Carter….. Nepean
8139…Susan White….. Nepean
12300…Suzanne Judd….. Nepean
12565…Taemin Ha….. Nepean
12006…Tammy Delaney….. Nepean
9606…Tammy Harris….. Nepean
9358…Tanya Churchill….. Nepean
7912…Tanya Snook….. Nepean
12287…Teresa Scrivens….. Nepean
9839…Theo Tsang….. Nepean
8386…Thomas Lepine….. Nepean
10595…Thomas Williams….. Nepean
8886…Tina Garbas-Tyrrell….. Nepean
9232…Tina Ryan….. Nepean
13835…Tom Trueman….. Nepean
11430…Tony Cook….. Nepean
11091…Tracey Wilson….. Nepean
7964…Trevor Vrckovnik….. Nepean
14136…Trish Munro….. Nepean
9137…Trishia Ogilvie….. Nepean
9449…Tyler Young….. Nepean
11799…Vivianne Leguerrier….. Nepean
12772…Wayne Yee….. Nepean
9156…Wendy Patenaude….. Nepean
13820…Wendy Threader….. Nepean
9930…Yanika Gauthier….. Nepean
13767…Yupin Spatling….. Nepean
11164…Yvonne Dumont….. Nepean
13370…Zac Lamesse….. Nepean
9261…Zoe Sjolund….. Nepean
7922…Angie Stevenson….. North Gower
8503…Ashley Robinson….. North Gower
10715…Georgia Robinson….. North Gower
12567…Janet Johnston-Vineyard….. North Gower
11683…Julie Poirier….. North Gower
7291…Kim Paley….. North Gower
10827…Marie Dowden….. North Gower
7169…Mark Parry….. North Gower
12566…Mitch Vineyard….. North Gower
10878…Nicole Komendat….. North Gower
8924…Pam Harrison….. North Gower
11684…Rick Poirier….. North Gower
10932…Ronnie Richardson….. North Gower
8909…Susan Gutwin….. North Gower
13785…Tim Stevenson….. North Gower
12092…Vicki Brown….. North Gower
14326…Aaron Derouin….. Orleans
14596…Adam Menzies….. Orleans
11001…Adina Turner….. Orleans
8214…Adrian Fyfe….. Orleans
10279…Aguilar Julio….. Orleans
11131…Ainsley Howard….. Orleans
11387…Alain Beaulieu….. Orleans
11129…Alan Howard….. Orleans
9262…Alan Smith….. Orleans
10930…Alex Renwick….. Orleans
14578…Alexander Overton….. Orleans
9139…Alexis O'bryan….. Orleans
14276…Algis Danaitis….. Orleans
12913…Alison Bennett….. Orleans
11625…Allison Gordon….. Orleans
9771…Alvin Szeto….. Orleans
12743…Amanda Bower….. Orleans
12571…Amanda Daluz….. Orleans
8103…Amanda Hope….. Orleans
13763…Amanda Soule….. Orleans
7623…Amelie Flanagan….. Orleans
8537…Amy Cameron….. Orleans
7091…Andrew Cormack….. Orleans
9249…Andrew Scarlett….. Orleans
13863…Andrew Warden….. Orleans
8544…Angela Maxwell….. Orleans
9292…Anick Taverna….. Orleans
12655…Anik Corbeil….. Orleans
9293…Anita Taylor….. Orleans
13133…Annabelle Dube….. Orleans
10887…Anne Lemay….. Orleans
8534…Anneliese Myers….. Orleans
11811…Annemarie Mccormick….. Orleans
9684…Anne-Marie Ranger….. Orleans
9223…Annik Rouse….. Orleans
13624…Anthony Pickett….. Orleans
11187…Anthony Williamson….. Orleans
11639…Arthur Mckenzie….. Orleans
11637…Arthur Mckenzie….. Orleans
13964…Ashley Arbour….. Orleans
12223…Ashley Beaton….. Orleans
11709…Barbara Bourke….. Orleans
7825…Barbara Oattes….. Orleans
7285…Ben Richard….. Orleans
8632…Bennett Dave….. Orleans
7035…Benoit Cadieux….. Orleans
10854…Bernie Hasselman….. Orleans
8926…Beverley Hatt….. Orleans
7680…Beverley Holden….. Orleans
7786…Bill Meek….. Orleans
13965…Blake Arbour….. Orleans
7767…Bonita Martin….. Orleans
8148…Brenda Cavanagh….. Orleans
7644…Brenda Gosselin….. Orleans
11800…Brenda Leury….. Orleans
13569…Brian Newlove….. Orleans
9857…Brigitte Benay….. Orleans
8718…Brigitte Bourre….. Orleans
10459…Bruce Brunelle….. Orleans
14281…Camelia Touzany….. Orleans
12544…Carl Kletke….. Orleans
11742…Carla De Koning….. Orleans
11765…Carly Gordon….. Orleans
10855…Carly Hasselman….. Orleans
9247…Carmela Savoia….. Orleans
11504…Carmen Foglietta….. Orleans
8048…Carol Daigle….. Orleans
12383…Carol Huot….. Orleans
9665…Carol Moule….. Orleans
11188…Carol Williamson….. Orleans
7634…Carole Gaudes….. Orleans
9756…Caroline Tessier….. Orleans
11983…Chelsea Hughes….. Orleans
13864…Chelsea Warden….. Orleans
12719…Chris Michael….. Orleans
13570…Chris Newlove….. Orleans
11097…Christa Faehndrich….. Orleans
9554…Christina Jahraus….. Orleans
10720…Christina Walker….. Orleans
8751…Christine Casey….. Orleans
9250…Christine Scarlett….. Orleans
9196…Cindy Reid….. Orleans
13040…Clairette Clement….. Orleans
11934…Corey Bursey….. Orleans
14471…Dakota Chamberlain….. Orleans
7184…Danie Michaud….. Orleans
9926…Daniel Bradley….. Orleans
9577…Daniel Quimper….. Orleans
12560…Danielle Richardson….. Orleans
7971…Darlene Welch….. Orleans
9879…Dave Byrne….. Orleans
11894…Dave King….. Orleans
9471…David Ball….. Orleans
9680…David Gee….. Orleans
13386…David Lawrence….. Orleans
13764…David Soule….. Orleans
7982…David Young….. Orleans
8626…Deanna Masur….. Orleans
10835…Deanne Farley….. Orleans
14230…Deanne Mclintock….. Orleans
14252…Debbie Landry….. Orleans
10929…Denis Raymond….. Orleans
10317…Dennis Lloyd….. Orleans
9021…Diane Levesque….. Orleans
7573…Dominique Cusson….. Orleans
11382…Donald Darrell….. Orleans
8975…Donald Kennedy….. Orleans
12226…Doreen Murray….. Orleans
13305…Earl Jared….. Orleans
8763…Edith Chartrand….. Orleans
9509…Edith Gibeault….. Orleans
8550…Elan Graves….. Orleans
10786…Elizabeth Bachand….. Orleans
13765…Emma Soule….. Orleans
7157…Eric Bourbonnais….. Orleans
8360…Eric Christensen….. Orleans
10266…Eric Drouin….. Orleans
12091…Eric Gay….. Orleans
9567…Erica Dixon….. Orleans
7853…Erik Poapst….. Orleans
11443…Ethel Best….. Orleans
11834…Farhana Rahman….. Orleans
9049…Faye Magne….. Orleans
11000…Feyah Turner….. Orleans
12633…France Gagnon….. Orleans
13880…Frederick Whichelo….. Orleans
8213…Fyfe Will….. Orleans
12704…Gabriel Rousseau….. Orleans
14012…Gail Cote….. Orleans
10528…Garrett Fiander….. Orleans
9797…Genevieve Beliveau….. Orleans
12175…George Cormack….. Orleans
12325…Georges Rousseau….. Orleans
14000…Gerry Champagne….. Orleans
9663…Gilles Berger….. Orleans
13647…Gilles Pouliot….. Orleans
10916…Gisele Montgomery….. Orleans
13687…Gisele Rivest….. Orleans
9571…Gorden Cavanagh….. Orleans
9798…Greg Beliveau….. Orleans
13360…Greg Lacroix….. Orleans
8568…Gregory Burt….. Orleans
12061…Gregory Villeneuve….. Orleans
12869…Guy Armstrong….. Orleans
10246…Harold O'connell….. Orleans
7483…Heather Barr….. Orleans
12415…Heather Lloyd….. Orleans
9535…Heather Mcintosh….. Orleans
13766…Heather Soule….. Orleans
14470…Helene Boyer….. Orleans
11796…Henri Lanctot….. Orleans
7981…Ian Yokota….. Orleans
8049…Irvin Daigle….. Orleans
8357…Isabelle Lapierre….. Orleans
9397…Jacinthe Laliberte….. Orleans
8671…Jackie Anton….. Orleans
11807…Jacob Matthews….. Orleans
10084…Jacques Gagne….. Orleans
11594…James Gan….. Orleans
8768…Janice Christensen….. Orleans
11120…Janice Mcintyre….. Orleans
12194…Jannine Moreau….. Orleans
7191…Jason Sinkus….. Orleans
11891…Jean-Pierre Dufour….. Orleans
12332…Jennifer Brisson….. Orleans
8448…Jennifer Buffam….. Orleans
7667…Jennifer Hausman….. Orleans
8981…Jennifer King….. Orleans
7924…Jennifer Stewart….. Orleans
14001…Jessica Champagne….. Orleans
10694…Jessica Danforth….. Orleans
9193…Joan Rajotte….. Orleans
14351…Joanna Streppa….. Orleans
12103…Jo-Anne Matheson….. Orleans
9116…Joanne Mulligan….. Orleans
13911…Joel Bergeron….. Orleans
9516…Johanne Stuart….. Orleans
12422…John Kernick….. Orleans
14089…John Learned….. Orleans
13491…John Mcgregor….. Orleans
14597…John Menzies….. Orleans
9140…John O'bryan….. Orleans
9251…John Scarlett….. Orleans
7939…John Tennant….. Orleans
7959…John Vice….. Orleans
7299…Jonathan Favre….. Orleans
14283…Jonathan Montreuil….. Orleans
9517…Jordi Stuart….. Orleans
11638…Josee Cote….. Orleans
11476…Josee Deleseleuc….. Orleans
11152…Josee Sarazin….. Orleans
12871…Josie Armstrong….. Orleans
12368…Julie Arsenault….. Orleans
11137…Julie Johnson….. Orleans
9248…Julie Savoie….. Orleans
9141…Justin O'bryan….. Orleans
11167…Karianne Lefebvre….. Orleans
8982…Karyl King….. Orleans
8127…Katharina Menduni….. Orleans
10469…Katherine Kurtossy….. Orleans
12716…Kathleen Michael….. Orleans
8692…Kathryn Barr….. Orleans
12308…Katie Williams….. Orleans
7744…Kayla Licari….. Orleans
11772…Kelly Haynes….. Orleans
12718…Kelly Michael….. Orleans
9519…Kelsey Teague….. Orleans
10814…Kenneth Crane….. Orleans
11066…Kenneth Gray….. Orleans
12756…Kevin O'keefe….. Orleans
12564…Kevin Riendeau….. Orleans
10758…Kim Carrier….. Orleans
9075…Kim Mcgowan….. Orleans
14010…Krista Cooper….. Orleans
7317…Kristen Ward….. Orleans
14238…Kyle Thebault….. Orleans
9618…Kylie Rozon….. Orleans
8449…Laura Buffam….. Orleans
8167…Laura St-Pierre….. Orleans
9351…Laura Yokota-Savoia….. Orleans
7051…Lauren Devereux….. Orleans
10556…Laurie Mack….. Orleans
12090…Lesley Gay….. Orleans
8952…Leslie Hurry….. Orleans
14074…Leslie Katz….. Orleans
8747…Lili Caron….. Orleans
14370…Linda Brunet….. Orleans
12072…Linda Dupuis….. Orleans
9300…Lindsay Toll….. Orleans
13860…Lindsay Walthert….. Orleans
13999…Lisa Carozza….. Orleans
9083…Lisa Meek….. Orleans
12198…Lisa St-Amour….. Orleans
12102…Lise Dixon….. Orleans
9213…Lloyd Rockburn….. Orleans
7018…Lorne Schmidt….. Orleans
9214…Louise Rockburn….. Orleans
13761…Louise Soloski….. Orleans
8215…Luc Nadon….. Orleans
9163…Luc Pedneault….. Orleans
10761…Lucie Houle….. Orleans
7222…Lucien Bedard….. Orleans
7804…Lynda Muirhead….. Orleans
13196…M Gauthier….. Orleans
11121…Malcolm Mcintyre….. Orleans
7960…Manon Virag….. Orleans
8523…Marc Desforges….. Orleans
7501…Marc-Andre Blanke….. Orleans
11695…Marg Zens….. Orleans
7686…Maria Hotston….. Orleans
13468…Maria Perron….. Orleans
9620…Mark Deschamps….. Orleans
12717…Mark Michael….. Orleans
11400…Mark Price….. Orleans
7653…Marquis Hainse….. Orleans
9527…Martine Gagnon….. Orleans
8105…Mary Anne Gillespie….. Orleans
12568…Mary Jane Daluz….. Orleans
8823…Mathieu Dion….. Orleans
14048…Mathieu Gill….. Orleans
14278…Matt Boivin….. Orleans
8211…Matt Fyfe….. Orleans
12872…Matthew Armstrong….. Orleans
11014…Matthew Mckay….. Orleans
14579…Matthew Overton….. Orleans
9252…Matthew Scarlett….. Orleans
9635…Matthew Walthert….. Orleans
12326…Maureen Brennan-Rousseau….. Orleans
8478…Maureen Lamothe….. Orleans
8907…Max Guenette….. Orleans
7474…Megan Apostoleris….. Orleans
9294…Megan Taylor….. Orleans
7524…Michael Brown….. Orleans
13306…Michael Jared….. Orleans
9636…Michael Kampman….. Orleans
13705…Michael Roome….. Orleans
8824…Michel Dion….. Orleans
10957…Michel St Denis….. Orleans
10702…Michelle Best….. Orleans
12206…Michelle Maheux….. Orleans
11136…Mike Johnson….. Orleans
10742…Ming Tung….. Orleans
9088…Mireille Mikhael….. Orleans
10859…Monica Henderson….. Orleans
9772…Monique Goyette….. Orleans
7687…Morgan Hotston….. Orleans
7666…Murray Hatt….. Orleans
8816…Natalie Deschamps….. Orleans
13361…Natascha Lacroix….. Orleans
7736…Natasshia Lee….. Orleans
11065…Nathalie Laroche….. Orleans
9212…Nathalie Rochon….. Orleans
9415…Nerehis Tzivanopolous….. Orleans
9957…Nicolas Ducharme….. Orleans
8674…Nicole Arbic….. Orleans
11214…Nicole Lalonde….. Orleans
10757…Norman May….. Orleans
11672…Olivier Lavictoire….. Orleans
9723…Pamela Lavallee….. Orleans
11673…Patrice Lavictoire….. Orleans
11294…Patrick Grenier….. Orleans
9019…Patrick Levasseur….. Orleans
11572…Patrick Mcvarnock….. Orleans
12765…Patrick Sarda….. Orleans
14591…Paul Mcdonough….. Orleans
10760…Paul Walker….. Orleans
12508…Pauline Giese….. Orleans
13913…Peter Blier….. Orleans
10433…Peter Devlin….. Orleans
14130…Philippe Milot….. Orleans
8761…Pierre Charron….. Orleans
12738…Pierre Huet….. Orleans
11293…Pierrette Grenier….. Orleans
8450…Rachel Buffam….. Orleans
9722…Rachel Lessard….. Orleans
10893…Rachel Mac Duff….. Orleans
8583…Rafael Huet….. Orleans
12528…Randy Buffam….. Orleans
11151…Randy Lahaise….. Orleans
8348…Raymond Mcinnis….. Orleans
12623…Raymond Ouimet….. Orleans
10143…Rebeca Shaw….. Orleans
9518…Rebecca Teague….. Orleans
11272…Remika Gautam….. Orleans
10810…Renelle Cloutier….. Orleans
11653…Richard Purves….. Orleans
12113…Richard Tremblay….. Orleans
10924…Rita Paul….. Orleans
9320…Rob Vice….. Orleans
10815…Robbie Crane….. Orleans
9782…Robert Blasutti….. Orleans
9647…Robert Downey….. Orleans
11168…Robert Jr Lefebvre….. Orleans
11820…Robert Morin….. Orleans
11982…Robert Patchett….. Orleans
7907…Robert Simard….. Orleans
11881…Robin Whitford….. Orleans
7054…Robyn Macdonald….. Orleans
13998…Roger Butt….. Orleans
13586…Ron Orien….. Orleans
9454…Roy Maclellan….. Orleans
14449…Sandy Clark….. Orleans
12414…Sandy Jones….. Orleans
9352…Sara Yokota-Savoia….. Orleans
7712…Scott King….. Orleans
9439…Sean Patchett….. Orleans
14158…Sesha Rabideau….. Orleans
10999…Shaily Turner….. Orleans
12947…Shanna Boutilier….. Orleans
10364…Shannon Snider….. Orleans
7287…Shawn Hohenkirk….. Orleans
8533…Shawn Myers….. Orleans
14469…Shayne Chamberlain….. Orleans
9218…Shirley Rogers….. Orleans
8730…Stacey Brisebois….. Orleans
10766…Stacy Taylor….. Orleans
7182…Stephan Lemaire….. Orleans
11228…Stephanie Ettinger….. Orleans
12141…Stephen James….. Orleans
11900…Steve Greenwood….. Orleans
7336…Steve Pelletier….. Orleans
10875…Susan Kes….. Orleans
12437…Susan Lepine….. Orleans
8117…Susan Villeneuve….. Orleans
9579…Suzanne Giguere….. Orleans
9089…Suzanne Mikkelsen….. Orleans
11130…Sydney Howard….. Orleans
14616…Sylvain Levesque….. Orleans
9972…Sylvie Daoust….. Orleans
12431…Sylvie Godbout….. Orleans
9596…Sylvie Morin….. Orleans
8536…Talia Cameron….. Orleans
13387…Talia Lawrence….. Orleans
8047…Tamiko Von Eicken….. Orleans
12024…Tammy Edwards….. Orleans
7236…Tammy Gardner….. Orleans
5841…Tanja Scharf….. Orleans
7621…Tanya Finlay….. Orleans
9166…Taylor Perron….. Orleans
9970…Tom Kannemann….. Orleans
7962…Tommy Vranas….. Orleans
10149…Tonie Lavictoire….. Orleans
10340…Tori Maclean….. Orleans
8286…Tracey Fitzpatrick….. Orleans
11349…Tracey Gibbons….. Orleans
7654…Traci Hainse….. Orleans
8619…Tracy Rizok….. Orleans
10527…Travis Fiander….. Orleans
13808…Tristan Tessier….. Orleans
8672…Val Anton….. Orleans
9639…Valerie Beauchesne….. Orleans
13362…Valerie Ladouceur….. Orleans
9661…Valerie Marcil….. Orleans
12682…Valerie O'connell….. Orleans
12320…Vanessa Sanger….. Orleans
11877…Venise Volodarsky….. Orleans
13400…Veronik Leblanc….. Orleans
7583…Veronique Daviault….. Orleans
10568…Vicki Aubin….. Orleans
10132…Vince Daluz….. Orleans
11778…Wendy Hickson….. Orleans
11847…Wendy Ruthven….. Orleans
8873…Wyn Fournier….. Orleans
9237…Xavier Saindon….. Orleans
13595…Yvonne Parsons….. Orleans
12155…Zachary St-Pierre….. Orleans
14285…Zack Hazledine….. Orleans
11808…Zoe Matthews….. Orleans
7779…Didi Mclean….. Oxford Mills
8868…Jana Ford….. Oxford Mills
12796…Julie Shephard….. Oxford Mills
8933…Kim Hennessy….. Oxford Mills
12783…Leia Richards….. Oxford Mills
13324…Marvin Kealey….. Oxford Mills
10641…Nadia Diakun-Thibault….. Oxford Mills
10347…Robert Lachance….. Oxford Mills
14619…Aida Izquierdo….. Pembroke
9041…Alanna Macgregor….. Pembroke
14622…Amanda Sykes….. Pembroke
10393…Amelia Gallant….. Pembroke
10499…Bernadette Demong….. Pembroke
13176…Brian Fraser….. Pembroke
10389…Chantal Gallant….. Pembroke
10778…Cheryl Gallant….. Pembroke
12346…Chichi Mgbemena….. Pembroke
8435…Chuck Mathe….. Pembroke
10884…Deanna Lang….. Pembroke
13263…Derek Hebner….. Pembroke
10342…Donald Sheppard….. Pembroke
10000…Elisabelle St-Hilaire….. Pembroke
10392…Ellyse Gallant….. Pembroke
10500…Erik Fleurant….. Pembroke
10794…Ginger Boucher….. Pembroke
12592…Hilary Reiche….. Pembroke
10390…James Gallant….. Pembroke
12724…Jessica Bucci….. Pembroke
14624…John Blair….. Pembroke
14623…Jordan Blair….. Pembroke
8436…Kerry Nolan….. Pembroke
10391…Lauren Gallant….. Pembroke
10343…Lorie Sheppard….. Pembroke
12539…Lynn Carre….. Pembroke
9999…Marie-Philippe St-Hilaire….. Pembroke
12154…Melissa Jarvis….. Pembroke
10606…Michael Murphy….. Pembroke
14368…Michelle Rousselle….. Pembroke
12889…Mike Baxter….. Pembroke
13862…P Ward….. Pembroke
10209…Peter Harrington….. Pembroke
11042…Renee Fleurant….. Pembroke
10001…Ryan Bergin….. Pembroke
12775…Sherri Forward….. Pembroke
12214…Stanley Gauthier….. Pembroke
9996…Andrea Kennedy….. Perth
7433…Angela Gilbertson….. Perth
8227…Anne Marie Gallant….. Perth
12019…Ashley Murphy….. Perth
11265…Bobbi-Jo Jarvis….. Perth
11002…Charles Kirkwood….. Perth
12397…Connor Stewart….. Perth
8983…Dawn Kirkham….. Perth
12984…Derick Buffam….. Perth
11566…Georgine Elderkin….. Perth
12985…Jacob Buffam….. Perth
12398…Jim Stewart….. Perth
14219…Kayla Millar….. Perth
8617…Kelly Ireton….. Perth
8243…Kim Hazen….. Perth
9243…Lexi Saunders….. Perth
9244…Lisa Saunders….. Perth
8508…Lise Harris….. Perth
9245…Logan Saunders….. Perth
1048…Lynn Marsh….. Perth
9246…Nolan Saunders….. Perth
12866…Quattrocchi Annette….. Perth
9345…Rhonda Wright….. Perth
12939…Sharon Bothwell….. Perth
8230…Steve Gallant….. Perth
9109…Tammy Morrison….. Perth
13634…Tracy Plourde….. Perth
10478…Adele Burry….. Petawawa
12488…Amanda Prud'homme….. Petawawa
8382…Amy Christensen….. Petawawa
12832…Andrew Chan….. Petawawa
11299…Andrew Wilson….. Petawawa
13224…Angela Grandy….. Petawawa
8562…Annette Baisley….. Petawawa
10615…Bethany Hackworth….. Petawawa
11686…Bonnie Farrel….. Petawawa
10979…Brenda Willsie….. Petawawa
11069…Brian Mckay….. Petawawa
10505…Bryanna Novack….. Petawawa
7898…Caroline Seessle….. Petawawa
9372…Chico Traclet….. Petawawa
13195…Chris Gauthier….. Petawawa
12545…Chris Stewart….. Petawawa
12799…Claire Luesink….. Petawawa
12654…Clinton Vardy….. Petawawa
8228…Colleen Williams….. Petawawa
8082…Connor Chalmers-Wein….. Petawawa
13670…Cora Rennie….. Petawawa
10564…Corey Rice….. Petawawa
10014…Daniel Brissette….. Petawawa
13499…Daniel Mclaren….. Petawawa
10907…Daniel Milburn….. Petawawa
7961…Dave Vooght….. Petawawa
13219…David Gottfried….. Petawawa
13227…David Grebstad….. Petawawa
13442…Donna Macera….. Petawawa
10498…Doug Bowers….. Petawawa
8095…Emma Bowers….. Petawawa
12184…Eric Brisebois….. Petawawa
9656…Eric Jutras….. Petawawa
9770…Eric Pilon….. Petawawa
3822…Eric Roy….. Petawawa
10408…Eve Boyce….. Petawawa
9413…Fedora Lombardo….. Petawawa
13002…Gillian Campbell….. Petawawa
12991…Glen Butcher….. Petawawa
13444…Grant Macintosh….. Petawawa
13253…Greg Hatcher….. Petawawa
7043…Haley Moreau….. Petawawa
11688…Harrison Lane….. Petawawa
10094…Heather Skaling….. Petawawa
10617…Heidi Tingley….. Petawawa
10993…Heike Traclet….. Petawawa
9326…Ian Walcott….. Petawawa
10620…James Conway….. Petawawa
13225…Janessa Grandy….. Petawawa
13205…Jennifer German….. Petawawa
9453…Jeris Chalmers-Wein….. Petawawa
10684…Joann Tyrie….. Petawawa
11298…Jody Weymouth….. Petawawa
11372…Johanne Guimond….. Petawawa
8495…John Stevenson….. Petawawa
10565…Johnny Rice….. Petawawa
8592…Joseph Firlotte….. Petawawa
10670…Julianne Godard….. Petawawa
8496…Julie Stevenson….. Petawawa
12388…Kelly Brissette….. Petawawa
11081…Kelly Dove….. Petawawa
8034…Kelsey Macintosh….. Petawawa
14366…Kenneth Highsted….. Petawawa
10371…Kevin Cameron….. Petawawa
11082…Kirstyn Dove….. Petawawa
11632…Kristin De Jong….. Petawawa
12127…Lana Gillard….. Petawawa
12038…Laura Moreau….. Petawawa
10464…Leona Vance….. Petawawa
11662…Lisa Bourque….. Petawawa
12110…Lisa Fedak….. Petawawa
11049…Lucinda Vienneau….. Petawawa
10326…Marc Parent….. Petawawa
11068…Margaret Mckay….. Petawawa
8561…Mark Baisley….. Petawawa
8116…Marla Lesage….. Petawawa
8341…Marsha Robertson….. Petawawa
8600…Matthew Devine….. Petawawa
8953…Melissa Huston….. Petawawa
10410…Michael Companion….. Petawawa
12182…Michelle Brisebois….. Petawawa
8601…Molly Mcinnes Learning….. Petawawa
8229…Nick Williams….. Petawawa
12723…Nicole Laidlaw….. Petawawa
9479…Nina Di Sabatino….. Petawawa
12075…Pascale Paradis….. Petawawa
12037…Paul Moreau….. Petawawa
14605…Rich Gallant….. Petawawa
10063…Robert Mallory….. Petawawa
9090…Rodney Milburn….. Petawawa
7809…Ron Needham….. Petawawa
10497…Sam Bowers….. Petawawa
12685…Samantha Dacey….. Petawawa
9051…Sandra Majczyna….. Petawawa
13277…Scott Horodecky….. Petawawa
10683…Scott Tyrie….. Petawawa
9456…Selina Hatcher….. Petawawa
12766…Shane Learning….. Petawawa
10566…Sheldon Rice….. Petawawa
7401…Steve Buckett….. Petawawa
11984…Susan Chalmers….. Petawawa
12684…Suzanne Dacey….. Petawawa
11327…Tania Thompson….. Petawawa
13716…Tanner Rutz….. Petawawa
10332…Tiffeny Holdom….. Petawawa
13052…Todd Constantine….. Petawawa
10623…Valerie Plant….. Petawawa
12995…Vanessa Butler….. Petawawa
12524…Virginia Rich….. Petawawa
7355…Wayne Eyre….. Petawawa
13226…William Grandy….. Petawawa
12819…William Hawley….. Petawawa
10406…Angela Gauthier-Demers….. Plantagenet
8509…Annie Gauthier….. Plantagenet
8174…Carole Lapointe….. Plantagenet
13145…Debbie Elie….. Plantagenet
13101…Leo Demers….. Plantagenet
9229…Malika Rozon Sibera….. Plantagenet
13632…Christian Plante….. Pontiac
9285…Glen Swan….. Pontiac
9286…Heather Swan….. Pontiac
9287…Jane Swan….. Pontiac
9288…Janice Swan….. Pontiac
9289…Martin Swan….. Pontiac
7645…Renee Gosselin….. Pontiac
13633…Samuel Plante….. Pontiac
9290…Seamus Swan….. Pontiac
14139…Andrew Noonan….. Prescott
9845…Angela Powell….. Prescott
14140…Betty Noonan….. Prescott
12896…Chris Bedor….. Prescott
13193…Colleen Gander….. Prescott
11510…Darlene Daub….. Prescott
12897…Kim Bedor….. Prescott
11995…Leanne Crain….. Prescott
9128…Sandy Noonan….. Prescott
14141…Wayne Noonan….. Prescott
13846…Amanda Vance….. Renfrew
12915…Connor Bennett….. Renfrew
10021…Daryl Fiebig….. Renfrew
10020…Debbie Fiebig….. Renfrew
8035…Kelley Whitman….. Renfrew
14125…Lindsay Mcnulty….. Renfrew
10844…Lisa Gauthier….. Renfrew
7624…Rachel Folkema….. Renfrew
8136…Sonya Lepine….. Renfrew
14198…Adrianna Van Zeeland….. Richmond
10889…Al Lewis….. Richmond
10948…Andre Seiffert….. Richmond
8670…Barbara Annas….. Richmond
8620…Brent Macintyre….. Richmond
10318…Carl Turenne….. Richmond
12135…Carla Zylstra….. Richmond
10796…Charlene Burnside….. Richmond
14149…Christine Pepin….. Richmond
12829…Connie Bresee….. Richmond
8188…Dawn Jordon….. Richmond
10825…Deena Desson….. Richmond
11809…Diane Mayer….. Richmond
13281…Dominique Huet….. Richmond
7066…Heather Hunter….. Richmond
8306…Jamie Jordon….. Richmond
10737…Janet Moul….. Richmond
11810…Jerry Mayer….. Richmond
8256…Joe Barthelette….. Richmond
10944…Kristin Ryan….. Richmond
13240…Laura Habgood….. Richmond
12895…Lionel Bedard….. Richmond
13241…Michael Habgood….. Richmond
7598…Pierre Doiron….. Richmond
7242…Roger Crispin….. Richmond
9907…Scott Cooper….. Richmond
10890…Sean Lewis….. Richmond
7814…Sherry Newman….. Richmond
12989…Stephen Burwash….. Richmond
10891…Suzanne Lewis….. Richmond
10919…Theresa Murray….. Richmond
13550…Tom Moul….. Richmond
10381…Tony Steele….. Richmond
9175…Tracey Pick….. Richmond
10380…Wendy Steele….. Richmond
9162…Whitney Peasley….. Richmond
7358…Amanda Hebert….. Rockland
11875…Andre Vezina….. Rockland
12217…Belanna Mclean….. Rockland
10378…Braeden Roy….. Rockland
13165…Brenda Flood….. Rockland
8452…Carrie Mccoombs….. Rockland
10516…Catherine Watson….. Rockland
8314…Colene O'brien….. Rockland
8614…Connie Hadley….. Rockland
11773…Darlene Hebert….. Rockland
14418…Debbie Simms….. Rockland
14272…Emilie Deschamps….. Rockland
12993…Erika Butler….. Rockland
13854…Fran Vollhoffer….. Rockland
12379…Ghislain Veilleux….. Rockland
11755…Gisele Forest….. Rockland
10273…Guylain Ouellette….. Rockland
8313…Irene Lemaire….. Rockland
9836…Isabelle Tremblay….. Rockland
14263…Jolene Marinier….. Rockland
7980…Josanne Yelle….. Rockland
8451…Josef Mccoombs….. Rockland
12994…Karl Butler….. Rockland
11635…Michael Crabbe….. Rockland
7570…Michael Croteau….. Rockland
14419…Mitchell Simms….. Rockland
11551…Nancy Crabbe….. Rockland
14461…Nelson Lizotte….. Rockland
9386…Patricia Wright….. Rockland
12195…Pierre Archambault….. Rockland
10621…Robin Zito….. Rockland
12728…Roylana Larochelle….. Rockland
12219…Sam Mclean….. Rockland
8207…Serina K. Archambault….. ROckland
11162…Sharlene L. Archambault….. Rockland
13262…Simon Hebert….. Rockland
14421…Stephanie Simms….. Rockland
11161…Sylvie Archambault….. Rockland
12458…Tom Whelan….. Rockland
12071…Vickie Sheppard….. Rockland
12035…Donna Courchesne….. Shawville
7571…Debi Cunningham….. Smiths Falls
11452…Fabian Boone….. Smiths Falls
13512…Garry Mellan….. Smiths Falls
11717…Grace Buffam….. Smiths Falls
8690…Heather Bannon….. Smiths Falls
7532…Jen Cahill….. Smiths Falls
13517…Kat Merrells….. Smiths Falls
8707…Kim Berry….. Smiths Falls
13626…Matthew Pilon….. Smiths Falls
13317…Norma Jones-Myers….. Smiths Falls
8950…Pat Hunter Muldoon….. Smiths Falls
13067…Russell Cowan….. Smiths Falls
10638…Sheena Shilton….. Smiths Falls
8178…Stephen Wintle….. Smiths Falls
9793…Tammy Mulrooney….. Smiths Falls
13627…Tammy Pilon….. Smiths Falls
13358…Tanya Labelle….. Smiths Falls
8928…Theresa Heaslip….. Smiths Falls
8205…Alan Burgess….. South Mountain
8204…Carolyn Burgess….. South Mountain
14352…Julie Streska….. Spencerville
7220…Brian Roos….. St. Albert
12101…Kevin Rocchi….. St. Albert
8191…Lisa Bambrick….. St. Albert
13734…Patricia Sauve….. St. Albert
9354…|Jo Young….. Stittsville
8930…Aidan Heffernan….. Stittsville
11103…Alain Brazeau….. Stittsville
8352…Alyssa Endicott….. Stittsville
13896…Amanda Woodward….. Stittsville
13450…Amy Macleod….. Stittsville
8996…Annick Lafleche….. Stittsville
8289…Anthea Odai-Abaloo….. Stittsville
7884…April Sabourin….. Stittsville
10216…Bethany Roy….. Stittsville
8639…Blake Van Den Heuvel….. Stittsville
8931…Brendan Heffernan….. Stittsville
8831…Briana Downey….. Stittsville
7101…Brigitte Garvock….. Stittsville
8832…Brittney Downey….. Stittsville
13124…Bruce Donnelly….. Stittsville
9235…Caitlin Sabourin….. Stittsville
9748…Cameron Ellis….. Stittsville
12156…Carrie Brown….. Stittsville
9747…Carrie Gudgeon….. Stittsville
7510…Catherine Boucher….. Stittsville
10803…Cathy Chalmers….. Stittsville
11905…Cathy Chorniawy….. Stittsville
7834…Cathy O'neil….. Stittsville
10936…Cathy Robinson….. Stittsville
13155…Charles Falardeau….. Stittsville
14437…Chris Kurlicki….. Stittsville
13402…Chris Leger….. Stittsville
4481…Chris Stacey….. Stittsville
11275…Christiane Mendes….. Stittsville
10707…Christine Lusk….. Stittsville
11729…Claire Collis….. Stittsville
11866…Clarice Tattersall….. Stittsville
7885…Dakota Sabourin….. Stittsville
9337…Daphne Whiting….. Stittsville
9423…David Butler….. Stittsville
13488…Deb Mcgeachy….. Stittsville
12018…Denise Morrison….. Stittsville
7595…Dennis Desjardins….. Stittsville
13704…Don Rooke….. Stittsville
7886…Doug Sabourin….. Stittsville
8264…E. Roselyn Murphy….. Stittsville
9013…Elise Lavigne….. Stittsville
10708…Elizabeth Goddard….. Stittsville
14068…Eric Irons….. Stittsville
8332…Eric Kahler….. Stittsville
9482…Eric Morrison….. Stittsville
13910…Felix Belzile….. Stittsville
7548…Gerald Chamberlain….. Stittsville
12140…Grace Lachance….. Stittsville
10091…Greg Vanclief….. Stittsville
7759…Guy Macleod….. Stittsville
11274…Harold Mendes….. Stittsville
8749…Heather Carty….. Stittsville
7976…Hope Wilson….. Stittsville
14279…J.R. (Bob) Auchterlonie….. Stittsville
7061…Jason O'donnell….. Stittsville
11867…Jenna Tattersall….. Stittsville
7465…Jennifer Ailey….. Stittsville
11186…Jennifer Reid-Hudson….. Stittsville
12503…Jennifer Tschanz….. Stittsville
11109…Jerry Shelest….. Stittsville
7231…Jessica Pomeroy….. Stittsville
9555…Jody Fraser….. Stittsville
8966…Joel Kam….. Stittsville
14132…Joelle Morin….. Stittsville
8458…John Green….. Stittsville
11868…John Tattersall….. Stittsville
13884…John Williams….. Stittsville
14457…Jon Andrews….. Stittsville
9236…Judy Sabourin….. Stittsville
8044…Julia Gervais….. Stittsville
13477…Kaitlyn Mccaughan….. Stittsville
11104…Karen Dokken….. Stittsville
7366…Karen Kurlicki….. Stittsville
12262…Karin Wiens….. Stittsville
12591…Katherine Williton….. Stittsville
10101…Kelby Hamilton….. Stittsville
8833…Kevin Downey….. Stittsville
8173…Kristen Cameron….. Stittsville
4441…Kyle Mackay….. Stittsville
8560…Laura Coxworth….. Stittsville
9462…Laura Miller….. Stittsville
5825…Laurel Rosene….. Stittsville
7252…Laurie Laird….. Stittsville
13257…Liisa Hayman….. Stittsville
7258…Lisa Steele….. Stittsville
4442…Louise Mackay….. Stittsville
11185…Lucas Hudson….. Stittsville
10561…Lucas Hudson….. Stittsville
4067…Lynn Messager….. Stittsville
7877…Marc Roy….. Stittsville
13717…Marc Rydzik….. Stittsville
9045…Martha Macleod….. Stittsville
8935…Mary Herbert….. Stittsville
10682…Maryam Tangaki….. Stittsville
7479…Matt Bafia….. Stittsville
13989…Megan Ashlee Bowes….. Stittsville
8750…Meghan Carty….. Stittsville
8897…Melanie Goodfellow….. Stittsville
12261…Melissa Bouchard….. Stittsville
14270…Michaela Carella….. Stittsville
12260…Michel Bouchard….. Stittsville
9105…Michel Morin….. Stittsville
7511…Michelle Boucher….. Stittsville
11340…Michelle Endicott….. Stittsville
7668…Michelle Hay….. Stittsville
452…Moira Mcdonald….. Stittsville
7419…Nathalie Daigle….. Stittsville
7466…Nicholas Alexander….. Stittsville
10164…Peter Ennis….. Stittsville
11819…Pierre Monette….. Stittsville
10163…Rachel Ennis….. Stittsville
12108…Randal Walsh….. Stittsville
7609…Randy Dudding….. Stittsville
13166…Rene Flores….. Stittsville
10562…Renee Mcfarlane….. Stittsville
7669…Robert Hay….. Stittsville
12768…Robert Kinsman….. Stittsville
12139…Robert Lachance….. Stittsville
9510…Ruth Ann Sullivan….. Stittsville
10663…Sally Rideout….. Stittsville
13083…Sarah D'angelo….. Stittsville
8354…Savanna Endicott….. Stittsville
7790…Scott Miller….. Stittsville
13955…Shannelle Adam….. Stittsville
11395…Sheila Smith….. Stittsville
7902…Stephen Shaw….. Stittsville
13478…Steve Mccaughan….. Stittsville
9082…Steve Mcstravick….. Stittsville
4443…Stuart Mackay….. Stittsville
10607…Tania Lelievre….. Stittsville
13159…Taylor Ferris….. Stittsville
8967…Tenely Kam….. Stittsville
7480…Tim Bafia….. Stittsville
11184…Wayne Hudson….. Stittsville
12088…Wendy Fraser….. Stittsville
12899…Angelo Belanger….. Val-Des-Monts
12609…Anne Morin….. Val-Des-Monts
9924…Audrey Soucy….. Val-Des-Monts
12608…Dominik Roberge….. Val-Des-Monts
9444…Dominique Emond….. Val-Des-Monts
13539…Marc Moo Sang….. Val-Des-Monts
10305…Stefanie Moo Sang….. Val-Des-Monts
9443…Stephane Gravel….. Val-Des-Monts
7069…Yvan Dolan….. Val-Des-Monts
13380…Alison Laturnus….. Vanier
12319…Marthe Belanger….. Vanier
10418…Nicolas Fortin….. Vanier
12706…Thomas Bastien….. Vanier
10772…Michel Surprenant….. Vars
12628…Mike Kennedy….. Vars
13062…Sharon Courneyea….. Vars
12885…Sonia Barrette….. Vars
13276…Ali Hopper….. Wakefield
12699…Joanne Khouryati….. Wakefield
10310…Kerry Antonello….. White Lake
8729…Michelle Brennan….. White Lake
13252…Andrea Harrison….. Williamstown
13013…Bill Chambre….. Williamstown
13014…Cody Chambre….. Williamstown
13015…Sam Chambre….. Williamstown
8142…Christina Enright….. Winchester
10159…James Shelaga….. Winchester
9233…Marnie Rylaarsdam….. Winchester
11981…Nicole Robinson….. Winchester
9586…Ronald Harrison….. Winchester
12100…Carolyn Sandor-Weston….. Woodlawn
13458…Helen Malacrida….. Woodlawn
9853…Joanne Kumpf….. Woodlawn
12708…Michele Davey….. Woodlawn
7060…Mick Weston….. Woodlawn
ALEJANDRO
Viernes:
Nolan Chance- I'll never forget you (Thomas 45)
Ollie Nightingale- I don't know why I love you (Memphis 45)
John Gary Williams- Thewhole darn world is going crazy (Stax LP)
Bobby Patterson- I get my groove from you (Paula LP)
James Conwell- Another sundown in Watts (Guiness LP)
Larry Saunders- Fly away love bird (Soul International LP)
Jo Armstead- There's not too many more (Giant 45)
Sonny Til-Tears and misery (RCA 45)
Bobby Taylor- It was a good time (Sunflower 45)
Rhetta Hughes- Cry myself to sleep (Tetragrammaton LP)
The Lost Generation- Your mission (Innovation II 45)
The Ovations feat. Louis Williams- Till I found some way (XL 45)
The Four Flights- All I want is you (Almeria 45)
Oscar Perry- He sent me you (Mercury 45)
Chuck Ray- Reconsider (Gemigo 45)
The Lovelites- Love so strong (Lovelite 45)
Margie Joseph- Come on back to me lover (Atlantic LP)
Bobby McClure- Love trap (Hi 45)
Garland Green- System (Ocean Front LP)
Johnny Sayles- My love ain't no love without your love (Brunswick 45)
Albert Jones- You and your love (Candy Apple LP)
Ben E KIng- Standing in the wings of heartache (Atlantic LP)
Denise Lasalle- Come to bed (Malaco LP)
Dee Dee Warwick- Where is that rainbow (Mercury LP)
The Love Comitee-Cheaters never win (Goldmind 45)
The Soul Survivors- City of brotherly love (TSOP LP)
Collins & Collins- You know how to make me feel so good (A&M LP)
Sábado:
Future Flight- Hip-notic lady (Mercury LP)
Mary Jane Girls- All night long (Gordy LP)
Marlena Shaw- I'm back for more (Columbia LP)
Woods Empire- Universal love (Tabu LP)
Betty Wright- Make me love the rain (Epic LP)
Merry Clayton- Emotions (MCA LP)
Karen Pree- Make love last forever (Casablanca 45)
Alex Brown- Slowly turning to love (Best 45)
Raj- Somthing inside (Oak Tree 45)
Clifton Dyson- I'm giving up (After Hour LP)
Renee Geyer- Be there in the morning (Polydor LP)
Tata Vega & G.C. Cameron- (I've got my) second wind (Tamla LP)
Kellee Patterson- I'm gonna love you just a little bit more baby (Shady
Brook LP)
Sergio Mendes & The New Brasil '77- The real thing (Elektra LP)
Rena Scott- We can make it better (Buddah 45)
Quiet Fire- I've got everything I need (RCA 45)
HERMINIO
Sábado:
- Patsy Gallant / I'll all come around / Attic lp
- Debbie Cameron & Richard Boone / Stop foolin' yourself /
Metronome lp SWE
- Macky Feary Band / A million stars / Rainbow lp
- Melton Brothers / Livin' in the city / MDM Communications lp
- Undisputed Truth / Sandman / Warner lp
- Tal Armstrong / You've got so much feeling / Love 45
- Milton Wright / Keep it up / Alston lp
- Leroy Hutson / So nice / RSO lp
- Natural High / I think I'm falling in love with you / Chimneyville lp
- J.P. Rodgers / All my lovin / Inculcation lp
- McCrary's / Love on a summer night / Capitol lp
- Manhattans / Crazy / Columbia lp
- Rick Smith / We should be lovers / Birdie lp
- Wreckin Crew / You don't care / Star Ville 45
- Melba Moore / Standing right here (Richie Rivera Mix) / Buddah 12"
- Herbie Hancock / Stars in your eyes / Columbia 12"
- Steven & Sterling / I'm in love with you / RCA lp
AITOR
Sábado:
Candi Stanton - Too hurt to cry
Ernie Johnson - Big man cry
Loleatta Holloway - I just can't help myself
Larry Whittington - You can always count on me
Pure Pleasure - By my side
Black Nasty - I have no choice
Syl Johnson - All I need is someone like you
Notations - There I go
Pee Wee Callins - I choose love
Universal Love- It's you girl
Unity - unity
Marva whitney - Don't let our love fade away
Philip James - Keep on Loving
Lou Rawls - See You when I get there
Clausel - Let me love you
Larry Mc Gee - The burg
Pretenders - I call it love
Sandra Wright - I come running back
Lakeside - It's Got To Be Love
Marvin Gaye - All the way around
Master Force - Hey girl
Beres Hammond - Do this world a favor
Webster Lewis- Give me some emotion
G C Cameron - This will make you dance
Anthony White - Never let you get away from me
Mel & Tim - It's those little things that count
King Errison - Ain't no mountain high enough
Maze - The look in your eyes
Lazarus - Brown eyes
Hidden Stength - I Don't Want To Be Lone Ranger
ALEX
Viernes:
Archie Hodge- I really want to see you girl
La Familia inc.- Do you love me
Lee Shot- It ain´t me no more
Jerry Washington- don´t waste my time
James Brown- You took my heart
Klas- Let´s make love tonight
Jewell- Paradise
Randy Brown- things that i could do yo you
Stan Martin- Big mouth woman
Dells - Closer
Ann Pebbles- Mon Belle Amour
Chad- I just want to say
Barbara Lynn - So good
Melton Brothers Band- Living in the city
Paradise- stop and think
kinsmill Studio Band- Dont fight the feeling
Funky Team- It´s about time
Lenard Lidell- when you´ve fallen out of love
weldon Irvine- I love you
Yoshihiro Naruse- Cpt chaos
Kano- dance school
Brigette- Star
Front Page- Closer
Pressure Point- Dreaming
Kim Prevost- Good Life
Incognito- Steping into my life
98 Movement- Joy & Heartbreak
BOB COSBY
Viernes/Sábado:
Marshall,Donovan & Broomfield - Since I found my baby
Mind & Matter - I'm under your spell
Mojoba - Say you will
Charisma Band - Aint nothing like your Love
Charles Mintz - lucky Guy
T&T - Somethings on my mind
Stan Martin - Big mouth Woman
Delegation - One more step to take
James Brown - your love is good for me
Rock n Co. - You live only once
Executive Jam - I'm into your love
Brown Sugar - The game is over
Family of eve - Please be truthful
Ray Barretto - Love Beads
Happy New Year! If you are like me, you need music to survive. On the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, music is right there at the top with self actualization. If you don't have music, how do you understand yourself, come to terms with the past, present, and future? if you don't have music, how do you cope with the small and large tragedies that threaten to destroy you? A world without music is one in which I wouldn't be able to survive. So, now that it's officially 2016, here's my way of saying goodbye to 2015.
I will always make the caveat here that it would be impossible for me to listen to every record that came out every year. I have a limited amount of time and I have a full time job...listening to records would be an amazing full time job on it's own but it wouldn't pay the bills, of course, so for now I'll just do what I can.
2015 was an amazing year for independent music and creative thought. There are probably thousands of records out there I didn't hear that I would love. So, it's surprising to me that when I look at the top lists/Best of the year lists of many major publications, I'm left with a stale feeling. There are only so many times you can read recommendations for Kendrick Lamar and Courtney Barnett before you realize all the top ten lists are starting to sound almost exactly the same and that music journalists have become lazier than sloths.
My aim in creating these lists is a little different than most. I don't really care about the major label type of artists. They bore me. They are formulated to appeal to a wide variety of people and I don't consider myself part of this group, especially in terms of my musical tastes. I prefer the extraordinary, the experimental, and the weird. I like music that challenges me to think and feel instead of just maintains a certain boring status quo. At the same time, the top album here is incredibly accessible and it didn't get the recognition for end of year lists in the States that I thought it should.
Here's my Best Records of 2015 list:
1. FFS (Franz Ferdinand + Sparks): S/T
I've been a Franz Ferdinand fan for a long time-in fact, since they became a band. I saw them on their first US tour and have seen and photographed them several times since. Yet, Sparks is a much newer band for me to come around to. I tried listening to them a few years back and found their sound to be just way too sugary and too oriented in disco. I'll admit, I also saw photographs of them and Ronald Mael's mustache reminded me of Hitler and made me scared they might be anti-Semitic so I avoided them based on that. When I saw they collaborated with Franz Ferdinand, I looked more into the band and was reassured that the Mael brothers of Spark come from an Austrian Jewish descent. I found quite a few singles to love, though I still feel like they are better in moderation (I feel the same way about Abba, even though I think they are tremendously fun.)
Somehow, though, the dark and seductive qualities of Franz Ferdinand paired with the up tempo disco pop qualities of Sparks make for some of the most interesting sounds and song compositions. This is catchiness to the extreme and each song will get stuck in your head in different ways and at different moments of the day. Think of the best singles by the band Queen and you'll be close to how great this is. The album is fun, to be sure, but it's also more than that. How many albums will you find "martyr" rhyming with "Sartre" for instance? Also have to say, even though I have decided not to do a top shows list this year, this was definitely one of my favorites!
Listen here: www.ffsmusic.com/
More photos I took of their set at the Vic Theater in Chicago here:
www.thelineofbestfit.com/photos/live-photo-gallery/ffs-at...
2. Sufjan Stevens: Carrie & Lowell
I was shocked when I didn't find this album on more best of lists. Sufjan has created some delicate music before in the past but this is him at his best-it has the same gentleness he created with Seven Swans with the more clever songwriting we saw in Come on Feel the Illinoise. It has become my favorite album of his to be sure and the sense of honesty is both disarming and alarming at the same time. Some of the lyrics really take you to the edge in many ways, "Fourth of July" especially. When someone bares all like Sufjan has here, it deserves a listen!
music.sufjan.com/album/carrie-lowell
3. Low: Ones and Sixes
You'll have a hard time finding a band that is as sincere and as hard working as Low is for as long as they have been creating music. Low hasn't ever, in fact, released a dud album. Each one of them has their gems and their strengths and Ones and Sixes is no different. Low, as always, ask questions of the listener. Sometimes, they give answers and sometimes they encourage you to think for yourself. There are times when Low is bare and deep and other times when Alan Sparhawk's and Mimi Parker's vocals together provide a lushness not unlike the sublime feeling of sinking your teeth into a deep dark chocolate truffle. If you're not already a fan of the band, I highly recommend you invest some time and energy into listening to their most recent as well as, honestly, any and all of their 11 releases. I've never been disappointed.
Low was also another band I greatly enjoyed seeing live in Chicago this year and they are coming to Evanston to Space January 30th..looking forward to it!
Low backstage and live in Chicago earlier this year: www.thelineofbestfit.com/photos/live-photo-gallery/low-ba...
4. Julia Kent: Asperities
If you took the music inside my soul, it would sound very much like Julia Kent's cello playing. There are no words and yet she creates the words I can't express sometimes and provides relief for me by doing so. Some words are used too often...still others haven't been invented yet. Thank you, Julia Kent, for providing the catharsis that comes from feeling the pain of the universe and still wanting to be a part of it and create inside it.
5. GY!BE (Godspeed You! Black Emperor): Asunder, Sweet and Other Distress
I'm really looking forward to seeing Godspeed You! Black Emperor at Thalia Hall in Chicago on Valentine's Day in 2016 because I find turbulence and emotional chaos pretty romantic. Ok, so now that you have a little too much information about me, if you like other Godspeed You! Black Emperor records, you're sure to like this one as well. It's an instrumental maelstrom to be sure from start to finish but it's well worth the journey. You feel like with each GY!BE, you're looking at apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic collapsed cities, half turned into dust and while you're sifting through the ashes, you gain insight into the former humanity of it all. I'm not saying that you should only listen to GY!BE at the end of the world but it sure would be a great soundtrack for it. In any case, the ensemble is always gloriously effective at creating a mood and sustaining it and this is definitely no exception. I'm pretty sure Efrim Menuck is one of those people who will never sell out and I like that people like him exist in this world. Tra la la...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMgDyd2E6_8
6. Django Django: Born Under Saturn
Life is complicated..I mean, really complicated...and there are a great deal of sounds But what Django Django does is organize all the greatest sounds and make them melodic and interesting and...at the same time...not overstimulating. When I listen to Django Django, I hear catchy yet careful songs filled with intricate and interesting sounds that make the temporal lobes of my brain so extremely happy, I start to feel like I am actually floating in the atmosphere. And, if being a cloud weren't enough, you can actually dance to this stuff...highly recommended!
7. Gwenno: Y Dydd Olaf
Gwenno Mererid Saunders used to be Gwenno Pipette, which was a band I saw and loved awhile back (super catchy and fun!) The difference here is that she sings in Welsh and it's a bit more psychedelic as well. It's not as accessible as Joy Formidable but it's a little less weird than Super Furry Animals. All in all, it's a great and memorable record that has fantastic melodies extending beyond the wall hit by so many contemporary musicians.
Check it out and decide for yourself!: www.gwenno.info/
8. Cinchel: The Timing was Right for a Walk in the Woods
"Capital letters don't mean anything..they are useless," said my husband Cinchel while I complained that the album title on his Bandcamp was not acknowledging the proper capitalization of a title. That pretty much sums up my husband... he won't let any kind of pre-determined structure define him unlike myself who finds grammar and spelling rather organizing and comforting amidst the chaos of the modern world and all of it's endless rambling words and punctuation.
I digress...Cinchel is my husband and I am lucky to have him in my life. Every day or almost every day, I get to experience a part of him playing in the same room I am editing photos and each day he seems to come into his own a little bit. It's always an interesting dynamic..although we have very different day jobs, two artists living together under the same roof, struggling to create amidst a 40-60 hour work week. Life gets intense, complicated, draining, and will kill you if you let it. Cinchel is the optimist and he always finds a way to try to cheer me up...he doesn't seem to think about atrocities in the world like genocide as constantly as I do or, if he does, it doesn't let it get to him. Our cats definitely help.
We survive to create or do we create or survive? Either way, it's a bit of a symbiotic relationship. Cinchel is extremely prolific and puts gals like me to shame in that way...and, even more so, he provides the quality behind the quantity which is a rarity in this modern world. Check out his albums here and, if you don't connect to the above one in question, there is a little variety amongst his works-all well worth hearing:
9. Richard Skelton: Memorious Earth
This too shall pass and by this I mean us and the planet we live on. But, the thing about this particular funeral is that we'll all be dead and won't be able to witness it. Memorious Earth has a sort of dark emotional tone befitting of a eulogy and, at the same time, an homage to the sadness inherent in us as a species. It's what we admit is inescapable, passed down genetically and only growing stronger within our DNA as deep feeling humans. This is a little bit of a challenge to listen to but it's necessary when experiencing the loss of each moment in our lives when we made a different choice or couldn't make a choice, when we failed ourselves and our families, when we couldn't be what we dreamed we were and everything was lost slowly but surely.
aeolian.bandcamp.com/album/memorious-earth-2
10. Ian William Craig: Cradle for the Wanting
If you were to hear angels singing to you at the end of your life while you drifted in and out of consciousness, it would probably sound a little like this.
And then, your transported across different dimensions that you didn't know existed before. The static in the atmosphere threatens to interfere but you refuse to let it have it's way. Instead, you float and make the clouds your playthings, elevated by quite a different sort of wavelength.
Craig's Cradle for the Waiting is uplifting and beautiful, a little slice of a postmodern heaven that is flawless because it has small impenetrable flaws like little cracks in the universe where the static creeps in so it just seems more realistic that way.
soundcloud.com/recitalprogram/ian-william-craig-habit-worn
11. Helen: The Original Faces
Anyone who is familiar with the music of Grouper is aware of the breathy and often drifty vocals of lead singer Liz Harris. With Helen, the songs pack more of a punch relative to her and they are aided by a poppy shoegaze texture that makes them as lush as they are loving. There are times even I have to admit I'm not in the mood for the lackadaisical stylings of Harris in Grouper but Helen is definitely easier to get behind. It also makes me think Harris might be developing more self confidence and a sense of an artist...wish she would come to Chicago to play and also, this time around, use a little more light.
www.kranky.net/artists/helen.html
12. William Basinski: Cascade
Cascade is an album that makes you also think a little bit about the dreamland that only exists between your waking life and your sleeping life. If you could create a level of subconscious with it's own soundtrack and inject a little bit of Cascade, you'd probably become a much more well balanced individual. This record leads to interesting dreams but also has a level of reassurance that is perfect for experiencing at the end of a long day. If it seems strange to describe an album as perfect to fall asleep to, realize you're reading the words of someone who has struggled on and off with insomnia for the last 20 years and is finally optimistic about my ability to fall asleep on a more regular basis. If you need an album like this, consider it a gift to you and to humanity. I'm so happy Basinski is alive and creating music.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5s-KLGVcTI
13. Sóley: Ask the Deep
Some people might thing that 13 is an unlucky number but maybe those people would still be enlightened by the music of Sóley Stefánsdóttir or Sóley for short. She put out some wonderful music with Seabear and Sin Fang and, now that she's a solo artist, she continues to show tremendous growth in her own singular journey as a musician. Sóley is creative and surely is contributing to positive aspects of our collective consciousness. There's something quite magical in Iceland that makes empowered female artists like her, Hildur Guðnadóttir, Kristín Anna Valtýsdóttir and so many more. Of course, Bjork also put out a great album called Vulnicura that didn't make this list but also comes highly recommended. I don't really feel the need to talk about albums you've probably already heard and heard of, though.
14. Allah-Las: Worship the Sun
Oh, I love garage rock and I crave garage rock to feel in this nice happy place sometimes when I need something with a little more structure than experimental drone music (which granted still has a substantial place in my life). Allah-Las probably aren't reinventing any wheels here but it's just so darn catchy and well put together that I love listening to this record. It takes me back to my former life as a sixties flower child when I didn't have a care in the world and I lay in the sun like a cat and listened to music all day. In some ways, this sounds like a found record from this period, in fact, instead of a 2015 release. There's a sense of authenticity to the sound even if the production is better than many records that came out in this decade. It would fit well on a Nuggets box set. Oh California, keep your wonderful music coming to this side of the country!
15. Wand: 1000 Days
Wand actually put out two albums this year and both are fantastic. Their first release of 2015, Golem, is much more heavy hitting than this lighter and brighter release. There's more of a psychedelic pop music influence here and it's quite weird as well as wonderful. These are songs to relish in, a grand adventure to an enlightened level of consciousness. You'll feel like you're on a blissful carpet ride you won't want to end for many moments! At other moments, there is still the heft of the former album Golem but it isn't as overpowering.
Honorable mentions:
Some other even more challenging and creative releases by female artists I liked this year:
Jenny Hval: Apocalypse Girl: jennyhval.com/
Holly Herndon: Platform: www.hollyherndon.com/
(Slightly more accessible): Briana Marela: All Around Us: www.brianamarela.com/
It has been so very, very hot that it's not surprising that he's sunbathing on this beach today. www.facebook.com/topiarycat
Gilbert Scott-Heron (April 1, 1949 – May 27, 2011) was an American soul and jazz poet, musician, and author, known primarily for his work as a spoken-word performer in the 1970s and 1980s. His collaborative efforts with musician Brian Jackson featured a musical fusion of jazz, blues, and soul, as well as lyrical content concerning social and political issues of the time, delivered in both rapping and melismatic vocal styles by Scott-Heron. His own term for himself was "bluesologist", which he defined as "a scientist who is concerned with the origin of the blues". His poem "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised", delivered over a jazz-soul beat, is considered a major influence on hip hop music.
His music, most notably on the albums Pieces of a Man and Winter in America in the early 1970s, influenced and foreshadowed later African-American music genres such as hip hop and neo soul. His recording work received much critical acclaim, especially for The Revolution Will Not Be Televised. AllMusic's John Bush called him "one of the most important progenitors of rap music", stating that "his aggressive, no-nonsense street poetry inspired a legion of intelligent rappers while his engaging songwriting skills placed him square in the R&B charts later in his career."
Scott-Heron remained active until his death, and in 2010 released his first new album in 16 years, entitled I'm New Here. A memoir he had been working on for years up to the time of his death, The Last Holiday, was published posthumously in January 2012. Scott-Heron received a posthumous Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2012. He also is included in the exhibits at the National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC) that officially opened on September 24, 2016, on the National Mall, and in an NMAAHC publication, Dream a World Anew. In 2021, Scott-Heron was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as a recipient of the Early Influence Award.
Gil Scott-Heron was born in Chicago, Illinois. His mother, Bobbie Scott, was an opera singer who performed with the Oratorio Society of New York. His father, Gil Heron, nicknamed "The Black Arrow," was a Jamaican footballer who in the 1950s became the first black man to play for Celtic Football Club in Glasgow, Scotland. Gil's parents separated in his early childhood and he was sent to live with his maternal grandmother, Lillie Scott, in Jackson, Tennessee. When Scott-Heron was 12 years old, his grandmother died and he returned to live with his mother in The Bronx in New York City. He enrolled at DeWitt Clinton High School, but later transferred to The Fieldston School, after impressing the head of the English department with some of his writings and earning a full scholarship. As one of five Black students at the prestigious school, Scott-Heron was faced with alienation and a significant socioeconomic gap. During his admissions interview at Fieldston, an administrator asked him: "'How would you feel if you see one of your classmates go by in a limousine while you're walking up the hill from the subway?' And [he] said, 'Same way as you. Y'all can't afford no limousine. How do you feel?'" This type of intractable boldness would become a hallmark of Scott-Heron's later recordings.
After completing his secondary education, Scott-Heron decided to attend Lincoln University in Pennsylvania because Langston Hughes (his most important literary influence) was an alumnus. It was here that Scott-Heron met Brian Jackson, with whom he formed the band Black & Blues. After about two years at Lincoln, Scott-Heron took a year off to write the novels The Vulture and The Nigger Factory. Scott-Heron was very heavily influenced by the Black Arts Movement (BAM). The Last Poets, a group associated with the Black Arts Movement, performed at Lincoln in 1969 and Abiodun Oyewole of that Harlem group said Scott-Heron asked him after the performance, "Listen, can I start a group like you guys?"[18] Scott-Heron returned to New York City, settling in Chelsea, Manhattan. The Vulture was published by the World Publishing Company in 1970 to positive reviews.
Although Scott-Heron never completed his undergraduate degree, he was admitted to the Writing Seminars at Johns Hopkins University, where he received an M.A. in creative writing in 1972. His master's thesis was titled Circle of Stone. Beginning in 1972, Scott-Heron taught literature and creative writing for several years as a full-time lecturer at University of the District of Columbia (then known as Federal City College) in Washington, D.C. while maintaining his music career.
Scott-Heron began his recording career with the LP Small Talk at 125th and Lenox in 1970. Bob Thiele of Flying Dutchman Records produced the album, and Scott-Heron was accompanied by Eddie Knowles and Charlie Saunders on conga and David Barnes on percussion and vocals. The album's 14 tracks dealt with themes such as the superficiality of television and mass consumerism, the hypocrisy of some would-be black revolutionaries, and white middle-class ignorance of the difficulties faced by inner-city residents. In the liner notes, Scott-Heron acknowledged as influences Richie Havens, John Coltrane, Otis Redding, Jose Feliciano, Billie Holiday, Langston Hughes, Malcolm X, Huey Newton, Nina Simone, and long-time collaborator Brian Jackson.
Scott-Heron's 1971 album Pieces of a Man used more conventional song structures than the loose, spoken-word feel of Small Talk. He was joined by Jackson, Johnny Pate as conductor, Ron Carter on bass and bass guitar, drummer Bernard "Pretty" Purdie, Burt Jones playing electric guitar, and Hubert Laws on flute and saxophone, with Thiele producing again. Scott-Heron's third album, Free Will, was released in 1972. Jackson, Purdie, Laws, Knowles, and Saunders all returned to play on Free Will and were joined by Jerry Jemmott playing bass, David Spinozza on guitar, and Horace Ott (arranger and conductor). Carter later said about Scott-Heron's voice: "He wasn't a great singer, but, with that voice, if he had whispered it would have been dynamic. It was a voice like you would have for Shakespeare."
In 1974, he recorded another collaboration with Brian Jackson, Winter in America, with Bob Adams on drums and Danny Bowens on bass. Winter in America has been regarded by many critics as the two musicians' most artistic effort. The following year, Scott-Heron and Jackson released Midnight Band: The First Minute of a New Day. In 1975, he released the single "Johannesburg", a rallying cry for the end of apartheid in South Africa. The song would be re-issued, in 12"-single form, together with "Waiting for the Axe to Fall" and "B-movie" in 1983.
A live album, It's Your World, followed in 1976 and a recording of spoken poetry, The Mind of Gil Scott-Heron, was released in 1978. Another success followed with the hit single "Angel Dust", which he recorded as a single with producer Malcolm Cecil. "Angel Dust" peaked at No. 15 on the R&B charts in 1978.
In 1979, Scott-Heron played at the No Nukes concerts at Madison Square Garden. The concerts were organized by Musicians United for Safe Energy to protest the use of nuclear energy following the Three Mile Island accident. Scott-Heron's song "We Almost Lost Detroit" was included in the No Nukes album of concert highlights. It alluded to a previous nuclear power plant accident and was also the title of a book by John G. Fuller. Scott-Heron was a frequent critic of President Ronald Reagan and his conservative policies.
Scott-Heron recorded and released four albums during the 1980s: 1980 and Real Eyes (1980), Reflections (1981) and Moving Target (1982). In February 1982, Ron Holloway joined the ensemble to play tenor saxophone. He toured extensively with Scott-Heron and contributed to his next album, Moving Target the same year. His tenor accompaniment is a prominent feature of the songs "Fast Lane" and "Black History/The World". Holloway continued with Scott-Heron until the summer of 1989, when he left to join Dizzy Gillespie. Several years later, Scott-Heron would make cameo appearances on two of Ron Holloway's CDs: Scorcher (1996) and Groove Update (1998), both on the Fantasy/Milestone label.
Scott-Heron was dropped by Arista Records in 1985 and quit recording, though he continued to tour. The same year he helped compose and sang "Let Me See Your I.D." on the Artists United Against Apartheid album Sun City, containing the famous line: "The first time I heard there was trouble in the Middle East, I thought they were talking about Pittsburgh." The song compares racial tensions in the U.S. with those in apartheid-era South Africa, implying that the U.S. was not too far ahead in race relations. In 1993, he signed to TVT Records and released Spirits, an album that included the seminal track "'Message to the Messengers". The first track on the album criticized the rap artists of the day. Scott-Heron is known in many circles as "the Godfather of rap" and is widely considered to be one of the genre's founding fathers. Given the political consciousness that lies at the foundation of his work, he can also be called a founder of political rap. "Message to the Messengers" was a plea for the new generation of rappers to speak for change rather than perpetuate the current social situation, and to be more articulate and artistic. Regarding hip hop music in the 1990s, he said in an interview:
They need to study music. I played in several bands before I began my career as a poet. There's a big difference between putting words over some music, and blending those same words into the music. There's not a lot of humor. They use a lot of slang and colloquialisms, and you don't really see inside the person. Instead, you just get a lot of posturing.
— Gil Scott-Heron
In 2001, Scott-Heron was sentenced to one to three years imprisonment in a New York State prison for possession of cocaine. While out of jail in 2002, he appeared on the Blazing Arrow album by Blackalicious. He was released on parole in 2003, the year BBC TV broadcast the documentary Gil Scott-Heron: The Revolution Will Not Be Televised—Scott-Heron was arrested for possession of a crack pipe during the editing of the film in October 2003 and received a six-month prison sentence.
On July 5, 2006, Scott-Heron was sentenced to two to four years in a New York State prison for violating a plea deal on a drug-possession charge by leaving a drug rehabilitation center. He claimed that he left because the clinic refused to supply him with HIV medication. This story led to the presumption that the artist was HIV positive, subsequently confirmed in a 2008 interview. Originally sentenced to serve until July 13, 2009, he was paroled on May 23, 2007.
After his release, Scott-Heron began performing live again, starting with a show at SOB's restaurant and nightclub in New York on September 13, 2007. On stage, he stated that he and his musicians were working on a new album and that he had resumed writing a book titled The Last Holiday, previously on long-term hiatus, about Stevie Wonder and his successful attempt to have the birthday of Martin Luther King Jr. declared a federally recognized holiday in the United States.
Malik Al Nasir dedicated a collection of poetry to Scott-Heron titled Ordinary Guy that contained a foreword by Jalal Mansur Nuriddin of The Last Poets. Scott-Heron recorded one of the poems in Nasir's book entitled Black & Blue in 2006.
In April 2009, on BBC Radio 4, poet Lemn Sissay presented a half-hour documentary on Gil Scott-Heron entitled Pieces of a Man, having interviewed Gil Scott-Heron in New York a month earlier. Pieces of a Man was the first UK announcement from Scott-Heron of his forthcoming album and return to form. In November 2009, the BBC's Newsnight interviewed Scott-Heron for a feature titled The Legendary Godfather of Rap Returns. In 2009, a new Gil Scott-Heron website, gilscottheron.net, was launched with a new track "Where Did the Night Go" made available as a free download from the site.
In 2010, Scott-Heron was booked to perform in Tel Aviv, Israel, but this attracted criticism from pro-Palestinian activists, who stated: "Your performance in Israel would be the equivalent to having performed in Sun City during South Africa's apartheid era... We hope that you will not play apartheid Israel". Scott-Heron responded by canceling the performance.
Scott-Heron released his album I'm New Here on independent label XL Recordings on February 9, 2010. Produced by XL label owner Richard Russell, I'm New Here was Scott-Heron's first studio album in 16 years. The pair started recording the album in 2007, with the majority of the record being recorded over the 12 months leading up to the release date with engineer Lawson White at Clinton Studios in New York. I'm New Here is 28 minutes long with 15 tracks; however, casual asides and observations collected during recording sessions are included as interludes.
The album attracted critical acclaim, with The Guardian's Jude Rogers declaring it one of the "best of the next decade", while some have called the record "reverent" and "intimate", due to Scott-Heron's half-sung, half-spoken delivery of his poetry. In a music review for public radio network NPR, Will Hermes stated: "Comeback records always worry me, especially when they're made by one of my heroes ... But I was haunted by this record ... He's made a record not without hope but which doesn't come with any easy or comforting answers. In that way, the man is clearly still committed to speaking the truth". Writing for music website Music OMH, Darren Lee provided a more mixed assessment of the album, describing it as rewarding and stunning, but he also states that the album's brevity prevents it "from being an unassailable masterpiece".
Scott-Heron described himself as a mere participant, in a 2010 interview with The New Yorker:
This is Richard's CD. My only knowledge when I got to the studio was how he seemed to have wanted this for a long time. You're in a position to have somebody do something that they really want to do, and it was not something that would hurt me or damage me—why not? All the dreams you show up in are not your own.
The remix version of the album, We're New Here, was released in 2011, featuring production by English musician Jamie xx, who reworked material from the original album. Like the original album, We're New Here received critical acclaim.
In April 2014, XL Recordings announced a third album from the I'm New Here sessions, titled Nothing New. The album consists of stripped-down piano and vocal recordings and was released in conjunction with Record Store Day on April 19, 2014.
Scott-Heron died on the afternoon of May 27, 2011, at St. Luke's Hospital, New York City, after becoming ill upon returning from a trip to Europe. Scott-Heron had confirmed previous press speculation about his health, when he disclosed in a 2008 New York Magazine interview that he had been HIV-positive for several years, and that he had been previously hospitalized for pneumonia.
He was survived by his firstborn daughter, Raquiyah "Nia" Kelly Heron, from his relationship with Pat Kelly; his son Rumal Rackley, from his relationship with Lurma Rackley; daughter Gia Scott-Heron, from his marriage to Brenda Sykes; and daughter Chegianna Newton, who was 13 years old at the time of her father's death. He is also survived by his sister Gayle; brother Denis Heron, who once managed Scott-Heron; his uncle, Roy Heron; and nephew Terrance Kelly, an actor and rapper who performs as Mr. Cheeks, and is a member of Lost Boyz.
Before his death, Scott-Heron had been in talks with Portuguese director Pedro Costa to participate in his film Horse Money as a screenwriter, composer and actor.
In response to Scott-Heron's death, Public Enemy's Chuck D stated "RIP GSH...and we do what we do and how we do because of you" on his Twitter account. His UK publisher, Jamie Byng, called him "one of the most inspiring people I've ever met". On hearing of the death, R&B singer Usher stated: "I just learned of the loss of a very important poet...R.I.P., Gil Scott-Heron. The revolution will be live!!". Richard Russell, who produced Scott-Heron's final studio album, called him a "father figure of sorts to me", while Eminem stated: "He influenced all of hip-hop". Lupe Fiasco wrote a poem about Scott-Heron that was published on his website.
Scott-Heron's memorial service was held at Riverside Church in New York City on June 2, 2011, where Kanye West performed "Lost in the World" and "Who Will Survive in America", two songs from West's album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. The studio album version of West's "Who Will Survive in America" features a spoken-word excerpt by Scott-Heron. Scott-Heron is buried at Kensico Cemetery in Westchester County in New York.
Scott-Heron was honored posthumously in 2012 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Charlotte Fox, member of the Washington, DC NARAS and president of Genesis Poets Music, nominated Scott-Heron for the award, while the letter of support came from Grammy award winner and Grammy Hall of Fame inductee Bill Withers.
Scott-Heron's memoir, The Last Holiday, was published in January 2012. In her review for the Los Angeles Times, professor of English and journalism Lynell George wrote:
The Last Holiday is as much about his life as it is about context, the theater of late 20th century America — from Jim Crow to the Reagan '80s and from Beale Street to 57th Street. The narrative is not, however, a rise-and-fall retelling of Scott-Heron's life and career. It doesn't connect all the dots. It moves off-the-beat, at its own speed ... This approach to revelation lends the book an episodic quality, like oral storytelling does. It winds around, it repeats itself.
At the time of Scott-Heron's death, a will could not be found to determine the future of his estate. Additionally, Raquiyah Kelly-Heron filed papers in Manhattan, New York's Surrogate's Court in August 2013, claiming that Rumal Rackley was not Scott-Heron's son and should therefore be omitted from matters concerning the musician's estate. According to the Daily News website, Rackley, Kelly-Heron and two other sisters have been seeking a resolution to the issue of the management of Scott-Heron's estate, as Rackley stated in court papers that Scott-Heron prepared him to be the eventual administrator of the estate. Scott-Heron's 1994 album Spirits was dedicated to "my son Rumal and my daughters Nia and Gia", and in court papers Rackley added that Scott-Heron "introduced me [Rackley] from the stage as his son".
In 2011, Rackley filed a suit against sister Gia Scott-Heron and her mother, Scott-Heron's first wife, Brenda Sykes, as he believed they had unfairly attained US$250,000 of Scott-Heron's money. The case was later settled for an undisclosed sum in early 2013; but the relationship between Rackley and Scott-Heron's two adult daughters already had become strained in the months after Gil's death. In her submission to the Surrogate's Court, Kelly-Heron states that a DNA test completed by Rackley in 2011—using DNA from Scott-Heron's brother—revealed that they "do not share a common male lineage", while Rackley has refused to undertake another DNA test since that time. A hearing to address Kelly-Heron's filing was scheduled for late August 2013, but by March 2016 further information on the matter was not publicly available.[69] Rackley still serves as court-appointed administrator for the estate, and donated material to the Smithsonian's new National Museum of African American History and Culture for Scott-Heron to be included among the exhibits and displays when the museum opened in September 2016. In December 2018, the Surrogate Court ruled that Rumal Rackley and his half sisters are all legal heirs.
According to the Daily News website, Kelly-Heron and two other sisters have been seeking a resolution to the issue of the management of Scott-Heron's estate. The case was decided in December 2018 with a ruling issued in May 2019.
Scott-Heron's work has influenced writers, academics and musicians, from indie rockers to rappers. His work during the 1970s influenced and helped engender subsequent African-American music genres, such as hip hop and neo soul. He has been described by music writers as "the godfather of rap" and "the black Bob Dylan".
Chicago Tribune writer Greg Kot comments on Scott-Heron's collaborative work with Jackson:
Together they crafted jazz-influenced soul and funk that brought new depth and political consciousness to '70s music alongside Marvin Gaye and Stevie Wonder. In classic albums such as 'Winter in America' and 'From South Africa to South Carolina,' Scott-Heron took the news of the day and transformed it into social commentary, wicked satire, and proto-rap anthems. He updated his dispatches from the front lines of the inner city on tour, improvising lyrics with an improvisational daring that matched the jazz-soul swirl of the music".
Of Scott-Heron's influence on hip hop, Kot writes that he "presag[ed] hip-hop and infus[ed] soul and jazz with poetry, humor and pointed political commentary". Ben Sisario of The New York Times writes that "He [Scott-Heron] preferred to call himself a "bluesologist", drawing on the traditions of blues, jazz and Harlem renaissance poetics". Tris McCall of The Star-Ledger writes that "The arrangements on Gil Scott-Heron's early recordings were consistent with the conventions of jazz poetry – the movement that sought to bring the spontaneity of live performance to the reading of verse". A music writer later noted that "Scott-Heron's unique proto-rap style influenced a generation of hip-hop artists", while The Washington Post wrote that "Scott-Heron's work presaged not only conscious rap and poetry slams, but also acid jazz, particularly during his rewarding collaboration with composer-keyboardist-flutist Brian Jackson in the mid- and late '70s". The Observer's Sean O'Hagan discussed the significance of Scott-Heron's music with Brian Jackson, stating:
Together throughout the 1970s, Scott-Heron and Jackson made music that reflected the turbulence, uncertainty and increasing pessimism of the times, merging the soul and jazz traditions and drawing on an oral poetry tradition that reached back to the blues and forward to hip-hop. The music sounded by turns angry, defiant and regretful while Scott-Heron's lyrics possessed a satirical edge that set them apart from the militant soul of contemporaries such as Marvin Gaye and Curtis Mayfield.
Will Layman of PopMatters wrote about the significance of Scott-Heron's early musical work:
In the early 1970s, Gil Scott-Heron popped onto the scene as a soul poet with jazz leanings; not just another Bill Withers, but a political voice with a poet's skill. His spoken-voice work had punch and topicality. "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised" and "Johannesburg" were calls to action: Stokely Carmichael if he'd had the groove of Ray Charles. 'The Bottle' was a poignant story of the streets: Richard Wright as sung by a husky-voiced Marvin Gaye. To paraphrase Chuck D, Gil Scott-Heron's music was a kind of CNN for black neighborhoods, prefiguring hip-hop by several years. It grew from the Last Poets, but it also had the funky swing of Horace Silver or Herbie Hancock—or Otis Redding. Pieces of a Man and Winter in America (collaborations with Brian Jackson) were classics beyond category".
Scott-Heron's influence over hip hop is primarily exemplified by his definitive single "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised", sentiments from which have been explored by various rappers, including Aesop Rock, Talib Kweli and Common. In addition to his vocal style, Scott-Heron's indirect contributions to rap music extend to his and co-producer Jackson's compositions, which have been sampled by various hip-hop artists. "We Almost Lost Detroit" was sampled by Brand Nubian member Grand Puba ("Keep On"), Native Tongues duo Black Star ("Brown Skin Lady"), and MF Doom ("Camphor"). Additionally, Scott-Heron's 1980 song "A Legend in His Own Mind" was sampled on Mos Def's "Mr. Nigga", the opening lyrics from his 1978 recording "Angel Dust" were appropriated by rapper RBX on the 1996 song "Blunt Time" by Dr. Dre, and CeCe Peniston's 2000 song "My Boo" samples Scott-Heron's 1974 recording "The Bottle".
In addition to the Scott-Heron excerpt used in "Who Will Survive in America", Kanye West sampled Scott-Heron and Jackson's "Home is Where the Hatred Is" and "We Almost Lost Detroit" for the songs "My Way Home" and "The People", respectively, both of which are collaborative efforts with Common. Scott-Heron, in turn, acknowledged West's contributions, sampling the latter's 2007 single "Flashing Lights" on his final album, 2010's I'm New Here.
Scott-Heron admitted ambivalence regarding his association with rap, remarking in 2010 in an interview for the Daily Swarm: "I don't know if I can take the blame for [rap music]".[81] As New York Times writer Sisario explained, he preferred the moniker of "bluesologist". Referring to reviews of his last album and references to him as the "godfather of rap", Scott-Heron said: "It's something that's aimed at the kids ... I have kids, so I listen to it. But I would not say it's aimed at me. I listen to the jazz station." In 2013, Chattanooga rapper Isaiah Rashad recorded an unofficial mixtape called Pieces of a Kid, which was greatly influenced by Heron's debut album Pieces of a Man.
Following Scott-Heron's funeral in 2011, a tribute from publisher, record company owner, poet, and music producer Malik Al Nasir was published on The Guardian's website, titled "Gil Scott-Heron saved my life".
In the 2018 film First Man, Scott-Heron is a minor character and is played by soul singer Leon Bridges.
He is one of eight significant people shown in mosaic at the 167th Street renovated subway station on the Grand Concourse in the Bronx that reopened in 2019.
I went out to Missouri last week to give a talk about Woodstock to a college class. I was gonna go to Round Top, Texas to buy photographs, but I was worried about my sister in North Carolina (but that's better now, a bit --- i'm not so worried now, and I'm gonna help her and her friends (she has a few) are gonna help her and it's gonna be all right, I hope) and so I decided to come on back to North Carolina early. I was already a bit bummed out, because this is also the weekend of the New York Photo Show, and there was this party I was invited to, where all the Big-Time Vernacular Photo Collectors from around the country were invited, Nicholas Osborn and Robert Flynn Johnson and Robert Jackson and Peter Cohen and John Boring (Jack Mord of flickr fame) Erin Waters and Stacy Waldman and a host of others, and, well, I've got an ego, and I'd kinda like to be seen as being a player, like those guys and girls are players. I mean, I may not be Lou Gehrig or Grover Cleveland Alexander, and I'm certainly not Babe Ruth, but I'd like to think I could at least sit on the bench in the clubhouse while those guys are up taking their swings.
So anyway, I didn't go to Texas, and I didn't go to New York City, and I was feeling a little sorry for myself. I was going to miss out on being seen as a Big-Time Cheese in the Vernacular Photo Collecting World. I decided to at least take a leisurely drive back to North Carolina, by way of some Missouri River towns, where I might find some photos, and Kentucky and Tennessee and Georgia. I knew I would find a few photos in Georgia, because I was going somewhere where somebody had some saved up for me to look at. But that would be like shooting fish in a barrel, so that didn't count.
Anyway, I left Kansas City on Thursday morning, March 29th, 2012, headed for Rocheport, Missouri, and then points east. I had a hotel room reserved in a (proved to be) somewhat seedy roadside motel in Marion, Illinois. I hoped to find a few photos along the way. I wanted to go to Rocheport because it was in Rocheport that I met a fellow named Richard Saunders, twelve or fifteen years ago, and it was out of the mouth of Richard Saunders that I first heard the word "Brimfield," and Brimfield has been rich in my photo-collecting life, where I have bought great photographs, and met wonderful people, and been happy, and, uh, parted with more than a little of my heard unearned geld.
But anyway, when I got to Rocheport, well, things happened, and it wasn't that long after I got there that I was sitting in this woman's living room, the woman who's a young girl in this little photobooth, Mary Louise (she probably wouldn't mind if I told you her last name --- it's Irish, like O'Connell or O'Malley or O'Ketchup, something like that. But not one of those. And she's not that much Irish. She's "three-fourths French." She told me that four or five times.) She wouldn't mind if I told you, but I told her I wouldn't tell you, so I won't tell you. But if you go to Rocheport and tell people you're looking for Mary Louise people will point you down the street to her house, and probably in no time you'll be sitting on a couch in her living room (might help to tell her you're a friend of mine), looking at some of her family photos. I don't know if she'll give you a glass of iced tea. She didn't give me a glass of iced tea, but I think we were too excited, looking at her photographs. She said she was busy and she had things to do and maybe she was trying to get me to leave, voluntarily, but we must have looked at a couple of thousand photographs more after she said that. I think she went and got some more. When I was leaving, she said she hadn't made supper, so she couldn't feed me. She gave me a devil's food chocolate cupcake with some German chocolate icing on top. Maybe she'll give you a cupcake.
For the half-marathon (21.1 km) results and photos...here are the local (Ottawa & area) participants -- sorted by cities and first name -- in the September 19, 2010, Canada Army Run held in Ottawa, Ontario. There were 5,452 runners in the 21.1 km race. Thank-you to Sportstats.
Click here and enter the bib numbers for the full individual race results.
Enter the bib numbers for race photos here.
Lists of local half-marathon race participants:
Part A. Ottawa (Click here.)
Part B. Other Communities (Alexandria to Navan) (see below)
Part C. Other Communities (Nepean to Woodlawn) (Click here.)
Part B:
2262…Cathy Maclean…..Alexandria
6383…John Zawada…..Alexandria
5960…Sue Duval…..Alexandria
1898…Marc Pominville…..Alfred
1330…Adam Hamilton…..Almonte
4284…Al Jones…..Almonte
6326…Alyssa Flaherty-Spence…..Almonte
4331…Bob Mosher…..Almonte
4272…Bob Thomson…..Almonte
5135…Brenda Swrjeski…..Almonte
3318…Christina Kealey…..Almonte
4509…Daphne Lainson…..Almonte
4201…Elaine Azulay…..Almonte
1145…Jenny Sheffield…..Almonte
4483…Judi Sutherland…..Almonte
918…Kathleen Everett…..Almonte
3826…Linda Melbrew…..Almonte
1423…Mark Blaskie…..Almonte
5011…Sherry Burke…..Almonte
5956…Tanya Yuill…..Almonte
3173…Bette-Anne Dodge…..Arnprior
2116…Cody Wise…..Arnprior
1093…Constance Palubiskie…..Arnprior
339…Emily Sheffield…..Arnprior
2067…Jaclyn Patry…..Arnprior
1317…Jane Dowd…..Arnprior
3849…Keri-Lyn Young…..Arnprior
2229…Kevin Smallshaw…..Arnprior
4945…Laura Stellato…..Arnprior
5325…Lynda Jamieson…..Arnprior
4990…Stephen West…..Arnprior
3809…Tara Beselaere…..Arnprior
447…Tracey Harrod…..Arnprior
2255…Mark Peterkins…..Ashton
5359…Paul Burke…..Ashton
3637…Shelley Rossetti…..Ashton
5603…Angela Hartley…..Athens
1188…Christina Ward…..Athens
2703…Desirae Heine…..Athens
981…Heather Johnston…..Athens
3268…Kevin Hartley…..Athens
2379…Annie Delisle…..Aylmer
4017…Chelsea Honeyman…..Aylmer
212…David Michaud…..Aylmer
4216…Francois Camire…..Aylmer
3773…Gerald Lewis…..Aylmer
3871…Julie Reska…..Aylmer
4218…Philippe Camire…..Aylmer
2419…Steve Faulkner…..Aylmer
2740…Alison Seely…..Beachburg
6424…Jacquelyn Macgregor…..Beachburg
1320…Lara Mylly…..Beachburg
364…Michelle Ward…..Beachburg
4416…Natalie Frodsham…..Beachburg
1695…Scott Blain…..Beachburg
2292…Wanda Gagnon…..Beachburg
1004…Luc Lalonde…..Bourget
2875…Pierre Lacasse…..Bourget
5307…Stephen Barry Plotz…..Brockviile
4940…Brenda Young…..Brockville
5346…Brian Kendel…..Brockville
4240…David Cavanagh…..Brockville
4939…Katelyn Cormier…..Brockville
4970…Monica Griffin…..Brockville
5186…Ruth McFarlane…..Brockville
5137…Sheila Appleton…..Brockville
6195…Tina Melbourne…..Brockville
3723…Lynda Cavanagh…..Brockvillle
3087…Clayton Cameron…..Brooklin
5146…Benoit Gosselin…..Cantley
6294…Camille Flipot…..Cantley
4937…Charles Francoeur…..Cantley
6335…Daryl Hargitt…..Cantley
4371…Helene Legault - Cote…..Cantley
6295…Jacky Lepeintre…..Cantley
663…Luc Rodier…..Cantley
1769…Mark Avon…..Cantley
4221…Patricia Robertson…..Cantley
2277…Rene Morin…..Cantley
5401…Richard Bisson…..Cantley
6237…Sylvie Rioux…..Cantley
5212…Danny Gagne…..Cardinal
2575…Stephen Bygott…..Cardinal
1656…Bill Bowers…..Carleton Place
449…Boyd Lemna…..Carleton Place
2520…Cheryl Smith…..Carleton Place
450…Christine Lemna…..Carleton Place
6103…Eric Gervais…..Carleton Place
156…Ivan Straznicky…..Carleton Place
2525…Jennifer Andress…..Carleton Place
5403…Jennifer Blackburn…..Carleton Place
280…Jennifer Derksen…..Carleton Place
541…Jodi Beyer…..Carleton Place
3246…John Graham…..Carleton Place
1722…Kerry Powell…..Carleton Place
991…Leanna Knox…..Carleton Place
148…Lee Warywoda…..Carleton Place
1448…Lois Ann Graham…..Carleton Place
5322…M Smith…..Carleton Place
1449…Mac Graham…..Carleton Place
440…Mary Anne Melvin…..Carleton Place
2595…Murray Dawes…..Carleton Place
3325…Roger Kinsman…..Carleton Place
5822…Ron Romain…..Carleton Place
73…Steve Pentz…..Carleton Place
2287…Timothy Day…..Carleton Place
2868…Tom Kemp…..Carleton Place
4931…Tracy Pentz…..Carleton Place
1655…Trent Bowers…..Carleton Place
4922…Kathleen Mongeon…..Carlsbad Springs
5133…Alain Drainville…..Carp
5067…Alison Green…..Carp
4047…Anna Li…..Carp
1235…Carol O'malley…..Carp
4619…Dayle Mulligan…..Carp
6303…Elizabeth Anvari…..Carp
3201…Elysa Esposito…..Carp
1536…Eric Janveaux…..Carp
3483…Gerard Rumleskie…..Carp
5427…Hans Buser…..Carp
2969…Ileana Tierney…..Carp
682…Jed Byrtus…..Carp
81…Marc Brisebois…..Carp
4544…Olivia Nixon…..Carp
4014…Raina Ho…..Carp
1429…Raymond Moffatt…..Carp
4803…Stephanie Cowan…..Carp
1510…Tracy Shouldice…..Carp
5216…Paul Jarmul…..Cary
1165…Bob Sweetlove…..Casselman
2720…Caroline Ranger…..Casselman
2152…Gillian Castonguay…..Casselman
5880…Mary Sweetlove…..Casselman
2374…Maurice Bonneville…..Casselman
4754…Michelle Phillips…..Casselman
2226…Richard Kosnaskie…..Casselman
2766…Andy Best…..Chalk River
2725…Brian Jozefowicz…..Chalk River
471…Janine Forcier…..Chalk River
6201…Jayson Murray…..Chalk River
1584…Michelle Cameron…..Chalk River
6252…Willard Smith…..Chalk River
2787…Ariane Brunet…..Chelsea
1974…Barbara Falardeau…..Chelsea
2230…Brad Smith…..Chelsea
1583…Catherine Verreault…..Chelsea
360…Christine Tardiff…..Chelsea
108…Daniel Olson…..Chelsea
2553…David Hearnden…..Chelsea
1930…David Hetherington…..Chelsea
529…Dodie Payne…..Chelsea
3294…Ian Hunter…..Chelsea
6099…James Galipeau…..Chelsea
2758…Jeff Bardsley…..Chelsea
2584…John Fahey…..Chelsea
1581…Lisa Kinloch…..Chelsea
1430…Lise Marshall…..Chelsea
256…Marie Ethier-Roy…..Chelsea
5316…Michelle Caesar Findlater…..Chelsea
5411…Murielle Brazeau…..Chelsea
6468…Phil Wright…..Chelsea
3070…Raymond Brunet…..Chelsea
8…Richard Gilker…..Chelsea
6467…Sarah Hebert…..Chelsea
5143…Serge Couture…..Chelsea
5420…Sophie Brunet…..Chelsea
189…Yvan Dion…..Chelsea
1622…Matthew Campbell…..Chesterville
1672…Sarah Derks…..Chesterville
1778…James Thibault…..Clarence Rockland
1458…Donelda Pleau…..Constance Bay
2441…Lee Saunders…..Constance Bay
3215…Abigail Fontaine…..Cornwall
2634…Andre Brunet…..Cornwall
6479…Carolyn McIntosh…..Cornwall
4097…Cathy Richer…..Cornwall
4276…Christine Marceau…..Cornwall
5328…Elizabeth Wattie…..Cornwall
4228…Gilles Gagnier…..Cornwall
4965…Jennifer Deschamps…..Cornwall
6079…Jessica Eamer…..Cornwall
2455…Jill Grant…..Cornwall
4412…Joanne Filliol…..Cornwall
2953…John St. Marseille…..Cornwall
4011…Kathleen Hay…..Cornwall
4930…Lise Irwin…..Cornwall
834…Marc Besner…..Cornwall
2683…Marc Poirier…..Cornwall
266…Marilyn Rand…..Cornwall
3795…Mike Cowden…..Cornwall
3118…Patrick Clarke…..Cornwall
2506…Sandra Contant…..Cornwall
200…Scott Heath…..Cornwall
6435…Sharron Miller…..Cornwall
756…Shawn Crockett…..Cornwall
5662…Stacie King…..Cornwall
5318…Tanya Deeks…..Cornwall
3454…Terry Quenneville…..Cornwall
1335…Thomas Leroux…..Cornwall
4929…Yvonne Commodore…..Cornwall
5952…Melissa Wren…..Cumberland
2138…Rich Boughen…..Cumberland
517…Shelley Slocombe…..Cumberland
159…Ted Lowther…..Cumberland
1961…Greg Mark…..Deep River
5863…John Speirs…..Deep River
1311…Murray Wright…..Deep River
810…Norman Spinks…..Deep River
5371…Christine Andrus…..Dunrobin
4232…Debra Gassewitz…..Dunrobin
5458…Gordon Colquhoun…..Dunrobin
5484…James Dalziel…..Dunrobin
3088…Janet Campbell…..Dunrobin
1511…Jennifer Damiano…..Dunrobin
811…Joanne Montgomery…..Dunrobin
4838…Laurie Spratt…..Dunrobin
5009…Linda Dillon…..Dunrobin
692…Lois Jacobs…..Dunrobin
2078…Marnie Armstrong…..Dunrobin
1625…Matt Gassewitz…..Dunrobin
2515…Neil Wright…..Dunrobin
5459…Pamela Colquhoun…..Dunrobin
2355…Paul Lefebvre…..Dunrobin
2079…Robert Armstrong…..Dunrobin
1802…Wayne Carroll…..Dunrobin
3786…Ben Prince…..Edwards
381…Erin Searson Clouthier…..Eganville
1565…Mike Searson…..Eganville
6073…Garrett Doreleyers…..Elgin
4372…Marianne Lowry…..Elgin
4363…Shannon Clair…..Elgin
2612…Andy Dalcourt…..Embrun
1214…Bertran Labonte…..Embrun
1742…Camilien Lamadeleine…..Embrun
5155…Caroline Poulin…..Embrun
453…Cheryl Desroches…..Embrun
1471…David Ryan…..Embrun
188…Eric Deschamps…..Embrun
639…Guy Gingras…..Embrun
742…Helene Desormeau…..Embrun
2735…Helose Sirois-Leclerc…..Embrun
4510…James Thompson-Slaven…..Embrun
672…Katherine Krenn…..Embrun
1455…Marc Courneyea…..Embrun
4367…Martine Quinn…..Embrun
65…Pierre Boulay…..Embrun
3900…Rachelle Quinn…..Embrun
4290…Richard Quinn…..Embrun
1286…Robert Butler…..Embrun
5692…Robert Lindsay…..Embrun
1976…Roxane Belanger…..Embrun
4204…Stephane Gregoire…..Embrun
5388…Sylvie Beauchamp…..Embrun
775…Yolande Dalcourt…..Embrun
5422…Jay Buhr…..Finch
569…Jean-Luc Leonard…..Finch
4082…Glenda O'rourke…..Fitzroy Harbour
5828…Denise Roy…..Fournier
433…Gregory Long…..Gananoque
5147…Jason Lapierre…..Gananoque
434…Kiera Long…..Gananoque
671…Laura Cunningham…..Gananoque
3985…Pierre Doucette…..Gananoque
985…Steacy Kavaner…..Gananoque
1732…Walter Gamblin…..Gananoque
2400…Adeline Germain…..Gatineau
4806…Agathe Binette…..Gatineau
5302…Alain Bergeron…..Gatineau
2530…Alain Gilbert…..Gatineau
2109…Alex Gagne…..Gatineau
5156…Alex Wright…..Gatineau
3867…Alexander Schwab…..Gatineau
6434…Alexandra Miglietta…..Gatineau
2774…Alexandre Boudreault…..Gatineau
2443…Alexandre Larocque…..Gatineau
3581…Alexandria Wilson…..Gatineau
5947…Allan Wilson…..Gatineau
3907…Andree Laflamme…..Gatineau
1859…Andree Soucy…..Gatineau
550…Andrew Roach…..Gatineau
1993…Anelise Alarcon-Moreno…..Gatineau
4600…Anik Lalonde…..Gatineau
4700…Ankica Djurcic-Jovan…..Gatineau
3764…Anne Pilote…..Gatineau
2800…Anne-Marie Chapman…..Gatineau
5982…Anne-Michele Alain-Noel…..Gatineau
1808…Annie Cloutier…..Gatineau
4773…Annie Guillette…..Gatineau
1763…Annie Lambert…..Gatineau
113…Anthony Chartier…..Gatineau
803…Antoine Langlois…..Gatineau
4631…Antoine Parker…..Gatineau
367…Audrey Vezina Manzo…..Gatineau
5562…Augusto Gamero…..Gatineau
555…Barnabe Ndarishikanye…..Gatineau
4592…Barry Wood…..Gatineau
2150…Benoit Carbonneau…..Gatineau
2842…Benoit Gagnon…..Gatineau
5570…Benoit Genest…..Gatineau
1576…Benoit Guerette…..Gatineau
3018…Bernard Audy…..Gatineau
4844…Bernard Labine…..Gatineau
2708…Blair Mehan…..Gatineau
3977…Brenda Cox…..Gatineau
5327…Brian Piche…..Gatineau
3636…Brigitte Hubert…..Gatineau
1639…Bruno Castonguay…..Gatineau
1631…Carlos Pinera…..Gatineau
1522…Carole Varin…..Gatineau
3724…Caroline Dulude…..Gatineau
5297…Caroline Sauve…..Gatineau
3522…Caroline St-Pierre…..Gatineau
3182…Carolyne Dube…..Gatineau
6470…Catherine Belair-Noel…..Gatineau
668…Catherine Pelletier…..Gatineau
654…Caty Lebreux…..Gatineau
2811…Celine Couture…..Gatineau
1023…Chad Levac…..Gatineau
4845…Chantal Henri…..Gatineau
2743…Chris Duplain…..Gatineau
2777…Christian Bourgeois…..Gatineau
1220…Christian F. Courtemanche…..Gatineau
2113…Christian Jacques…..Gatineau
6415…Christian Renaud…..Gatineau
623…Christian Robert…..Gatineau
5261…Christian Rousseau…..Gatineau
6034…Christina Chirip…..Gatineau
6037…Christine Chouinard…..Gatineau
3901…Christine Hearn…..Gatineau
2136…Christine Vasseur…..Gatineau
5126…Christopher Daniel…..Gatineau
2352…Cinthia Lepine…..Gatineau
2300…Claude Laramee…..Gatineau
1336…Claude Wauthier…..Gatineau
2613…Craig Beckett…..Gatineau
5815…Cristiano Rezende…..Gatineau
3673…Cynthia Savard…..Gatineau
1629…Cyr Lavoie…..Gatineau
946…Dani Grandmaitre…..Gatineau
1815…Daniel Grenier…..Gatineau
6133…Danny Jeannot…..Gatineau
61…Dany Beliveau…..Gatineau
4111…Darya Shapka…..Gatineau
1426…David Blais…..Gatineau
1813…David Currie…..Gatineau
6327…Denis Fugere…..Gatineau
2053…Denis Ladouceur…..Gatineau
4755…Dominique Babin…..Gatineau
1933…Dominique Bernier…..Gatineau
6043…Dominique Cornut…..Gatineau
137…Doug Welsby…..Gatineau
4758…Elaine Laroche…..Gatineau
4598…Elizabeth Sousa…..Gatineau
5627…Emmanuelle Hupe…..Gatineau
6074…Eric Doyon…..Gatineau
2015…Eric Guay…..Gatineau
557…Eric Patry…..Gatineau
1147…Eric Silins…..Gatineau
1237…Estelle Marcoux…..Gatineau
245…Felix Noel…..Gatineau
3856…France Gelinas…..Gatineau
1301…Francois Dionne…..Gatineau
2476…Francois Gagnon…..Gatineau
5673…Francois Laferriere…..Gatineau
6407…Francois Roy…..Gatineau
6374…Francois Toulouse…..Gatineau
3537…Frederic Thibault-Chabot…..Gatineau
6398…Frederick Lafreniere…..Gatineau
1892…Gaetan Lafrance…..Gatineau
585…Genevieve Bolduc…..Gatineau
255…Genevieve Fontaine…..Gatineau
2166…Gerald Turmel…..Gatineau
722…Ghislain St-Laurent…..Gatineau
2160…Gilles Brazeau…..Gatineau
1514…Gilles-Philippe Pronovost…..Gatineau
5596…Gilly Griffin…..Gatineau
2484…Grant Collier…..Gatineau
151…Greg Soucy…..Gatineau
5870…Greg Stainton…..Gatineau
5466…Guy Corneau…..Gatineau
2820…Guy Desjardins…..Gatineau
669…Guylaine Brunet…..Gatineau
334…Heather Escalante…..Gatineau
2343…Helene Le Scelleur…..Gatineau
4725…Helene Tremblay-Allen…..Gatineau
1209…Herve Morissette…..Gatineau
2580…Hugo Trudel…..Gatineau
6025…Isabelle Caron…..Gatineau
3414…Isabelle Moses…..Gatineau
768…Isabelle Phaneuf…..Gatineau
2964…Isabelle Teolis…..Gatineau
2032…Isabelle Veilleux…..Gatineau
4761…J.-F. Gagne…..Gatineau
2350…Jacques De Guille…..Gatineau
1258…James Buell…..Gatineau
2933…Jean-Francois Pouliotte…..Gatineau
2439…Jean-Pascal Paris…..Gatineau
191…Jean-Philippe Dumont…..Gatineau
4824…Jean-Pierre Plouffe…..Gatineau
4326…Jennifer Scarizzi…..Gatineau
1893…Jerome Belanger-Cote…..Gatineau
3580…Jinny Williamson…..Gatineau
1541…Joanne Leblond…..Gatineau
1253…Johanne Audet…..Gatineau
6090…Johanne Finn…..Gatineau
92…Johnny Lemieux…..Gatineau
939…Jonathan Gilbert…..Gatineau
3915…Josee Charette…..Gatineau
5670…Josee Labonte…..Gatineau
1303…Josee Patry…..Gatineau
3739…Judith Parisien…..Gatineau
3619…Julie Breton…..Gatineau
3689…Julie Damboise…..Gatineau
767…Julie Defoy…..Gatineau
897…Julie Demers…..Gatineau
5797…Julie Piche…..Gatineau
5026…Julie-Anne Labonte…..Gatineau
5016…Julien Dufort-Lemay…..Gatineau
5683…Karine Leblond…..Gatineau
1409…Karine Pellerin…..Gatineau
414…Katia Audet…..Gatineau
4139…Katie Webster…..Gatineau
3817…Krista Benoit…..Gatineau
6211…Langis Parise…..Gatineau
4813…Lee Petrin…..Gatineau
882…Lissa Comtois-Silins…..Gatineau
2601…Livain Michaud…..Gatineau
778…Lori Mousseau…..Gatineau
4041…Louis Christophe Laurence…..Gatineau
26…Louis Duchesne…..Gatineau
718…Louis Dupont…..Gatineau
6120…Louis Hebert…..Gatineau
3510…Louis Simon…..Gatineau
2775…Louise Boudreault…..Gatineau
924…Louise Fortier…..Gatineau
3654…Louise Rousseau…..Gatineau
2081…Luc Beaudoin…..Gatineau
1798…Luc Perrier…..Gatineau
11…Luc Santerre…..Gatineau
5694…Lucie Lalonde…..Gatineau
502…Lynda Beaudoin…..Gatineau
2500…Lyne Cholette…..Gatineau
234…Lynn Melancon…..Gatineau
3869…Maja Muharemagic…..Gatineau
5485…Manon Damboise…..Gatineau
1003…Manon Laliberte…..Gatineau
3421…Marc Andre Nault…..Gatineau
4862…Marc Belanger…..Gatineau
5171…Marc Champagne…..Gatineau
4370…Marc Dureau…..Gatineau
5043…Marc Lacerte…..Gatineau
776…Marc Mousseau…..Gatineau
6471…Marc Noel…..Gatineau
1302…Marc Parisien…..Gatineau
1319…Marc Tremblay…..Gatineau
5687…Marc-Etienne Lesieur…..Gatineau
1997…Marcia Jones…..Gatineau
4085…Maria Petropoulos…..Gatineau
4534…Marie Rodrigue…..Gatineau
6117…Marie-France Harvey…..Gatineau
3779…Marie-France Rault…..Gatineau
1421…Marie-Josee Desroches…..Gatineau
437…Marie-Michele Clement…..Gatineau
1860…Mario Dupuis…..Gatineau
3857…Mario Ouellet…..Gatineau
6428…Mark Ellison…..Gatineau
1644…Mark Laviolette…..Gatineau
7…Mark Schindel…..Gatineau
1573…Mark Stocksley…..Gatineau
1254…Martin Corriveau…..Gatineau
2052…Martin Dompierre…..Gatineau
2995…Martin Freniere…..Gatineau
999…Martin Labelle…..Gatineau
4907…Martin Labine…..Gatineau
406…Martin Laforest…..Gatineau
1692…Martin Leduc…..Gatineau
308…Martine Pellerin…..Gatineau
5262…Maryse Mercier…..Gatineau
398…Maryse Robert…..Gatineau
6087…Mateo Farfan…..Gatineau
6236…Mathieu Rioux…..Gatineau
1736…Mathieu Sayeur…..Gatineau
5119…Mathieu Tremblay…..Gatineau
590…Mathilde Cote…..Gatineau
562…Maude Lavoie…..Gatineau
1887…Maurice Tremblay…..Gatineau
3908…Maxim Bellemare…..Gatineau
2724…Maxime Brinck-Croteau…..Gatineau
1558…Melanie Desmarais…..Gatineau
5042…Melanie Gauthier…..Gatineau
5121…Melanie Mercier…..Gatineau
4864…Mia Overduin…..Gatineau
2428…Michel Biage…..Gatineau
1767…Michel Brown…..Gatineau
28…Michel Emond…..Gatineau
1363…Michel Lessard…..Gatineau
3395…Michel Mercier…..Gatineau
162…Michel Ouellet…..Gatineau
5852…Michele Simpson…..Gatineau
685…Michelle Hartery…..Gatineau
1852…Miguel Gagnon…..Gatineau
1120…Mika Raja…..Gatineau
2843…Mikaly Gagnon…..Gatineau
5319…Mike Hotte…..Gatineau
4865…Miriam Lopez-Arbour…..Gatineau
2014…Myriam Godin…..Gatineau
405…Nadia Lavallee…..Gatineau
3301…Nancy Jean…..Gatineau
857…Natalie Brun Del Re…..Gatineau
5419…Nathalie Brunet…..Gatineau
2157…Nicolas Chalifoux…..Gatineau
1480…Nicolas Gagnon…..Gatineau
4680…Nicole Boudreau…..Gatineau
494…Nizar Ayoub…..Gatineau
219…Noel Paine…..Gatineau
777…Olivier Beauchamp…..Gatineau
93…Olivier Lebeau…..Gatineau
125…Pascal Laforest…..Gatineau
3548…Pascal Tremblay…..Gatineau
1547…Pascale Therriault…..Gatineau
6031…Pat Charron…..Gatineau
310…Patrice Forget…..Gatineau
6323…Patrick Duplain…..Gatineau
1640…Patrick Gauthier…..Gatineau
4479…Patty Soles…..Gatineau
1902…Paul Beland…..Gatineau
1946…Paul Eagan…..Gatineau
3244…Paul Gould…..Gatineau
2039…Paul Shea…..Gatineau
6240…Paul-Emile Roy…..Gatineau
5232…Peggy Duarte…..Gatineau
464…Philippe Boutin…..Gatineau
1785…Philippe Lajeunesse…..Gatineau
1488…Pierre Francois Blais…..Gatineau
4134…Pierre Villeneuve…..Gatineau
2789…Ray Burke…..Gatineau
4401…Raymond Desjardins…..Gatineau
594…Raymonde D'amour…..Gatineau
5672…Rejean Lacroix…..Gatineau
1949…Renaud Dunn…..Gatineau
2147…Rene Chabot…..Gatineau
1900…Rene Hatem…..Gatineau
3642…Renee Leblanc…..Gatineau
5991…Richard Audet…..Gatineau
5…Rick Whitford…..Gatineau
3107…Robert Chasse…..Gatineau
6492…Said Irene…..Gatineau
4099…Sandra Roberts…..Gatineau
3556…Sanjay Vachali…..Gatineau
2593…Sean Boushel…..Gatineau
4239…Selena Grinham…..Gatineau
3635…Serge Boucher…..Gatineau
4863…Serge Dussault…..Gatineau
4716…Serge Guindon…..Gatineau
1952…Shawn Robertson…..Gatineau
5743…Shelley Milton…..Gatineau
4336…Shelley Moody…..Gatineau
4480…Somphane Souksanh…..Gatineau
3001…Sonja Adcock…..Gatineau
1467…Sophie Gauvreau…..Gatineau
1524…Sophie Martel…..Gatineau
5407…Stephane Boudrias…..Gatineau
1146…Stephane Siegrist…..Gatineau
561…Stephane Sirard…..Gatineau
500…Stephanie McMullen…..Gatineau
4262…Stephanie Racine…..Gatineau
4108…Stephanie Seguin…..Gatineau
1638…Steve Roussin…..Gatineau
2971…Steves Tousignant…..Gatineau
1148…Susie Simard…..Gatineau
1333…Susi-Paula Gaudencio…..Gatineau
3456…Suzanne Ramsay…..Gatineau
2718…Sylvain Michaud…..Gatineau
1373…Sylvain Sirois…..Gatineau
6371…Tamara Thibeault…..Gatineau
4604…Tammy Rose…..Gatineau
461…Tanya Tobin…..Gatineau
2915…Tayeb Mesbah…..Gatineau
1428…Tena Gallichon…..Gatineau
2943…Terry Sancartier…..Gatineau
4169…Thanh Loan Nguyen…..Gatineau
3930…Tudor Banea…..Gatineau
383…Valerie Morin…..Gatineau
3848…Veronique Simoneau…..Gatineau
4889…Vincent Bolduc…..Gatineau
6227…Vincent Proulx…..Gatineau
5838…Wayne Saunders…..Gatineau
419…Wendy Larose…..Gatineau
4807…Yvan Laforest…..Gatineau
6400…Yves Lafreniere…..Gatineau
1777…Yves Saint-Germain…..Gatineau
1726…Yves Theriault…..Gatineau
5607…Zachary Healy…..Gatineau
1685…Zahida Assari…..Gatineau
4830…Zoe Couture…..Gatineau
3921…Alex Miles…..Gloucester
5476…Allan Crisford…..Gloucester
1364…Amy O'reilly…..Gloucester
5453…Belinda Coballe…..Gloucester
3582…Cam Wilson…..Gloucester
879…Catherine Clifford…..Gloucester
942…Cathy Gould…..Gloucester
3658…Chanel Huard…..Gloucester
4650…Daniel McGarry…..Gloucester
4128…Danielle Thibeault…..Gloucester
1676…Darren White…..Gloucester
5481…Dave Currie…..Gloucester
6265…David Tinsley…..Gloucester
540…Don Day…..Gloucester
4919…Gilles Philion…..Gloucester
5900…Gillian Todd-Messinger…..Gloucester
1074…Jackie Millette…..Gloucester
6163…Jeannie Leblanc…..Gloucester
317…Joel Willison…..Gloucester
4001…John Girard…..Gloucester
1944…John Ledo…..Gloucester
2192…Jonathan Gardam…..Gloucester
3471…Joseph Rios…..Gloucester
4303…Karine Moreau…..Gloucester
2824…Lee Dixon…..Gloucester
636…Linda Simard…..Gloucester
4439…Lisa Macgillivray…..Gloucester
3560…Lucie Villeneuve…..Gloucester
3774…Mariette Ledo…..Gloucester
6068…Matthew Dewtie…..Gloucester
6006…Michael Bergeron…..Gloucester
2620…Michael G. Lepage…..Gloucester
5361…Michael Hook…..Gloucester
2673…Mona Tessier…..Gloucester
5669…Nicole Labelle…..Gloucester
4538…Patricia Suys…..Gloucester
2221…Richard F. Proulx…..Gloucester
63…Savvas Farassoglou…..Gloucester
4096…Sonja Renz…..Gloucester
5390…Tiffany Belair…..Gloucester
4967…Tim Morin…..Gloucester
2838…Tom Fottinger…..Gloucester
1611…Trevor Duff…..Gloucester
3878…Una Beaudry…..Gloucester
5745…Virginia Mofford…..Gloucester
2431…Andrew Downes…..Greely
3710…Angele Vanderlaan…..Greely
3572…Ann Westell…..Greely
356…Brett Reynolds…..Greely
843…Carol Boucher…..Greely
1841…Casey Goheen…..Greely
4023…Claire Johnstone…..Greely
1052…Claire Maxwell…..Greely
1374…Dave Erling…..Greely
5394…David Benyon…..Greely
154…David Harding…..Greely
1384…Jeff Oliver…..Greely
2839…Jennifer Frechette…..Greely
2395…John Baranyi…..Greely
1713…John Sterling…..Greely
359…Jon Hamilton…..Greely
844…Joseph Boucher…..Greely
707…Joseph Clarmo…..Greely
1415…Karin Johnson…..Greely
2734…Keith Decoste…..Greely
1839…Kevin Goheen…..Greely
5213…Michael J. Patrick Anderson…..Greely
4313…Michel Gaudreault…..Greely
252…Patricia Brander…..Greely
2858…Randall Holmes…..Greely
571…Rob Johnston…..Greely
3202…Scott Evans…..Greely
6193…Scott Mcleod…..Greely
5471…Stephanie Courcelles…..Greely
1563…Travis Maxwell…..Greely
1669…Zachary Routhier…..Greely
2430…Annie Jean…..Hull
5008…Jasmine Lefebvre…..Hull
5996…Julie Ballard…..Hull
4236…Debra Marr…..Iroquois
2108…Erika Clow-Hawkins…..Jasper
2224…Tara Lamb…..Jasper
5986…Adam Ashbourne…..Kanata
5410…Adam Boyle…..Kanata
3441…Adam Pelham…..Kanata
3489…Adrian Salt…..Kanata
5887…Afshan Thakkar…..Kanata
5233…Al Daggett…..Kanata
3879…Alicia Gerwing…..Kanata
3196…Alistair Edwards…..Kanata
3447…Allen Piddington…..Kanata
350…Alyson Ferguson…..Kanata
4120…Anand Srinivasan…..Kanata
3091…Andrea Carisse…..Kanata
6207…Andrea Nicholls…..Kanata
1354…Anita Cadieux…..Kanata
881…Anne Collis…..Kanata
1964…Barbara Wiens…..Kanata
337…Barbara Williams…..Kanata
176…Bernie Armour…..Kanata
1379…Bianca Liebner…..Kanata
5007…Bianca Santerre…..Kanata
5574…Bill Gilchrist…..Kanata
1856…Bobbie Nevin…..Kanata
723…Brandon Greening…..Kanata
1544…Brandon Shirley…..Kanata
5788…Brittney Pavlovic…..Kanata
5490…Carmen Davidson…..Kanata
4608…Caron Fitzpatrick…..Kanata
253…Cathi Yabsley…..Kanata
984…Cecilia Jorgenson…..Kanata
3931…Chandan Banerjee…..Kanata
994…Cherie Koshman…..Kanata
2889…Cheryl Levi…..Kanata
2236…Chris Brown…..Kanata
3138…Chris Cowie…..Kanata
2011…Christine Fraser…..Kanata
1114…Christine Pollex…..Kanata
2918…Cindy Molaski…..Kanata
1690…Cindy Southgate…..Kanata
940…Colleen Gilchrist…..Kanata
4428…Colleen Kilty…..Kanata
4775…Conrad Bellehumeur…..Kanata
6338…Copperfield Jean-Louis…..Kanata
3321…Dan Kelly…..Kanata
3495…Danny Schwager…..Kanata
2489…Daryle Smith…..Kanata
2010…David Muldoon…..Kanata
1589…David Ogden…..Kanata
5915…Deanne Van Rooyen…..Kanata
1088…Debbie Olive…..Kanata
5888…Dhanya Thakkar…..Kanata
4385…Diane Boyle…..Kanata
4339…Donna Atkinson…..Kanata
302…Donna Brennen…..Kanata
6315…Donna Clark…..Kanata
528…Donna Gow…..Kanata
4705…Doug Glasgow…..Kanata
802…Douglas Miller…..Kanata
2511…Drew Bursey…..Kanata
3833…Elana Graham…..Kanata
5048…Eva Klassen…..Kanata
3558…Fiona Valliere…..Kanata
5572…Francine Giannotti…..Kanata
315…Gary Woodworth…..Kanata
4590…Genevieve Le Jeune…..Kanata
6381…Gi Wu…..Kanata
5548…Ginette Ford…..Kanata
3179…Greg Dow…..Kanata
3341…Greg Layhew…..Kanata
2911…Greg McNeill…..Kanata
3612…Guy Campeau…..Kanata
6271…Guy Turgeon…..Kanata
1768…Harvey Chatterton…..Kanata
4768…Heather Chanter…..Kanata
2008…Hugh Wright…..Kanata
2013…Ian Govan…..Kanata
1402…J.P. Tremblay…..Kanata
5241…Jaclyn Shepherd…..Kanata
2376…James Derosenroll…..Kanata
2738…James Muldoon…..Kanata
583…James Vieveen…..Kanata
6385…James Wildgen…..Kanata
3176…Jan Donak…..Kanata
6306…Janet Atkins…..Kanata
5442…Janet Chadwick…..Kanata
4486…Janice Tughan…..Kanata
1494…Jared Semenchuk…..Kanata
4897…Jason Hillier…..Kanata
2846…Jeff Goold…..Kanata
5775…Jeffrey O'connor…..Kanata
3721…Jennifer Burn…..Kanata
4975…Jennifer Campbell…..Kanata
3142…Jennifer Croisier…..Kanata
5497…Jennifer Delorme…..Kanata
904…Jennifer Donohue…..Kanata
3419…Jennifer Nason…..Kanata
1117…Jennifer Prieur…..Kanata
472…Jennifer Wilson…..Kanata
246…Jessica Dean…..Kanata
5912…Jody Vallati…..Kanata
887…John Cooper…..Kanata
2962…John Sullivan…..Kanata
5158…Jonathan Letendre…..Kanata
5974…Joshua Childs…..Kanata
5798…Karen Piddington…..Kanata
174…Kathleen Westbury…..Kanata
894…Kelly Ann Davis…..Kanata
3350…Kelly Livingstone…..Kanata
3477…Kelly Ross…..Kanata
5665…Kenneth Klassen…..Kanata
3274…Keri Hillier…..Kanata
1735…Kerry Kennedy…..Kanata
3055…Kevin Boyd…..Kanata
85…Kevin Donak…..Kanata
3458…Kevin Rankin…..Kanata
2510…Kim Duval…..Kanata
1954…Kim Robertson…..Kanata
2771…Kimberley Bohn…..Kanata
5540…Krista Ferguson…..Kanata
1466…Krista Levesque…..Kanata
4948…Kristin Bennett…..Kanata
1443…Lanny Underhill…..Kanata
5491…Laurie Davis…..Kanata
5500…Lesley Dewsnap…..Kanata
382…Lianna Macdonald…..Kanata
993…Lida Koronewskij…..Kanata
4079…Lillian Ng…..Kanata
2397…Lisa Mayhew…..Kanata
4419…Lise Gray…..Kanata
1932…Logan Daley…..Kanata
4429…Lois Kirkup…..Kanata
5661…Louise King…..Kanata
895…Luisa De Amicis…..Kanata
4391…Lynda Ciavaglia…..Kanata
3159…Lyne Denis…..Kanata
2719…M Gabriele Castelnuovo…..Kanata
6206…Man Nguyen…..Kanata
4476…Maneesh Sharma…..Kanata
4406…Manorie Edirisinghe…..Kanata
1399…Marcel Butz…..Kanata
4386…Mark Brownhill…..Kanata
5162…Mark Fagnan…..Kanata
5642…Mark Jorgenson…..Kanata
3482…Mark Ruddock…..Kanata
5367…Marlene Alt…..Kanata
4424…Mary Anne Jackson-Hughes…..Kanata
2424…Mary Campbell…..Kanata
4837…Mary-Anne Sauve…..Kanata
4006…Melissa Hall…..Kanata
1989…Michael Best…..Kanata
2782…Michael Brennan…..Kanata
5879…Michael Sutherland…..Kanata
1803…Michel Gosselin…..Kanata
1017…Michele Lemay…..Kanata
6173…Michelle Lyster…..Kanata
1691…Mike Southgate…..Kanata
2238…Mike Watford…..Kanata
5667…Mikkyal Koshman…..Kanata
330…Miriam Mustapha…..Kanata
1787…Monica Van Dam…..Kanata
1064…Nancy McGuire…..Kanata
5298…Natalie Damiano…..Kanata
4976…Neil Campbell…..Kanata
1218…Neil Marshall…..Kanata
3372…Neil Maxwell…..Kanata
5894…Neil Thomson…..Kanata
466…Nicole Myslivecek…..Kanata
4413…Pamela Ford…..Kanata
855…Patricia Brown…..Kanata
1248…Paul Maskell…..Kanata
4189…Pauline Joly…..Kanata
3116…Peter Clark…..Kanata
4607…Peter Fraser…..Kanata
4200…Peter Johnston…..Kanata
5958…Peter Zimmerman…..Kanata
6310…Philip Boyer…..Kanata
1827…Philip Rushworth…..Kanata
5909…Philip Tughan…..Kanata
1800…Philippe Sauve…..Kanata
5037…Prabhu Vaithilingam…..Kanata
4835…Renata Hogan-Sullivan…..Kanata
4327…Renee Johnston…..Kanata
3375…Rob McAulay…..Kanata
4767…Robert Chanter…..Kanata
1658…Robert Charbonneau…..Kanata
199…Robyn Hardage…..Kanata
5801…Sandra Plourde…..Kanata
2783…Sandy Brennan…..Kanata
2739…Sarah Muldoon…..Kanata
3305…Scott Jewer…..Kanata
1953…Shelley McDonald…..Kanata
4076…Shelly Nesbitt…..Kanata
3101…Sheri Cayouette…..Kanata
190…Sindy Dobson…..Kanata
2831…Sridhar Erukulla…..Kanata
2568…Stephane Bedard…..Kanata
1353…Stephen Cadieux…..Kanata
3139…Steven Cowie…..Kanata
2047…Sue Ackerman…..Kanata
4582…Sue Peck…..Kanata
4584…Susan Harvey…..Kanata
455…Susan Pagnutti…..Kanata
4215…Sylvie Olsen…..Kanata
1637…Taylor Sicard…..Kanata
995…Terry Koss…..Kanata
1702…Terry Mesdag…..Kanata
1219…Theresa Marshall…..Kanata
2772…Tiffany Boire…..Kanata
5752…Tim Moses…..Kanata
3019…Tom Auger…..Kanata
5950…Tom Winter…..Kanata
160…Tommy Des Brisay…..Kanata
4202…Tracey Dunfield…..Kanata
293…Valerie Desjarlais…..Kanata
6250…Vanessa Sloan…..Kanata
5159…Veronique Breton…..Kanata
3884…Victoria Gebert…..Kanata
5161…Vince Fagnan…..Kanata
2836…Vincent_Andy Fong…..Kanata
3600…Wei Zhou…..Kanata
1103…Wendy Patton…..Kanata
2433…Wendy Rostek…..Kanata
4258…Wilf Sullivan…..Kanata
2163…William Matthews…..Kanata
393…William Potts…..Kanata
3712…Celeste St. John…..Kars
4586…Ginny Flood…..Kars
5674…Guy Laliberte…..Kars
5980…Kevin Adamsons…..Kars
6041…Matthew Cook…..Kars
3354…Paula Lund…..Kars
5789…Carole Perkins…..Kemptville
3058…Cheryl Brennan…..Kemptville
5510…Connie Duclos…..Kemptville
2486…Dale Richardson…..Kemptville
3521…Dave Springer…..Kemptville
2781…David Brennan…..Kemptville
2143…Dawn Murray…..Kemptville
4789…Emily Conway…..Kemptville
1111…Gerald Piette…..Kemptville
4833…Glenna Bigras…..Kemptville
4962…Grant Lowe…..Kemptville
5105…Jacob Banks…..Kemptville
2195…Jeff Swrjeski…..Kemptville
4831…Joyce Cavanagh…..Kemptville
5242…Luke Foster…..Kemptville
3888…Mary Mejia…..Kemptville
4666…Michael Munroe…..Kemptville
3034…Paul Bedard…..Kemptville
4986…Rory Blaisdell…..Kemptville
3266…Roxanne Harrington…..Kemptville
1619…Russ Beaton…..Kemptville
3734…Sheri Steeves…..Kemptville
35…Simon Sukstorf…..Kemptville
3405…Stephanie Mombourquette…..Kemptville
1921…Steven De Ville…..Kemptville
3148…Teena Dacey…..Kemptville
421…Valerie Sayah…..Kemptville
1545…Mike Walsh…..Kenmore
563…Angela Stewart…..Kinburn
4230…Debbie Turcotte…..Kinburn
5869…Jackie Stadnyk…..Kinburn
1179…Kathy Twardek…..Kinburn
3524…Ronald Stadnyk…..Kinburn
6500…Aaron Clow…..Kingston
2259…Aaron Dries…..Kingston
5197…Alain Gosselin…..Kingston
678…Alan Cohoon…..Kingston
2600…Alfred Barr…..Kingston
3254…Allan Gudlaugson…..Kingston
121…Allison Mowat…..Kingston
717…Alyson Mahar…..Kingston
6244…Andreas Schabetsberger…..Kingston
6171…Andrew Lloyd…..Kingston
1870…Andrew Wallace…..Kingston
4952…Angela Allen…..Kingston
5165…Arthur Hesford…..Kingston
1819…Audethy Tallack…..Kingston
2426…Barb Parker…..Kingston
1714…Ben Doherty…..Kingston
2959…Benoit Stockless…..Kingston
5907…Bill Truelove…..Kingston
5294…Brenda Flaherty…..Kingston
5795…Brian Phillips…..Kingston
698…Bruno Chagnon…..Kingston
86…Cam Miller…..Kingston
6365…Carsten Sorensen…..Kingston
4868…Chelsey Hutson…..Kingston
4753…Chris Carter…..Kingston
3765…Chris Plaza…..Kingston
6257…Chris Stevenson…..Kingston
4850…Christine Powers-Tomsons…..Kingston
6069…Christopher Doan…..Kingston
150…Christopher Horeczy…..Kingston
1836…Chuck Douglas…..Kingston
6190…Colin McCue…..Kingston
3570…Colleen Webber…..Kingston
2339…Cory Vale…..Kingston
3894…Crystal Parker…..Kingston
3439…Dan Peebles…..Kingston
5494…Dani Delaloye…..Kingston
4827…Daniel Gosselin…..Kingston
5127…Daniel Rondeau…..Kingston
5929…Daryl Watters…..Kingston
3262…Dave Hammond…..Kingston
1620…Dave Johnston…..Kingston
4373…David Mailey…..Kingston
1215…David Robinson…..Kingston
5873…David Steeves…..Kingston
2256…Debbie Hawes…..Kingston
4550…Deborah Hynes…..Kingston
3346…Denis Levesque…..Kingston
5741…Derek Milner…..Kingston
5978…Duart Townsend…..Kingston
3853…Ed Tardif…..Kingston
5349…Elizabeth McQuillan…..Kingston
5916…Elizabeth Vezina…..Kingston
3328…Emily Koolen…..Kingston
3840…Emily Quinn-Black…..Kingston
6480…Etienne Marcoux…..Kingston
813…Frederic Drolet…..Kingston
2258…Frederic Jean…..Kingston
149…Frederick Lavoie…..Kingston
3312…George Jones…..Kingston
695…George Lackonick…..Kingston
3185…Glen Duckett…..Kingston
2367…Greg Phillips…..Kingston
664…Guillaume Proulx…..Kingston
5066…Helga Grodzinski…..Kingston
5995…Hugo Babin…..Kingston
5358…Hugo Boilard…..Kingston
2360…Jacklyn Power…..Kingston
33…James Brown…..Kingston
4741…James Krahn…..Kingston
5949…Jan Wilson…..Kingston
3877…Jason Chor…..Kingston
5611…Jason Hiltz…..Kingston
968…Jason Howe…..Kingston
3252…Jean-Marc Grimard…..Kingston
2313…Jeff Barr…..Kingston
2201…Jeff Teeple…..Kingston
627…Jeffrey Reid…..Kingston
510…Jillian Brenner…..Kingston
5267…Jim Terfry…..Kingston
1065…Jody Mcinnis…..Kingston
124…Joey Steacy…..Kingston
3839…John Black…..Kingston
3952…John Brooks…..Kingston
3850…John Brown…..Kingston
6007…Jon Berrey…..Kingston
6030…Jordan Charboneau…..Kingston
5848…Jordan Shoniker…..Kingston
3165…Joseph Dilworth…..Kingston
6378…Juli Wheeler…..Kingston
3010…Julie Anghelescu…..Kingston
3036…Julie Belanger…..Kingston
5742…Katrin Milner…..Kingston
3855…Kelly Campbell…..Kingston
2496…Kelly Morrice…..Kingston
6267…Kelly Tobias…..Kingston
4185…Kerri Tadeu…..Kingston
3854…Kit Orme…..Kingston
5309…Krzysztof Butkiewicz…..Kingston
616…Lance Marshall…..Kingston
6070…Leslie Doering…..Kingston
6348…Linda McMillan…..Kingston
3741…Line Gosselin…..Kingston
4699…Liza Tzotzos…..Kingston
3295…Louise Hunter…..Kingston
793…Lyne Lefrancois…..Kingston
2921…Marcel Neron…..Kingston
42…Margarita Sviajina…..Kingston
681…Marielle Houle…..Kingston
2799…Mark Chabot…..Kingston
2362…Mary-Anne Macdonald…..Kingston
690…Mary-Elizabeth Irwin…..Kingston
485…Matthew Charlesworth…..Kingston
1901…Matthew Sprague…..Kingston
3385…Melissa McIlroy…..Kingston
2322…Michael Avery…..Kingston
4698…Michael Clarke…..Kingston
5256…Michael Divittorio…..Kingston
2274…Michael Muise…..Kingston
628…Michel Pearson…..Kingston
3628…Michelle Kerr…..Kingston
702…Michelle Simiana…..Kingston
2149…Mike Lapensee…..Kingston
3844…Monica Pereira…..Kingston
6194…Murray McTavish…..Kingston
5176…Nadine Kopp…..Kingston
4738…Noelani Shore…..Kingston
4400…Pamela Decker…..Kingston
849…Pascal Brisson…..Kingston
818…Patricia Ambrose…..Kingston
5111…Paul Daley…..Kingston
5277…Paul Thompson…..Kingston
1738…Peter Vrooman…..Kingston
2363…Ralph Feisthauer…..Kingston
6142…Ray Konigs…..Kingston
5172…Rhonda Murphy…..Kingston
1975…Robert Allen…..Kingston
2031…Robert Bard…..Kingston
2346…Robert Meade…..Kingston
790…Robert Thomas…..Kingston
3650…Robyn Broeders…..Kingston
5372…Roman Antoniewicz…..Kingston
2232…Rosario Messana…..Kingston
6402…Sergio Grice…..Kingston
79…Shane Bourgeois…..Kingston
5249…Shannon Brown…..Kingston
791…Shawn Kadlec…..Kingston
5943…Shelley Williams…..Kingston
1121…Shoba Ranganathan…..Kingston
3852…Sonja Chisholm…..Kingston
2268…Sony Chris Marchal…..Kingston
703…Stefanie Arthurs…..Kingston
792…Stephane Brisson…..Kingston
1075…Stephanie Milner…..Kingston
2851…Stephen Hall…..Kingston
3081…Steve Bycok…..Kingston
2761…Steven Beattie…..Kingston
2179…Steven Doherty…..Kingston
4382…Susan Blake…..Kingston
467…Susan Stark…..Kingston
5110…Sylvie Bouchard…..Kingston
2248…Terri Heffernan…..Kingston
102…Tim Keith…..Kingston
615…Tim Macdonald…..Kingston
2746…Timothy Holmes-Mitra…..Kingston
2697…Tommy Villeneuve…..Kingston
1820…Tony Phillips…..Kingston
6503…Toure Alfa-Toga…..Kingston
2676…Travis Loughery…..Kingston
1357…Trevor Martin…..Kingston
691…Troy Irwin…..Kingston
4871…Victor Lopes…..Kingston
4505…Lucie Dufour…..La Peche
3805…Amy Vanderspank…..Lanark
1433…Scott Shaver…..Lanark
6033…Derek Cheff…..L'ange Gardien
13…Adam Robinson…..L'ange-Gardien
1506…Samuel Chenevert…..L'ange-Gardien
1537…Stephane Gosselin…..L'ange-Gardien
4275…Melissa Lanigan…..Lansdowne
3864…Adelle Brazeau…..Limoges
3791…Alain Giroux…..Limoges
4739…Ann Duguay…..Limoges
2029…Chantel Oshowy-Carvallo…..Limoges
1323…Denis Benoit…..Limoges
614…Joanne Froment…..Limoges
3033…Joey Beaudin…..Limoges
3997…Judy Gagne…..Limoges
4552…Marc Benoit…..Limoges
5097…Serge Froment…..Limoges
4808…Karen McDonald…..L'orignal
6212…Manon Parisien…..L'orignal
152…Patrick Lalonde…..L'orignal
3986…Susan Draper…..Low
2098…Chris Crain…..Maberly
4173…Frederick Barrett…..Maberly
1734…Nancy Villemure…..Maberly
3758…Susan Marble…..Maberly
910…Jennifer Duffy…..Maitland
911…Penny Duffy…..Maitland
3319…Jennifer Kellar…..Mallorytown
5174…Joyce Mills…..Mallorytown
3067…Robert Browne…..Mallorytown
1922…Amy Moustgaard…..Manotick
6291…Brad Ysseldyk…..Manotick
6016…Charles Bruce…..Manotick
1376…Christian Vaillancourt…..Manotick
6071…Emily Donaldson…..Manotick
2370…Gerald Leahy…..Manotick
2764…Guy Beaudoin…..Manotick
6341…Hollee Kew…..Manotick
409…Jocelynn Cook…..Manotick
6072…Karen Donaldson…..Manotick
1597…Laura Wilson…..Manotick
2117…Malcolm Todd…..Manotick
6255…Paul Steers…..Manotick
5531…Robert Fabes…..Manotick
3338…Robert Lange…..Manotick
5059…Sara Wilson…..Manotick
3474…Theresa Roberts…..Manotick
848…Yvonne Brandreth…..Manotick
3526…Michele Steeves…..Maxville
4685…Angus Macdonald…..Merrickville
1238…Barbara Bacon…..Merrickville
4682…Isabelle Paris…..Merrickville
3059…Jodi Brennan…..Merrickville
4740…Krista Jensen…..Merrickville
5383…Michael Barkhouse…..Merrickville
1296…Penny Foxwell…..Merrickville
804…Rick Bowes…..Merrickville
4533…Will Starr…..Merrickville
2881…Andre Lasalle…..Metcalfe
4861…Barb Beiersdorfer…..Metcalfe
307…Brittney Potvin…..Metcalfe
5352…Bruce Bourgeault…..Metcalfe
5149…Erika Morris…..Metcalfe
997…Kazimierz Krzyzanowski…..Metcalfe
3933…Keith Beardsley…..Metcalfe
2009…Luc Aubrey…..Metcalfe
2218…Rob Howell…..Metcalfe
4435…Sylvie J Lapointe…..Metcalfe
6304…Krista Atchison…..Moose Creek
1918…Cindy Waldner…..Morewood
5641…Isabella Jordan…..Morrisburg
4653…Kelly Ryan…..Mountain
59…Raymond Sherrer…..Mountain
5856…Allan Smith…..Munster
418…Colleen O'Connell-Campbell…..Munster
554…Jamie Dumont…..Munster
1154…Nancy Ann Smith…..Munster
514…Norman Watt…..Munster
1960…Shelley Hindle…..Munster
1534…Steve Lachaine…..Munster
153…Alain Gonthier…..Navan
534…Brian Barber…..Navan
5446…Carole Charlebois…..Navan
3359…Marcella Macdonald…..Navan
5058…Marie Labrie…..Navan
5688…Marie-France Levesque…..Navan
4686…Matthew Valiquette…..Navan
5002…Melanie Vetter…..Navan
1412…Mike Rozon…..Navan
4445…Mychele Malette…..Navan
896…Paul De Grandpre…..Navan
826…Rosemary Barber…..Navan
3939…Veronique Bergeron…..Navan
1413…Vicki Rozon…..Navan
This is in the grounds of Hatfield House. The building is The Old Palace, built in the fifteenth century by the Bishop of Ely. Henry VIII bought it in 1538 and used it as a nursery for his three children. This surviving wing was used as a stables before being restored by the 4th Marquess in 1915.
Hallo, it's me, The Topiary Cat. I'm in the doghouse – an unaccustomed place for a cat. Richard has reprimanded me for self-aggrandisement. Apparently in a recent post I referred to myself as 'awesome' and alluded to my 'magnificence'. He thinks I am getting above myself. He believes I may have forgotten that I am 'merely' an incarnation of beloved Tolly's spirit. Merely, indeed! The cheek of the man! And now, would you believe, he's posting this image of me where he is "Clipping your wings"! Well, if you think I'm calling him 'The Master' after this, well. We shall see about that... www.thetopiarycat.co.uk
Gilbert Scott-Heron (April 1, 1949 – May 27, 2011) was an American soul and jazz poet, musician, and author, known primarily for his work as a spoken-word performer in the 1970s and 1980s. His collaborative efforts with musician Brian Jackson featured a musical fusion of jazz, blues, and soul, as well as lyrical content concerning social and political issues of the time, delivered in both rapping and melismatic vocal styles by Scott-Heron. His own term for himself was "bluesologist", which he defined as "a scientist who is concerned with the origin of the blues". His poem "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised", delivered over a jazz-soul beat, is considered a major influence on hip hop music.
His music, most notably on the albums Pieces of a Man and Winter in America in the early 1970s, influenced and foreshadowed later African-American music genres such as hip hop and neo soul. His recording work received much critical acclaim, especially for The Revolution Will Not Be Televised. AllMusic's John Bush called him "one of the most important progenitors of rap music", stating that "his aggressive, no-nonsense street poetry inspired a legion of intelligent rappers while his engaging songwriting skills placed him square in the R&B charts later in his career."
Scott-Heron remained active until his death, and in 2010 released his first new album in 16 years, entitled I'm New Here. A memoir he had been working on for years up to the time of his death, The Last Holiday, was published posthumously in January 2012. Scott-Heron received a posthumous Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2012. He also is included in the exhibits at the National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC) that officially opened on September 24, 2016, on the National Mall, and in an NMAAHC publication, Dream a World Anew. In 2021, Scott-Heron was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as a recipient of the Early Influence Award.
Gil Scott-Heron was born in Chicago, Illinois. His mother, Bobbie Scott, was an opera singer who performed with the Oratorio Society of New York. His father, Gil Heron, nicknamed "The Black Arrow," was a Jamaican footballer who in the 1950s became the first black man to play for Celtic Football Club in Glasgow, Scotland. Gil's parents separated in his early childhood and he was sent to live with his maternal grandmother, Lillie Scott, in Jackson, Tennessee. When Scott-Heron was 12 years old, his grandmother died and he returned to live with his mother in The Bronx in New York City. He enrolled at DeWitt Clinton High School, but later transferred to The Fieldston School, after impressing the head of the English department with some of his writings and earning a full scholarship. As one of five Black students at the prestigious school, Scott-Heron was faced with alienation and a significant socioeconomic gap. During his admissions interview at Fieldston, an administrator asked him: "'How would you feel if you see one of your classmates go by in a limousine while you're walking up the hill from the subway?' And [he] said, 'Same way as you. Y'all can't afford no limousine. How do you feel?'" This type of intractable boldness would become a hallmark of Scott-Heron's later recordings.
After completing his secondary education, Scott-Heron decided to attend Lincoln University in Pennsylvania because Langston Hughes (his most important literary influence) was an alumnus. It was here that Scott-Heron met Brian Jackson, with whom he formed the band Black & Blues. After about two years at Lincoln, Scott-Heron took a year off to write the novels The Vulture and The Nigger Factory. Scott-Heron was very heavily influenced by the Black Arts Movement (BAM). The Last Poets, a group associated with the Black Arts Movement, performed at Lincoln in 1969 and Abiodun Oyewole of that Harlem group said Scott-Heron asked him after the performance, "Listen, can I start a group like you guys?"[18] Scott-Heron returned to New York City, settling in Chelsea, Manhattan. The Vulture was published by the World Publishing Company in 1970 to positive reviews.
Although Scott-Heron never completed his undergraduate degree, he was admitted to the Writing Seminars at Johns Hopkins University, where he received an M.A. in creative writing in 1972. His master's thesis was titled Circle of Stone. Beginning in 1972, Scott-Heron taught literature and creative writing for several years as a full-time lecturer at University of the District of Columbia (then known as Federal City College) in Washington, D.C. while maintaining his music career.
Scott-Heron began his recording career with the LP Small Talk at 125th and Lenox in 1970. Bob Thiele of Flying Dutchman Records produced the album, and Scott-Heron was accompanied by Eddie Knowles and Charlie Saunders on conga and David Barnes on percussion and vocals. The album's 14 tracks dealt with themes such as the superficiality of television and mass consumerism, the hypocrisy of some would-be black revolutionaries, and white middle-class ignorance of the difficulties faced by inner-city residents. In the liner notes, Scott-Heron acknowledged as influences Richie Havens, John Coltrane, Otis Redding, Jose Feliciano, Billie Holiday, Langston Hughes, Malcolm X, Huey Newton, Nina Simone, and long-time collaborator Brian Jackson.
Scott-Heron's 1971 album Pieces of a Man used more conventional song structures than the loose, spoken-word feel of Small Talk. He was joined by Jackson, Johnny Pate as conductor, Ron Carter on bass and bass guitar, drummer Bernard "Pretty" Purdie, Burt Jones playing electric guitar, and Hubert Laws on flute and saxophone, with Thiele producing again. Scott-Heron's third album, Free Will, was released in 1972. Jackson, Purdie, Laws, Knowles, and Saunders all returned to play on Free Will and were joined by Jerry Jemmott playing bass, David Spinozza on guitar, and Horace Ott (arranger and conductor). Carter later said about Scott-Heron's voice: "He wasn't a great singer, but, with that voice, if he had whispered it would have been dynamic. It was a voice like you would have for Shakespeare."
In 1974, he recorded another collaboration with Brian Jackson, Winter in America, with Bob Adams on drums and Danny Bowens on bass. Winter in America has been regarded by many critics as the two musicians' most artistic effort. The following year, Scott-Heron and Jackson released Midnight Band: The First Minute of a New Day. In 1975, he released the single "Johannesburg", a rallying cry for the end of apartheid in South Africa. The song would be re-issued, in 12"-single form, together with "Waiting for the Axe to Fall" and "B-movie" in 1983.
A live album, It's Your World, followed in 1976 and a recording of spoken poetry, The Mind of Gil Scott-Heron, was released in 1978. Another success followed with the hit single "Angel Dust", which he recorded as a single with producer Malcolm Cecil. "Angel Dust" peaked at No. 15 on the R&B charts in 1978.
In 1979, Scott-Heron played at the No Nukes concerts at Madison Square Garden. The concerts were organized by Musicians United for Safe Energy to protest the use of nuclear energy following the Three Mile Island accident. Scott-Heron's song "We Almost Lost Detroit" was included in the No Nukes album of concert highlights. It alluded to a previous nuclear power plant accident and was also the title of a book by John G. Fuller. Scott-Heron was a frequent critic of President Ronald Reagan and his conservative policies.
Scott-Heron recorded and released four albums during the 1980s: 1980 and Real Eyes (1980), Reflections (1981) and Moving Target (1982). In February 1982, Ron Holloway joined the ensemble to play tenor saxophone. He toured extensively with Scott-Heron and contributed to his next album, Moving Target the same year. His tenor accompaniment is a prominent feature of the songs "Fast Lane" and "Black History/The World". Holloway continued with Scott-Heron until the summer of 1989, when he left to join Dizzy Gillespie. Several years later, Scott-Heron would make cameo appearances on two of Ron Holloway's CDs: Scorcher (1996) and Groove Update (1998), both on the Fantasy/Milestone label.
Scott-Heron was dropped by Arista Records in 1985 and quit recording, though he continued to tour. The same year he helped compose and sang "Let Me See Your I.D." on the Artists United Against Apartheid album Sun City, containing the famous line: "The first time I heard there was trouble in the Middle East, I thought they were talking about Pittsburgh." The song compares racial tensions in the U.S. with those in apartheid-era South Africa, implying that the U.S. was not too far ahead in race relations. In 1993, he signed to TVT Records and released Spirits, an album that included the seminal track "'Message to the Messengers". The first track on the album criticized the rap artists of the day. Scott-Heron is known in many circles as "the Godfather of rap" and is widely considered to be one of the genre's founding fathers. Given the political consciousness that lies at the foundation of his work, he can also be called a founder of political rap. "Message to the Messengers" was a plea for the new generation of rappers to speak for change rather than perpetuate the current social situation, and to be more articulate and artistic. Regarding hip hop music in the 1990s, he said in an interview:
They need to study music. I played in several bands before I began my career as a poet. There's a big difference between putting words over some music, and blending those same words into the music. There's not a lot of humor. They use a lot of slang and colloquialisms, and you don't really see inside the person. Instead, you just get a lot of posturing.
— Gil Scott-Heron
In 2001, Scott-Heron was sentenced to one to three years imprisonment in a New York State prison for possession of cocaine. While out of jail in 2002, he appeared on the Blazing Arrow album by Blackalicious. He was released on parole in 2003, the year BBC TV broadcast the documentary Gil Scott-Heron: The Revolution Will Not Be Televised—Scott-Heron was arrested for possession of a crack pipe during the editing of the film in October 2003 and received a six-month prison sentence.
On July 5, 2006, Scott-Heron was sentenced to two to four years in a New York State prison for violating a plea deal on a drug-possession charge by leaving a drug rehabilitation center. He claimed that he left because the clinic refused to supply him with HIV medication. This story led to the presumption that the artist was HIV positive, subsequently confirmed in a 2008 interview. Originally sentenced to serve until July 13, 2009, he was paroled on May 23, 2007.
After his release, Scott-Heron began performing live again, starting with a show at SOB's restaurant and nightclub in New York on September 13, 2007. On stage, he stated that he and his musicians were working on a new album and that he had resumed writing a book titled The Last Holiday, previously on long-term hiatus, about Stevie Wonder and his successful attempt to have the birthday of Martin Luther King Jr. declared a federally recognized holiday in the United States.
Malik Al Nasir dedicated a collection of poetry to Scott-Heron titled Ordinary Guy that contained a foreword by Jalal Mansur Nuriddin of The Last Poets. Scott-Heron recorded one of the poems in Nasir's book entitled Black & Blue in 2006.
In April 2009, on BBC Radio 4, poet Lemn Sissay presented a half-hour documentary on Gil Scott-Heron entitled Pieces of a Man, having interviewed Gil Scott-Heron in New York a month earlier. Pieces of a Man was the first UK announcement from Scott-Heron of his forthcoming album and return to form. In November 2009, the BBC's Newsnight interviewed Scott-Heron for a feature titled The Legendary Godfather of Rap Returns. In 2009, a new Gil Scott-Heron website, gilscottheron.net, was launched with a new track "Where Did the Night Go" made available as a free download from the site.
In 2010, Scott-Heron was booked to perform in Tel Aviv, Israel, but this attracted criticism from pro-Palestinian activists, who stated: "Your performance in Israel would be the equivalent to having performed in Sun City during South Africa's apartheid era... We hope that you will not play apartheid Israel". Scott-Heron responded by canceling the performance.
Scott-Heron released his album I'm New Here on independent label XL Recordings on February 9, 2010. Produced by XL label owner Richard Russell, I'm New Here was Scott-Heron's first studio album in 16 years. The pair started recording the album in 2007, with the majority of the record being recorded over the 12 months leading up to the release date with engineer Lawson White at Clinton Studios in New York. I'm New Here is 28 minutes long with 15 tracks; however, casual asides and observations collected during recording sessions are included as interludes.
The album attracted critical acclaim, with The Guardian's Jude Rogers declaring it one of the "best of the next decade", while some have called the record "reverent" and "intimate", due to Scott-Heron's half-sung, half-spoken delivery of his poetry. In a music review for public radio network NPR, Will Hermes stated: "Comeback records always worry me, especially when they're made by one of my heroes ... But I was haunted by this record ... He's made a record not without hope but which doesn't come with any easy or comforting answers. In that way, the man is clearly still committed to speaking the truth". Writing for music website Music OMH, Darren Lee provided a more mixed assessment of the album, describing it as rewarding and stunning, but he also states that the album's brevity prevents it "from being an unassailable masterpiece".
Scott-Heron described himself as a mere participant, in a 2010 interview with The New Yorker:
This is Richard's CD. My only knowledge when I got to the studio was how he seemed to have wanted this for a long time. You're in a position to have somebody do something that they really want to do, and it was not something that would hurt me or damage me—why not? All the dreams you show up in are not your own.
The remix version of the album, We're New Here, was released in 2011, featuring production by English musician Jamie xx, who reworked material from the original album. Like the original album, We're New Here received critical acclaim.
In April 2014, XL Recordings announced a third album from the I'm New Here sessions, titled Nothing New. The album consists of stripped-down piano and vocal recordings and was released in conjunction with Record Store Day on April 19, 2014.
Scott-Heron died on the afternoon of May 27, 2011, at St. Luke's Hospital, New York City, after becoming ill upon returning from a trip to Europe. Scott-Heron had confirmed previous press speculation about his health, when he disclosed in a 2008 New York Magazine interview that he had been HIV-positive for several years, and that he had been previously hospitalized for pneumonia.
He was survived by his firstborn daughter, Raquiyah "Nia" Kelly Heron, from his relationship with Pat Kelly; his son Rumal Rackley, from his relationship with Lurma Rackley; daughter Gia Scott-Heron, from his marriage to Brenda Sykes; and daughter Chegianna Newton, who was 13 years old at the time of her father's death. He is also survived by his sister Gayle; brother Denis Heron, who once managed Scott-Heron; his uncle, Roy Heron; and nephew Terrance Kelly, an actor and rapper who performs as Mr. Cheeks, and is a member of Lost Boyz.
Before his death, Scott-Heron had been in talks with Portuguese director Pedro Costa to participate in his film Horse Money as a screenwriter, composer and actor.
In response to Scott-Heron's death, Public Enemy's Chuck D stated "RIP GSH...and we do what we do and how we do because of you" on his Twitter account. His UK publisher, Jamie Byng, called him "one of the most inspiring people I've ever met". On hearing of the death, R&B singer Usher stated: "I just learned of the loss of a very important poet...R.I.P., Gil Scott-Heron. The revolution will be live!!". Richard Russell, who produced Scott-Heron's final studio album, called him a "father figure of sorts to me", while Eminem stated: "He influenced all of hip-hop". Lupe Fiasco wrote a poem about Scott-Heron that was published on his website.
Scott-Heron's memorial service was held at Riverside Church in New York City on June 2, 2011, where Kanye West performed "Lost in the World" and "Who Will Survive in America", two songs from West's album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy. The studio album version of West's "Who Will Survive in America" features a spoken-word excerpt by Scott-Heron. Scott-Heron is buried at Kensico Cemetery in Westchester County in New York.
Scott-Heron was honored posthumously in 2012 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Charlotte Fox, member of the Washington, DC NARAS and president of Genesis Poets Music, nominated Scott-Heron for the award, while the letter of support came from Grammy award winner and Grammy Hall of Fame inductee Bill Withers.
Scott-Heron's memoir, The Last Holiday, was published in January 2012. In her review for the Los Angeles Times, professor of English and journalism Lynell George wrote:
The Last Holiday is as much about his life as it is about context, the theater of late 20th century America — from Jim Crow to the Reagan '80s and from Beale Street to 57th Street. The narrative is not, however, a rise-and-fall retelling of Scott-Heron's life and career. It doesn't connect all the dots. It moves off-the-beat, at its own speed ... This approach to revelation lends the book an episodic quality, like oral storytelling does. It winds around, it repeats itself.
At the time of Scott-Heron's death, a will could not be found to determine the future of his estate. Additionally, Raquiyah Kelly-Heron filed papers in Manhattan, New York's Surrogate's Court in August 2013, claiming that Rumal Rackley was not Scott-Heron's son and should therefore be omitted from matters concerning the musician's estate. According to the Daily News website, Rackley, Kelly-Heron and two other sisters have been seeking a resolution to the issue of the management of Scott-Heron's estate, as Rackley stated in court papers that Scott-Heron prepared him to be the eventual administrator of the estate. Scott-Heron's 1994 album Spirits was dedicated to "my son Rumal and my daughters Nia and Gia", and in court papers Rackley added that Scott-Heron "introduced me [Rackley] from the stage as his son".
In 2011, Rackley filed a suit against sister Gia Scott-Heron and her mother, Scott-Heron's first wife, Brenda Sykes, as he believed they had unfairly attained US$250,000 of Scott-Heron's money. The case was later settled for an undisclosed sum in early 2013; but the relationship between Rackley and Scott-Heron's two adult daughters already had become strained in the months after Gil's death. In her submission to the Surrogate's Court, Kelly-Heron states that a DNA test completed by Rackley in 2011—using DNA from Scott-Heron's brother—revealed that they "do not share a common male lineage", while Rackley has refused to undertake another DNA test since that time. A hearing to address Kelly-Heron's filing was scheduled for late August 2013, but by March 2016 further information on the matter was not publicly available.[69] Rackley still serves as court-appointed administrator for the estate, and donated material to the Smithsonian's new National Museum of African American History and Culture for Scott-Heron to be included among the exhibits and displays when the museum opened in September 2016. In December 2018, the Surrogate Court ruled that Rumal Rackley and his half sisters are all legal heirs.
According to the Daily News website, Kelly-Heron and two other sisters have been seeking a resolution to the issue of the management of Scott-Heron's estate. The case was decided in December 2018 with a ruling issued in May 2019.
Scott-Heron's work has influenced writers, academics and musicians, from indie rockers to rappers. His work during the 1970s influenced and helped engender subsequent African-American music genres, such as hip hop and neo soul. He has been described by music writers as "the godfather of rap" and "the black Bob Dylan".
Chicago Tribune writer Greg Kot comments on Scott-Heron's collaborative work with Jackson:
Together they crafted jazz-influenced soul and funk that brought new depth and political consciousness to '70s music alongside Marvin Gaye and Stevie Wonder. In classic albums such as 'Winter in America' and 'From South Africa to South Carolina,' Scott-Heron took the news of the day and transformed it into social commentary, wicked satire, and proto-rap anthems. He updated his dispatches from the front lines of the inner city on tour, improvising lyrics with an improvisational daring that matched the jazz-soul swirl of the music".
Of Scott-Heron's influence on hip hop, Kot writes that he "presag[ed] hip-hop and infus[ed] soul and jazz with poetry, humor and pointed political commentary". Ben Sisario of The New York Times writes that "He [Scott-Heron] preferred to call himself a "bluesologist", drawing on the traditions of blues, jazz and Harlem renaissance poetics". Tris McCall of The Star-Ledger writes that "The arrangements on Gil Scott-Heron's early recordings were consistent with the conventions of jazz poetry – the movement that sought to bring the spontaneity of live performance to the reading of verse". A music writer later noted that "Scott-Heron's unique proto-rap style influenced a generation of hip-hop artists", while The Washington Post wrote that "Scott-Heron's work presaged not only conscious rap and poetry slams, but also acid jazz, particularly during his rewarding collaboration with composer-keyboardist-flutist Brian Jackson in the mid- and late '70s". The Observer's Sean O'Hagan discussed the significance of Scott-Heron's music with Brian Jackson, stating:
Together throughout the 1970s, Scott-Heron and Jackson made music that reflected the turbulence, uncertainty and increasing pessimism of the times, merging the soul and jazz traditions and drawing on an oral poetry tradition that reached back to the blues and forward to hip-hop. The music sounded by turns angry, defiant and regretful while Scott-Heron's lyrics possessed a satirical edge that set them apart from the militant soul of contemporaries such as Marvin Gaye and Curtis Mayfield.
Will Layman of PopMatters wrote about the significance of Scott-Heron's early musical work:
In the early 1970s, Gil Scott-Heron popped onto the scene as a soul poet with jazz leanings; not just another Bill Withers, but a political voice with a poet's skill. His spoken-voice work had punch and topicality. "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised" and "Johannesburg" were calls to action: Stokely Carmichael if he'd had the groove of Ray Charles. 'The Bottle' was a poignant story of the streets: Richard Wright as sung by a husky-voiced Marvin Gaye. To paraphrase Chuck D, Gil Scott-Heron's music was a kind of CNN for black neighborhoods, prefiguring hip-hop by several years. It grew from the Last Poets, but it also had the funky swing of Horace Silver or Herbie Hancock—or Otis Redding. Pieces of a Man and Winter in America (collaborations with Brian Jackson) were classics beyond category".
Scott-Heron's influence over hip hop is primarily exemplified by his definitive single "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised", sentiments from which have been explored by various rappers, including Aesop Rock, Talib Kweli and Common. In addition to his vocal style, Scott-Heron's indirect contributions to rap music extend to his and co-producer Jackson's compositions, which have been sampled by various hip-hop artists. "We Almost Lost Detroit" was sampled by Brand Nubian member Grand Puba ("Keep On"), Native Tongues duo Black Star ("Brown Skin Lady"), and MF Doom ("Camphor"). Additionally, Scott-Heron's 1980 song "A Legend in His Own Mind" was sampled on Mos Def's "Mr. Nigga", the opening lyrics from his 1978 recording "Angel Dust" were appropriated by rapper RBX on the 1996 song "Blunt Time" by Dr. Dre, and CeCe Peniston's 2000 song "My Boo" samples Scott-Heron's 1974 recording "The Bottle".
In addition to the Scott-Heron excerpt used in "Who Will Survive in America", Kanye West sampled Scott-Heron and Jackson's "Home is Where the Hatred Is" and "We Almost Lost Detroit" for the songs "My Way Home" and "The People", respectively, both of which are collaborative efforts with Common. Scott-Heron, in turn, acknowledged West's contributions, sampling the latter's 2007 single "Flashing Lights" on his final album, 2010's I'm New Here.
Scott-Heron admitted ambivalence regarding his association with rap, remarking in 2010 in an interview for the Daily Swarm: "I don't know if I can take the blame for [rap music]".[81] As New York Times writer Sisario explained, he preferred the moniker of "bluesologist". Referring to reviews of his last album and references to him as the "godfather of rap", Scott-Heron said: "It's something that's aimed at the kids ... I have kids, so I listen to it. But I would not say it's aimed at me. I listen to the jazz station." In 2013, Chattanooga rapper Isaiah Rashad recorded an unofficial mixtape called Pieces of a Kid, which was greatly influenced by Heron's debut album Pieces of a Man.
Following Scott-Heron's funeral in 2011, a tribute from publisher, record company owner, poet, and music producer Malik Al Nasir was published on The Guardian's website, titled "Gil Scott-Heron saved my life".
In the 2018 film First Man, Scott-Heron is a minor character and is played by soul singer Leon Bridges.
He is one of eight significant people shown in mosaic at the 167th Street renovated subway station on the Grand Concourse in the Bronx that reopened in 2019.
Those three words are probably my most favourite words ever. That is quite a geeky thing to say, but those words are seriously ungeeky. I like to think that I was the one that introduced 'mahusive' to my friends and the whole world. I once said it when I was very young, out of nowher, but it has stuck and I say it everyday. At least 1,500 times. But since then, famous people like Richard Hammond, Vicky Butler-Henderson and Mrs Storry, have each used my word. Mahusive. Oh wait, I said famous didn't I! Sorry, Mrs Storry isn't famous outside of my school, as she is the chemistry teacher we all love...errm, yeah...I don't think love is the right word here!! :P
So yeah...err...I really should plan something to write beforehand. Err, well...there's a Mclaren MP4-12C in my photo. So err...yeah.
As ever in my descriptions, so far it has been completely random and pretty useless really. Randomness is the key to my life now. Right now, as I write this listening 'The One Show' in the background, I am thinking of Tandoori Chicken, Disclosure and Annie. I really do have an odd mind...
Oh yeah...I just remembered...I said two other words in my title!!! So Discombobulated is pretty much a fancy way of saying confused and shizzle is a word I use to say anything I can't be bothered to think of the actual name of. You should use them.
Wouldn't it be great if we managed to get the word 'mahusive' in the dictionary??
And finally, I shall leave you with my completely unrandom shizzlery of questions for the comments section!!!
1. This time, I shall start by saying is there anything you would like to say about my photo. Likey or no-likey
2. What is the best colour for the MP4-12c?
3. What is the best hue for the Mitsubishi Spacestar? ;)
4. Which is the best of the 50 Shades of Grey? :P
5. What type of Pizza is the best? Are you a Meat Feast (that sounds rude) person, or a Hawaiian person (not literally!!), etc?
6. How much wood could a wood chuck chuck if a wood chuck could chuck wood?
7. What are your absolute favourite songs??
And I should actually probably end now by reporting back on my challenge I set myself!!! I was aiming for 4,000 profile views and 30,000 collective views. So far I have got 4,011 profile views and 28,507 collective views!!! So, one target down, another one to go!!!
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR ALL OF THE COMMENTS AND FAVOURITES AND VIEWS GUYS!!! THE AMOUNT OF SUPPORT I'M GETTING RECENTLY IS CRAZY!!!
Oh, and finally, I must say that this will probably be my last upload for a few weeks. I have got exams coming out of my ears at the moment and also, in two weeks time, I shall be visiting the Germany!!! Here I come Frankfurt!!! ;)
I really should end this by now, but I hope you guys have been checking out the amazing peter Saunders' Photostream!!
Thanks again everyone!!!
Tom :D
Looking south.
"The President's House is the residence of the President of the College of William and Mary in Virginia in Williamsburg, Virginia. Constructed in 1732, the building still serves its original purpose and is among the oldest buildings in Virginia. Since its construction only one of the college's presidents, Robert Saunders, Jr., has not moved into the building, which is let for free to the president. The President's House is the College’s third-oldest building and the oldest official college presidential residence in the United States.
The College of William & Mary (officially The College of William and Mary in Virginia, abbreviated as William & Mary, W&M) is a public research university in Williamsburg, Virginia. Founded in 1693 by letters patent issued by King William III and Queen Mary II, it is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the ninth-oldest in the English-speaking world. Institutional rankings have placed it among the best public universities in the United States.
The college educated American presidents Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler. It also educated other key figures pivotal to the development of the United States, including the first President of the Continental Congress Peyton Randolph, the first U.S. Attorney General Edmund Randolph, the fourth U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall, Speaker of the House of Representatives Henry Clay, Commanding General of the U.S. Army Winfield Scott, sixteen members of the Continental Congress, and four signers of the Declaration of Independence. Its connections with many Founding Fathers of the United States earned it the nickname "the Alma Mater of the Nation". George Washington received his surveyor's license from the college in 1749 and he would become the college's first American chancellor in 1788. The position was long held by Bishops of London and Archbishops of Canterbury, though in modern times has been held by U.S. Supreme Court Justices, Cabinet Secretaries, and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Benjamin Franklin received William & Mary's first honorary degree in 1756.
William & Mary is notable for its many firsts in American higher education. The F.H.C. Society, founded in 1750, was the first collegiate fraternity in the United States, and W&M students founded the Phi Beta Kappa academic honor society in 1776, the first Greek-letter fraternity. In 1736, W&M became the first school of higher education in the future United States to install a student honor code of conduct. It is the only American university issued a coat of arms by the College of Arms in London. The establishment of graduate programs in law and medicine in 1779 makes it one of the first universities in the United States. The Marshall–Wythe School of Law is the oldest law school in the United States, and the Sir Christopher Wren Building, attributed to the famed English architect, is the oldest academic building in continuous use in the United States.
In addition to its undergraduate program, W&M is home to several top-ranked graduate programs and four professional schools. In his 1985 book Public Ivies: A Guide to America's Best Public Undergraduate Colleges and Universities, Richard Moll included William & Mary as one of the original eight "Public Ivies". It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High Research Activity".
Colonial Williamsburg is a living-history museum and private foundation presenting a part of the historic district in the city of Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation has 7300 employees at this location and globally. There are 37 companies in The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation corporate family.
Its 301-acre (122 ha) historic area includes several hundred restored or re-created buildings from the 18th century, when the city was the capital of Colonial Virginia; 17th-century, 19th-century, and Colonial Revival structures; and more recent reconstructions. An interpretation of a colonial American city, the historic area includes three main thoroughfares and their connecting side streets that attempt to suggest the atmosphere and the circumstances of 18th-century Americans. Costumed employees work and dress as people did in the era, sometimes using colonial grammar and diction (although not colonial accents).
In the late 1920s, the restoration and re-creation of colonial Williamsburg was championed as a way to celebrate rebel patriots and the early history of the United States. Proponents included the Reverend Dr. W. A. R. Goodwin and other community leaders; the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (now called Preservation Virginia), the Colonial Dames, the Daughters of the Confederacy, the Chamber of Commerce, and other organizations; and the wealthy Rockefellers: John D. Rockefeller Jr., and his wife, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller.
Colonial Williamsburg is part of the part-historic project, part-tourist attraction Historic Triangle of Virginia, along with Jamestown and Yorktown and the Colonial Parkway. The site was once used for conferences by world leaders and heads of state, including U.S. presidents. It was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1960.
In June 2019, its sixth president, Mitchell Reiss, announced that he would resign effective October, ending a five-year tenure distinguished by staff turnover, downsizing, and outsourcing.
Williamsburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, it had a population of 15,425. Located on the Virginia Peninsula, Williamsburg is in the northern part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is bordered by James City County on the west and south and York County on the east.
English settlers founded Williamsburg in 1632 as Middle Plantation, a fortified settlement on high ground between the James and York rivers. The city functioned as the capital of the Colony and Commonwealth of Virginia from 1699 to 1780 and became the center of political events in Virginia leading to the American Revolution. The College of William & Mary, established in 1693, is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the only one of the nine colonial colleges in the South. Its alumni include three U.S. presidents as well as many other important figures in the nation's early history.
The city's tourism-based economy is driven by Colonial Williamsburg, the city's restored Historic Area. Along with nearby Jamestown and Yorktown, Williamsburg forms part of the Historic Triangle, which annually attracts more than four million tourists. Modern Williamsburg is also a college town, inhabited in large part by William & Mary students, faculty and staff." - info from Wikipedia.
The fall of 2022 I did my 3rd major cycling tour. I began my adventure in Montreal, Canada and finished in Savannah, GA. This tour took me through the oldest parts of Quebec and the 13 original US states. During this adventure I cycled 7,126 km over the course of 2.5 months and took more than 68,000 photos. As with my previous tours, a major focus was to photograph historic architecture.
Now on Instagram.
Damein Hirst at the Ken C. Arnold Art Collection Damien Hirst (B. 1965)
Opium
lambda inkjet print in colours, 2000, on glossy wove paper, signed in black felt-tip pen, numbered on the reverse, published by Eyestorm, London, printed close to the edges of the full sheet as issued. Excellent condition.
L., S. 484 x 435 mm.
Damien Hirst
Damien Hirst
Born 7 June 1965 (1965-06-07) (age 44)
Bristol, England
Nationality British
Field Conceptual art, installation art, painting
Training Leeds College of Art and Design, Goldsmiths
Movement Young British Artists
Works The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, For the Love of God
Patrons Charles Saatchi
Awards Turner Prize
Damien Steven Hirst[1] (born 7 June 1965) is an English artist and the most prominent[2] member of the group known as "Young British Artists" (or YBAs), who dominated the art scene in Britain during the 1990s.[3] He is internationally renowned,[4] and has been claimed to be the richest living artist to date.[5] During the 1990s his career was closely linked with the collector Charles Saatchi, but increasing frictions came to a head in 2003 and the relationship ended.[6]
Death is a central theme in Hirst's works.[7][8] He became famous for a series of artworks in which dead animals (including a shark, a sheep and a cow) are preserved—sometimes having been dissected—in formaldehyde. The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, a 14-foot (4.3 m) tiger shark immersed in formaldehyde in a vitrine became the iconic work of British art in the 1990s,[9] and the symbol of Britart worldwide.[10] He has also made "spin paintings," created on a spinning circular surface, and "spot paintings", which are rows of randomly-colored circles.
In September 2008, he took an unprecedented move for a living artist[11] by selling a complete show, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby's by auction and by-passing his long-standing galleries.[12] The auction exceeded all predictions, raising £111 million ($198 million), breaking the record for a one-artist auction[13] as well as Hirst's own record with £10.3 million for The Golden Calf, an animal with 18-carat gold horns and hooves, preserved in formaldehyde.[12]
Contents [hide]
1 Life and career
1.1 Early life
1.2 Breakthrough
1.3 Charles Saatchi
1.4 Post-Saatchi
1.4.1 Beautiful Inside My Head Forever
1.4.2 Cartrain
1.5 Painting
2 Work philosophy
2.1 Appropriation
3 Hirst's own collection
4 Restaurant ventures
5 Charitable work
6 Personal life and wealth
7 Critical responses to conceptual work
7.1 Positive
7.2 Negative
8 Artworks
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
[edit] Life and career
[edit] Early life
Hirst studied at Goldsmiths, University of London.Damien Hirst was born in Bristol and grew up in Leeds. His father was a motor mechanic, who left the family when Hirst was 12.[14] His mother, Mary, was a lapsed Catholic, who worked for the Citizens Advice Bureau and says she lost control of him when he was young.[14] He was arrested on two occasions for shoplifting.[14] However, Hirst sees her as someone who would not tolerate rebellion: she cut up his bondage trousers and heated one of his Sex Pistols vinyl records on the cooker to turn it into a fruit bowl[15] (or a plant pot[16]). He says, "If she didn't like how I was dressed, she would quickly take me away from the bus stop." She did, though, encourage his liking for drawing, which was his only successful educational subject.[15]
His art teacher "pleaded"[15] for Hirst to be allowed to enter the sixth form,[15] where he took two A-levels, achieving an "E" grade in art.[14] He was refused admission to Leeds College of Art and Design, when he first applied, but attended the college after a subsequent successful application.[14]
Michael Craig-Martin. An Oak Tree, 1973He went to an exhibition of work by Francis Davison, staged by Julian Spalding at the Hayward Gallery in 1983.[17] Davison created abstract collages from torn and cut coloured paper, which Hirst said, "blew me away", and which he modelled his own work on for the next two years.[17]
He worked for two years on London building sites, then studied Fine Art at Goldsmiths, University of London[14] (1986–89), although again he was refused a place the first time he applied. In 2007, Hirst was quoted as saying of An Oak Tree by Goldsmiths' senior tutor, Michael Craig-Martin: "That piece is, I think, the greatest piece of conceptual sculpture. I still can't get it out of my head."[18] While a student, Hirst had a placement at a mortuary, an experience that influenced his later themes and materials.
[edit] Breakthrough
In July 1988 in his second year at Goldsmiths College, Hirst was the main organiser of an independent student exhibition, Freeze, in a disused London Port Authority administrative block in London's Docklands. He gained sponsorship from the London Docklands Development Corporation. The show was visited by Charles Saatchi, Norman Rosenthal and (Sir) Nicholas Serota, thanks to the influence of his Goldsmiths' lecturer Michael Craig-Martin. Hirst's own contribution to the show consisted of a cluster of cardboard boxes painted with household paint.[19] After graduating, Hirst was included in New Contemporaries show and in a group show at Kettles Yard Gallery in Cambridge. Seeking a gallery dealer, he first approached Karsten Schubert, but was turned down.
In 1990 Hirst, along with his friend Carl Freedman and Billee Sellman, curated two enterprising "warehouse" shows, Modern Medicine and Gambler, in a Bermondsey former Peek Freans biscuit factory they designated "Building One".[20][21] Saatchi arrived at the second show in a green Rolls Royce and, according to Freedman, stood open-mouthed with astonishment in front of (and then bought) Hirst's first major "animal" installation, A Thousand Years, consisting of a large glass case containing maggots and flies feeding off a rotting cow's head.[22] They also staged Michael Landy's Market.[21] At this time, Hirst said, "I can’t wait to get into a position to make really bad art and get away with it. At the moment if I did certain things people would look at it, consider it and then say 'f off'. But after a while you can get away with things."[17]
In 1991 his first solo exhibition, organised by Tamara Chodzko - Dial, In and Out of Love, was held in an unused shop on Woodstock Street in central London; he also had solo exhibitions at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, and the Emmanuel Perrotin Gallery in Paris. The Serpentine Gallery presented the first survey of the new generation of artists with the exhibition Broken English, in part curated by Hirst. At this time Hirst met the up-and-coming art dealer, Jay Jopling, who then represented him.
[edit] Charles Saatchi
In 1991, Charles Saatchi had offered to fund whatever artwork Hirst wanted to make, and the result was showcased in 1992 in the first Young British Artists exhibition at the Saatchi Gallery in North London. Hirst's work was titled The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living and was a shark in formaldehyde in a vitrine, and sold for £50,000. The shark had been caught by a commissioned fisherman in Australia and had cost £6,000.[23] It became the iconic work of British art in the 1990s,[9] and the symbol of Britart worldwide.[10] The exhibition also included A Thousand Years. As a result of the show, Hirst was nominated for that year's Turner Prize, but it was awarded to Grenville Davey.
The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living by Damien Hirst (1991)Hirst's first major international presentation was in the Venice Biennale in 1993 with the work, Mother and Child Divided, a cow and a calf cut into sections and exhibited in a series of separate vitrines. He curated the show Some Went Mad, Some Ran Away in 1994 at the Serpentine Gallery in London, where he exhibited Away from the Flock (a sheep in a tank of formaldehyde). On 9 May, Mark Bridger, a 35 year old artist from Oxford, walked in to the gallery and poured black ink into the tank, and retitled the work Black Sheep. He was subsequently prosecuted, at Hirst's wish, and was given two years' probation. The sculpture was restored at a cost of £1,000.
In 1995, Hirst won the Turner Prize. New York public health officials banned Two Fucking and Two Watching featuring a rotting cow and bull, because of fears of "vomiting among the visitors". There were solo shows in Seoul, London and Salzburg. He directed the video for the song "Country House" for the band Blur. No Sense of Absolute Corruption, his first solo show in the Gagosian Gallery in New York was staged the following year. In London the short film, Hanging Around, was shown—written and directed by Hirst and starring Eddie Izzard. In 1997 the Sensation exhibition opened at the Royal Academy in London. A Thousand Years and other works by Hirst were included, but the main controversy occurred over other artists' works. It was nevertheless seen as the formal acceptance of the YBAs into the establishment.[24]
Beautiful revolving sphincter, oops brown painting by Damien Hirst (2003)In 1998, his autobiography and art book, I Want To Spend the Rest of My Life Everywhere, with Everyone, One to One, Always, Forever, Now, was published. With Alex James of the band Blur and actor Keith Allen, he formed the band Fat Les, achieving a number 2 hit with a raucous football-themed song Vindaloo, followed up by Jerusalem with the London Gay Men's Chorus. Hirst also painted a simple colour pattern for the Beagle 2 probe. This pattern was to be used to calibrate the probe's cameras after it had landed on Mars. He turned down the British Council's invitation to be Britain's representative at the 1999 Venice Biennale because "it didn't feel right".[25] He sued British Airways claiming a breach of copyright over an advert design with coloured spots for its low budget airline, Go.
In 2000, Hirst's sculpture Hymn (which Saatchi had bought for a reported £1m) was given pole position at the show Ant Noises (an anagram of "sensation") in the Saatchi Gallery. Hirst was then sued himself for breach of copyright over this sculpture (see Appropriation below).[26] Hirst sold three more copies of his sculpture for similar amounts to the first.[27] In September 2000, in New York, Larry Gagosian held the Hirst show, Damien Hirst: Models, Methods, Approaches, Assumptions, Results and Findings. 100,000 people visited the show in 12 weeks and all the work was sold.
On 10 September 2002, on the eve of the first anniversary of the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks, Hirst said in an interview with BBC News Online:
"The thing about 9/11 is that it's kind of like an artwork in its own right. It was wicked, but it was devised in this way for this kind of impact. It was devised visually... You've got to hand it to them on some level because they've achieved something which nobody would have ever have thought possible, especially to a country as big as America. So on one level they kind of need congratulating, which a lot of people shy away from, which is a very dangerous thing."[28]
The next week, following public outrage at his remarks, he issued a statement through his company, Science Ltd:
"I apologise unreservedly for any upset I have caused, particularly to the families of the victims of the events on that terrible day."[29]
Hirst gave up smoking and drinking in 2002, although the short-term result was that his wife Maia "had to move out because I was so horrible." He had met Joe Strummer (former lead singer of The Clash) at Glastonbury in 1995, becoming good friends and going on annual family holidays with him. Just before Christmas 2002, Strummer died of a heart attack. This had a profound effect on Hirst, who said, "It was the first time I felt mortal." He subsequently devoted a lot of time to founding a charity, Strummerville, to help young musicians.[15]
In April 2003, the Saatchi Gallery opened at new premises in County Hall, London, with a show that included a Hirst retrospective. This brought a developing strain in his relationship with Saatchi to a head[6] (one source of contention had been who was most responsible for boosting their mutual profile). Hirst disassociated himself from the retrospective to the extent of not including it in his CV.[6] He was angry that a Mini car that he had decorated for charity with his trademark spots was being exhibited as a serious artwork.[6] The show also scuppered a prospective Hirst retrospective at Tate Modern.[6] He said Saatchi was "childish"[15] and "I'm not Charles Saatchi's barrel-organ monkey ... He only recognises art with his wallet ... he believes he can affect art values with buying power, and he still believes he can do it."[6]
In September 2003 he had an exhibition Romance in the Age of Uncertainty at Jay Jopling's White Cube gallery in London, which made him a reported £11m,[15] bringing his wealth to over £35m. It was reported that a sculpture, Charity, had been sold for £1.5m to a Korean, Kim Chang-Il, who intended to exhibit it in his department store's gallery in Seoul.[30] The 22 foot (6.7m) 6 ton sculpture was based on the 1960s Spastic Society's model, which is of a girl in leg irons holding a collecting box. In Hirst's version the collecting box is shown broken open and is empty.
Charity was exhibited in the centre of Hoxton Square, in front of the White Cube. Inside the gallery downstairs were 12 vitrines representing Jesus's disciples, each case containing mostly gruesome, often blood-stained, items relevant to the particular disciple. At the end was an empty vitrine, representing Christ. Upstairs were four small glass cases, each containing a cow's head stuck with scissors and knives. It has been described as an "extraordinarily spiritual experience" in the tradition of Catholic imagery.[31] At this time Hirst bought back 12 works from Saatchi (a third of Saatchi's holdings of Hirst's early works), via Jay Jopling, for a total fee reported to exceed £8 million. Hirst had sold these pieces to Saatchi in the early 1990s for a considerably smaller sum, his first installations costing less than £10,000.[6]
Virgin Mother by Damien HirstOn 24 May 2004, a fire in the Momart storage warehouse destroyed many works from the Saatchi collection, including 17 of Hirst's, although the sculpture Charity survived, as it was outside in the builder's yard. That July, Hirst said of Saatchi, "I respect Charles. There's not really a feud. If I see him, we speak, but we were never really drinking buddies."[15]
Hirst designed a cover for the Band Aid 20 charity single featuring the "Grim Reaper" in late 2004. The image showed an African child perched on his knee. This was not to the liking of the record company executives and was replaced by reindeer in the snow standing next to a child.
In December 2004, The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living was sold by Saatchi to American collector Steve Cohen, for $12 million (£6.5 million), in a deal negotiated by Hirst's New York agent, Gagosian.[32] Cohen, a Greenwich hedge fund manager, then donated the work to The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Sir Nicholas Serota had wanted to acquire it for the Tate Gallery, and Hugo Swire, Shadow Minister for the Arts, tabled a question to ask if the government would ensure it stayed in the country.[33] Current export regulations do not apply to living artists.
Hirst exhibited 30 paintings at the Gagosian Gallery in New York in March 2005. These had taken 3 1/2 years to complete. They were closely based on photos, mostly by assistants (who were rotated between paintings) but with a final finish by Hirst.[34]
In February 2006, he opened a major show in Mexico, at the Hilario Galguera Gallery, called The Death of God, Towards a Better Understanding of Life without God aboard The Ship of Fools. The exhibition attracted considerable media coverage as Hirst's first show in Latin America. In June that year, he exhibited alongside the work of Francis Bacon (Triptychs) at the Gagosian Gallery, Britannia Street, London. Included in the exhibition was the seminal vitrine, A Thousand Years (1990), and four triptychs: paintings, medicine cabinets and a new formaldehyde work entitled The Tranquility of Solitude (For George Dyer), influenced by Francis Bacon.
For the Love of God by Damien Hirst (2007)A Thousand Years, one of Hirst's most provocative and engaging works, contains an actual life cycle. Maggots hatch inside a white minimal box, turn into flies, then feed on a bloody, severed cow's head on the floor of a claustrophobic glass vitrine. Above, hatched flies buzz around in the closed space. Many meet a violent end in an insect-o-cutor; others survive to continue the cycle. A Thousand Years was admired by Francis Bacon, who in a letter to a friend a month before he died, wrote about the experience of seeing the work at the Saatchi Gallery in London. Margarita Coppack notes that "It is as if Bacon, a painter with no direct heir in that medium, was handing the baton on to a new generation." Hirst has openly acknowledged his debt to Bacon, absorbing the painter's visceral images and obsessions early on and giving them concrete existence in sculptural form with works like A Thousand Years.[35]
Hirst gained the auction record for the most expensive work of art by a living artist — his Lullaby Spring in June 2007, when a 3 metre (10 ft) wide steel cabinet with 6,136 pills sold for 19.2 million dollars to Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, the Emir of Qatar.[36][37]
In June 2007, Beyond Belief, an exhibition of Hirst's new work, opened at the White Cube gallery in London. The centre-piece, a Memento Mori titled For the Love of God, was a human skull recreated in platinum and adorned with 8,601 diamonds weighing a total of 1,106.18 carats.[38]. Approximately £15,000,000 worth of diamonds were used. It was modelled on an 18th century skull, but the only surviving human part of the original is the teeth. The asking price for For the Love of God was £50,000,000 ($100 million or 75 million euros). It didn't sell outright,[39] and on 30 August 2008 was sold to a consortium that included Hirst himself and his gallery White Cube.[39]
In November 2008, the skull was exhibited at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam next to an exhibition of paintings from the museum collection selected by Hirst. Wim Pijbes, the museum director, said of the exhibition, "It boosts our image. Of course, we do the Old Masters but we are not a 'yesterday institution'. It's for now. And Damien Hirst shows this in a very strong way."[40]
[edit] Beautiful Inside My Head Forever
Main article: Beautiful Inside My Head Forever
Beautiful Inside My Head Forever was a two day auction of Hirst's new work at Sotheby's, London, taking place on 15 and 16 September 2008.[12] It was unusual as he bypassed galleries and sold directly to the public.[41] Writing in The Independent, Cahal Milmo said that the idea of the auction was conceived by Hirst's business advisor of 13 years, Frank Dunphy, who had to overcome Hirst's initial reluctance about the idea.[42]
The sale raised £111 million ($198 million) for 218 items.[13] The auction exceeded expectations,[13] and was ten times higher than the existing Sotheby's record for a single artist sale,[43] occurring as the financial markets plunged.[43] The Sunday Times said that Hirst's business colleagues had "propped up"[43] the sale prices, making purchases or bids which totalled over half of the £70.5 million spent on the first sale day:[43] Harry Blain of the Haunch of Venison gallery said that bids were entered on behalf of clients wishing to acquire the work.[43]
[edit] Cartrain
Main article: Cartrain
Sculpture by Damien Hirst outside the Wallace Collection for his exhibition there in 2009In December 2008, Hirst contacted the Design and Artists Copyright Society (DACS) demanding action be taken over works containing images of his skull sculpture For the Love of God made by a 16 year old graffiti artist, Cartrain, and sold on the internet gallery 100artworks.com. On the advice of his gallery, Cartrain handed over the artworks to DACS and forfeited the £200 he had made; he said, "I met Christian Zimmermann [from DACS] who told me Hirst personally ordered action on the matter."[44] In June 2009, copyright lawyer Paul Tackaberry compared the two images and said, "This is fairly non-contentious legally. Ask yourself, what portion of the original--and not just the quantity but also the quality--appears in the new work? If a 'substantial portion' of the 'original' appears in the new work, then that's all you need for copyright infringement... Quantitatively about 80% of the skull is in the second image."[45]
Cartrain walked into Tate Britain in July 2009 and removed a pack of "very rare Faber Castell 1990 Mongol 482 series pencils" from Damien Hirst's pharmacy installation. Cartrain had then made a "fake" police appeal poster stating that the pencils had been "stolen" and that if anyone had any information they should call the police on the phone number advertised. Cartrain was arrested for £500,000 worth of theft.[46]
[edit] Painting
In October 2009, Hirst revealed that he had been painting with his own hand in a style influenced by Francis Bacon for several years. According to Sarah Thornton, "For his latest violation of art-world etiquette, he’s enacting the fantasy of being a lonely romantic painter."[47] No Love Lost, his show of these paintings at the Wallace Collection in London received "one of the most unanimously negative responses to any exhibition in living memory".[48] Tom Lubbock of The Independent called Hirst's work derivative, weak and boring:[49] "Hirst, as a painter, is at about the level of a not-very-promising, first-year art student."[49] Rachel Campbell-Johnston of The Times said it was "shockingly bad".[49]
[edit] Work philosophy
LSD by Damien HirstAlthough Hirst participated physically in the making of early works, he has always needed assistants (Carl Freedman helped with the first vitrines), and now the volume of work produced necessitates a "factory" setup, akin to Andy Warhol's or a Renaissance studio. This has led to questions about authenticity, as was highlighted in 1997, when a spin painting that Hirst said was a "forgery" appeared at sale, although he had previously said that he often had nothing to do with the creation of these pieces.
Rachel Howard painted Hirst's "best spot paintings".[50] Photographed by Ross McNicolHirst said that he only painted five spot paintings himself because, "I couldn't be fucking arsed doing it"; he described his efforts as "shite"—"They're shit compared to ... the best person who ever painted spots for me was Rachel. She's brilliant. Absolutely fucking brilliant. The best spot painting you can have by me is one painted by Rachel." He also describes another painting assistant who was leaving and asked for one of the paintings. Hirst told her to, "'make one of your own.' And she said, 'No, I want one of yours.' But the only difference, between one painted by her and one of mine, is the money.'"[50] By February 1999, two assistants had painted 300 spot paintings. Hirst sees the real creative act as being the conception, not the execution, and that, as the progenitor of the idea, he is therefore the artist:
Art goes on in your head," he says. "If you said something interesting, that might be a title for a work of art and I'd write it down. Art comes from everywhere. It's your response to your surroundings. There are on-going ideas I've been working out for years, like how to make a rainbow in a gallery. I've always got a massive list of titles, of ideas for shows, and of works without titles.[15]
Hirst is also known to volunteer repair work on his projects after a client has made a purchase. For example, this service was offered in the case of the suspended shark purchased by Steven A. Cohen.[51][52][53]
[edit] Appropriation
In 1999, chef Marco Pierre White said Hirst's Butterflies On Mars had plagiarised his own work, Rising Sun, which he then put on display in the restaurant Quo Vadis in place of the Hirst work.[54]
Spiritus Callidus #2 by John Lekay, 1993, crystal skullIn 2000, Hirst was sued for breach of copyright over his sculpture, Hymn, which was a 20-foot (6.1 m), six ton, enlargement of his son Connor's 14" Young Scientist Anatomy Set, designed by Norman Emms, 10,000 of which are sold a year by Hull-based toy manufacturer Humbrol for £14.99 each.[26] Hirst paid an undisclosed sum to two charities, Children Nationwide and the Toy Trust in an out-of-court settlement,[26] as well as a "good will payment" to Emms.[54] The charitable donation was less than Emms had hoped for. Hirst also agreed to restrictions on further reproductions of his sculpture.[26]
A graphic artist and former research associate at the Royal College of Art, Robert Dixon, stated in 2006 that Hirst's print Valium had "unmistakable similarities" to one of his own designs. Hirst's manager contested this by explaining the origin of Hirst's piece was from a book The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry (1991)—not realising this was where Dixon's design had been published.[54][55]
In 2007, artist John LeKay said he was a friend of Damien Hirst between 1992 and 1994 and had given him a "marked-up duplicate copy" of a Carolina Biological Supply Company catalogue, adding "You have no idea how much he got from this catalogue. The Cow Divided is on page 647 – it is a model of a cow divided down the centre, like his piece." This refers to Hirst’s work Mother and Child, Divided—a cow and calf cut in half and placed in formaldehyde.[55] LeKay also claimed Hirst had copied the idea of For the Love of God from LeKay's crystal skulls made in 1993, and said, "I would like Damien to acknowledge that 'John really did inspire the skull and influenced my work a lot.'"[55] Copyright lawyer Paul Tackaberry reviewed images of LeKay's and Hirst's work and saw no basis for copyright infringement claims in a legal sense.[45]
[edit] Hirst's own collection
In November 2006 Hirst was curator of In the darkest hour there may be light, the first public exhibition of (a small part of) his own collection. Now known as the ‘murderme collection’, this significant accumulation of works spans several generations of international artists, from well-known figures such as Francis Bacon, Jeff Koons, Tracey Emin, Richard Prince and Andy Warhol, to artists in earlier stages of their careers such as his former assistant Rachel Howard[56] , David Choe, Nicholas Lumb, Tom Ormond and Dan Baldwin.[57]
“As a human being, as you go through life, you just do collect. It was that sort of entropic collecting that I found myself interested in, just amassing stuff while you’re alive.” - Damien Hirst, 2006.[58]
Hirst is currently restoring the Grade I listed Toddington Manor, near Cheltenham, where he intends to eventually house the complete collection.[59]
In 2007, Hirst donated the 1991 sculptures "The Acquired Inability to Escape" and "Life Without You" and the 2002 work "Who is Afraid of the Dark?" (fly painting), and an exhibition copy from 2007 of "Mother and Child Divided" to the Tate Museum from his own personal collection of works.[60]
[edit] Restaurant ventures
Hirst had a short-lived partnership with chef Marco Pierre White in the restaurant Quo Vadis.
His best known restaurant involvement was Pharmacy, located in Notting Hill, London, which closed in September 2003. Although one of the owners, Hirst had only leased his art work to the restaurant, so he was able to retrieve and sell it at a Sotheby's auction, earning over £11 million. Some of the work had been adapted, e.g. by signing it prior to the auction.[61].
Hirst opened and currently helps to run a seafood restaurant, 11 The Quay, in the seaside town of Ilfracombe in the UK.
[edit] Charitable work
Damien Hirst is a supporter of the indigenous rights organization, Survival International.[62] On September 2008, Hirst donated the work, Beautiful Love Survival, at the Sotheby’s London sale, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, to raise money for this organization.[63][64] Later, he also contributed his writing to the book, We Are One: A Celebration of Tribal Peoples, released in October 2009, in support of Survival. The book explores the existence and threats of indigenous cultures around the world.[65][66]
[edit] Personal life and wealth
Hirst lives with his Californian girlfriend, Maia Norman, by whom he has three sons: Connor Ojala, (born 1995, Kensington and Chelsea, London), Cassius Atticus (born 2000, North Devon) and Cyrus Joe (born 2005, Westminster, London).[67] Since the birth of Connor, he has spent most of his time at his remote farmhouse, a 300 year old former inn, near Combe Martin Devon. Hirst and Norman are not married[68] although he has referred to her as his "common-law wife".[5] The artist owns a large compound in Baja, Mexico that serves as a part-time residence and art studio. The studio employs several artists that carry out Hirst's projects.
Hirst has admitted serious drug and alcohol problems during a ten year period from the early 1990s: "I started taking cocaine and drink ... I turned into a babbling fucking wreck."[50] During this time he was renowned for his wild behaviour and extrovert acts, including for example, putting a cigarette in the end of his penis in front of journalists.[69] He was an habitué of the high profile Groucho Club in Soho, London, and was banned on occasion for his behaviour.
He is reputed to be the richest living artist to date.[5] In 2009, the annually collated chart of the wealthiest individuals in Britain and Ireland, The Times Rich List, placed Hirst at joint number 238 with a net worth of £235m.[70]
[edit] Critical responses to conceptual work
[edit] Positive
Tracey Emin compared Hirst with Andy Warhol.[71]Hirst has been praised in recognition of his celebrity and the way this has galvanised interest in the arts, raising the profile of British art and helping to (re)create the image of "Cool Britannia." In the mid-1990s, the then-Heritage Secretary, Virginia Bottomley recognised him as "a pioneer of the British art movement", and even sheep farmers were pleased he had raised increased interest in British lamb.[72] Janet Street-Porter praised his originality, which had brought art to new audiences and was the "art-world equivalent of the Oasis concerts at Earl's Court".[72]
Andres Serrano is also known for shocking work and understands that contemporary fame does not necessarily equate to lasting fame, but backs Hirst: "Damien is very clever ... First you get the attention ... Whether or not it will stand the test of time, I don't know, but I think it will."[72] Sir Nicholas Serota commented, "Damien is something of a showman ... It is very difficult to be an artist when there is huge public and media attention. Because Damien Hirst has been built up as a very important figure, there are plenty of sceptics ready to put the knife in."[72]
Tracey Emin said: "There is no comparison between him and me; he developed a whole new way of making art and he's clearly in a league of his own. It would be like making comparisons with Warhol."[71] Despite Hirst's insults to him, Saatchi remains a staunch supporter, labelling Hirst a genius[72] and stating:
General art books dated 2105 will be as brutal about editing the late 20th century as they are about almost all other centuries. Every artist other than Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Donald Judd and Damien Hirst will be a footnote.[73]
[edit] Negative
There has been equally vehement opposition to Hirst's work. Norman Tebbit, commenting on the Sensation exhibition, wrote "Have they gone stark raving mad? The works of the 'artist' are lumps of dead animals. There are thousands of young artists who didn't get a look in, presumably because their work was too attractive to sane people. Modern art experts never learn."[74] The view of the tabloid press was summed up by a Daily Mail headline: "For 1,000 years art has been one of our great civilising forces. Today, pickled sheep and soiled beds threaten to make barbarians of us all." The Evening Standard art critic, Brian Sewell, said simply, "I don't think of it as art ... It is no more interesting than a stuffed pike over a pub door. Indeed there may well be more art in a stuffed pike than a dead sheep."[74]
The Stuckist art group was founded in 1999 with a specific anti-Britart agenda by Charles Thomson and Billy Childish;[75] Hirst is one of their main targets. They wrote (referring to a Channel 4 programme on Hirst):
The fact that Hirst's work does mirror society is not its strength but its weakness - and the reason it is guaranteed to decline artistically (and financially) as current social modes become outmoded. What Hirst has insightfully observed of his spin-paintings in Life and Death and Damien Hirst is the only comment that needs to be made of his entire oeuvre: "They're bright and they're zany - but there's fuck all there at the end of the day."[74]
A Dead Shark Isn't Art, Stuckism International Gallery 2003.[76]In 2003, under the title A Dead Shark Isn't Art, the Stuckism International Gallery exhibited a shark which had first been put on public display two years before Hirst's by Eddie Saunders in his Shoreditch shop, JD Electrical Supplies. Thomson asked, "If Hirst’s shark is recognised as great art, then how come Eddie’s, which was on exhibition for two years beforehand, isn’t? Do we perhaps have here an undiscovered artist of genius, who got there first, or is it that a dead shark isn’t art at all?" [76] The Stuckists suggested that Hirst may have got the idea for his work from Saunders' shop display.[77]
In 2008 leading art critic Robert Hughes said Hirst was responsible for the decline in contemporary art.[78] Hughes said Hirst's work was "tacky" and "absurd" in a 2008 TV documentary called The Mona Lisa Curse made by Hughes for Channel 4 in Britain. Hughes said it was "a little miracle" that the value of £5 million was put on Hirst's Virgin Mother (a 35 foot bronze statue), which was made by someone "with so little facility".[79] Hughes called Hirst's shark in formaldehyde "the world's most over-rated marine organism" and attacked the artist for "functioning like a commercial brand", making the case that Hirst and his work proved that financial value was now the only meaning that remained for art.[79]
[edit] Artworks
His works include:
In and Out of Love (1991), an installation of potted plants, caterpillars and monochrome canvases painted with sugar solution and glue. There were also (in a separate room) tables with ashtrays containing used cigarette butts. Eventually, the caterpillars metamorphose into butterflies, and the insects become fixed to the surfaces of the canvases. In its now fixed form, the work is held by the Yale Center for British Art and is on regular exhibit there.
The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living (1991), a tiger shark in a glass tank of formaldehyde. This piece was one of the works in his Turner Prize nomination show.
Pharmacy (1992), a life-size recreation of a chemist's shop.
A Thousand Years (1991), composed of a vitrine with a glass division. In one half is the severed head of a cow on the floor; in the other is an insect electrocutor. Maggots introduced into the vitrine feed off the cow and then develop into flies that are killed by the electrocutor.
Amonium Biborate (1993)
Away from the Flock (1994), composed of a dead sheep in a glass tank of formaldehyde.
Arachidic Acid (1994) an early example of Hirst's spot paintings.
Some Comfort Gained from the Acceptance of the Inherent Lies in Everything (1996) multiple cows in a line head-to-tail, divided cross-sectionally into equal rectangular tanks of formaldehyde, equally-spaced, each containing about 3 feet (0.91 m) of the animals.
Beautiful Axe , Slash, Gosh Painting (1999) Signed on the reverse. Gloss household paint on canvas
Hymn (1999), a scaled-up replica of his son Connor's toy: a basic anatomical model of the male human body. The sculpture is 20 ft (6.1 m) tall and composed of painted bronze.
Mother and Child Divided, composed of a cow and a calf sliced in half in a glass tank of formaldehyde.
Two Fucking and Two Watching, includes a rotting cow and bull. This work was banned from exhibition in New York by public health officials.
God, composed of a cabinet containing pharmaceutical products.
The Stations of the Cross (2004), a series of twelve photographs depicting the final moments of Jesus Christ, made in collaboration with the photographer David Bailey.
The Virgin Mother, a massive sculpture depicting a pregnant female human, with layers removed from one side to expose the fœtus, muscle and tissue layers, and skull underneath. This work was purchased by real estate magnate Aby Rosen for display on the plaza of one of his properties, the Lever House, in New York City.
Breath (2001), a 45-second film of Samuel Beckett's play for the Beckett on Film series.
The Wrath of God (2005), a new version of a shark in formaldehyde.
The Inescapable Truth, (2005). Glass, steel, dove, human skull and formaldehyde solution.
The Sacred Heart of Jesus, (2005). Perspex, bull's heart, silver, assorted needles, scalpels, and formaldehyde solution.
Faithless, (2005). Butterflies and household gloss on canvas
The Hat Makes de Man, (2005). Painted bronze that simulates wood and hats.
The Death of God, (2006). Household gloss on canvas, human skull, knife, coin and sea shells. This painting, which is a part of a group of others which were made in Mexico, are believed to be "the beginning of Hirst's Mexican period".
For The Love of God, a platinum cast of an 18th century skull covered in 8,601 diamonds.[80]
Saint Sebastian, Exquisite Pain, a black calf tied to a pole pierced with arrows. The calf is in a tank of formaldehyde. Performer George Michael has recently purchased this calf and has made it Hirst's fourth most expensive piece.
This thatched cottage overlooks Hartham on the Ware end of the common, in Hertford. The view across the valley however is not from there; I have Photoshopped out the commercial estate opposite with a more rural view.
On The Topiary Cat Facebook page I am known as 'The Master'. But in reality I am only the Head Gardener...
I did this for a bit of fun, combining three of my passions: Photography, model making, and The Topiary Cat project.
The Vaudeville Theatre is a West End theatre on the Strand in the City of Westminster. As the name suggests, the theatre held mostly vaudeville shows and musical revues in its early days. It opened in 1870 and was rebuilt twice, although each new building retained elements of the previous structure. The current building opened in 1926, and the capacity is now 690 seats. Rare thunder drum and lightning sheets, together with other early stage mechanisms survive in the theatre.
The theatre was designed by prolific architect C. J. Phipps, decorated in a Romanesque style by George Gordon, and opened on 16 April 1870 with Andrew Halliday's comedy, For Love Or Money and a burlesque, Don Carlos or the Infante in Arms. A notable innovation was the concealed footlights, which would shut off if the glass in front of them was broken. The owner, William Wybrow Robertson, had run a failing billiard hall on the site but saw more opportunity in theatre. He leased the new theatre to three actors, Thomas Thorne, David James, and H.J. Montague. The original theatre stood behind two houses on the Strand, and the entrance was through a labyrinth of small corridors. It had a seating capacity of 1,046, rising in a horseshoe, over a pit and three galleries. The cramped site meant that facilities front and backstage were limited.
The great Shakespearean actor, Henry Irving, had his first conspicuous success as Digby Grant in James Albery's Two Roses at the Vaudeville in 1870, which held the theatre for what was at the time an extroardinarily successful run of 300 nights. The first theatre piece in the world to achieve 500 consecutive performances was the comedy Our Boys by H. J. Byron, which started its run at the Vaudeville in 1875. The production went on to surpass the 1,000 performance mark. This was such a rare event that London bus conductors approaching the Vaudeville Theatre stop shouted "Our Boys!" instead of the name of the theatre.
Jerome K. Jerome
In 1882, Thomas Thorne became the sole lessee, and in 1889 he demolished the houses to create a foyer block in the Adamesque style, behind a Portland Stone facade on the Strand. Once again, the architect was C.J. Phipps. The theatre was refurbished to have more spacious seating and an ornate ceiling. It reopened on 13 January 1891 with a performance of Jerome K. Jerome's comedy, Woodbarrow Farm, preceded by Herbert Keith's one-act play The Note of Hand. This foyer is preserved today, as is the four storey frontage. Dramatist W. S. Gilbert presented one of his later plays here, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, a burlesque "in Three Short 'Tableaux'" in 1891 (although he had published it in 1874 in Fun magazine). Also that year, Elizabeth Robins and Marion Lea directed and starred in Ibsen's Hedda Gabler at the theatre, and his Rosmersholm had its London premiere here.
In 1892, Thorne passed the lease to restaurateurs Agostino and Stefano Gatti, who were also the owners of the lease of the nearby Adelphi Theatre, since 1878. The first production at the new theatre was a revival of Our Boys. The lease briefly passed into the hands of Weedon Grossmith in 1894, but was back with the Gattis in 1896. The theatre became known for a series of successful musical comedies. The French Maid, by Basil Hood, with music by Walter Slaughter, first played in London at Terry's Theatre under the management of W.H. Griffiths beginning in 1897 but transferred to the Vaudeville in early 1898, running for a very successful total of 480 London performances. The piece starred Louie Pounds. Seymour Hicks and his wife Ellaline Terriss starred in a series of Christmas entertainments here, including their popular Bluebell in Fairyland (1901). Sadly, the foyer of the theatre had become infamous as the site of an argument in 1897 between Richard Archer Prince and Terriss's father, actor William Terriss. Soon after that argument, the deranged Prince stabbed William Terriss to death at the stage door of the Adelphi Theatre in Maiden Lane. Prince was a struggling young actor whom Terriss had tried to help.
Seymour Hicks
Hicks and Terriss also starred here in Quality Street, a comedy by J. M. Barrie, which opened at the Vaudeville in 1902 and held the stage for another long run of 459 performances. It had first played in New York in 1901 but ran there for only a modestly successful 64 performances, making it one of the first American productions to score a bigger triumph in London. This was followed by the 1903 musical The Cherry Girl by Hicks, with music by Ivan Caryll, starring Hicks, Terriss and Courtice Pounds. In 1904, Hicks scored an even bigger hit with the musical, The Catch of the Season, written by Hicks and Cosmo Hamilton, based on the fairy tale Cinderella. It had a very long run of 621 performances, starring Hicks, Zena Dare (who created the role of Angela when Ellaline Terriss's pregnancy forced her to withdraw; and Dare was later replaced by Terriss and then by Dare's sister, Phyllis Dare) and Louie Pounds.
John Maria and Rocco Gatti took over management of the Vaudeville in 1905. In 1906, the theatre hosted the very successful The Belle of Mayfair, a musical composed by Leslie Stuart with a book by Basil Hood, Charles Brookfield and Cosmo Hamilton, produced by Hicks' partner, Charles Frohman. It ran for 431 performances and starred Edna May, Louie and her brother Courtice Pounds, and Camille Clifford. In 1910, an English adaptation of The Girl in the Train (Die geschiedene Frau – literally, "The Divorcee"), a 1908 Viennese operetta by Leo Fall), opened at the Vaudeville. It was produced by George Edwardes, with lyrics by Adrian Ross and starred Robert Evett, Phyllis Dare and Rutland Barrington. In 1911, William Greet produced Baby Mine at the theatre. Betty Bolton made her debut in 1916, at the age of 10, in a revue called Some, at the theatre. During and after World War I, audiences sought light entertainment, and musical revues held the Vaudeville stage, including Cheep (1917), the long-running Just Fancy (1920) and Rats (1923), another popular revue. Albert Ketèlbey was one of the theatre's music directors.
Postcard of the Vaudeville Theatre, c. 1905
The theatre closed on 7 November 1925, when the interior was completely reconstructed to designs by Robert Atkins. The auditorium was changed from a horseshoe shape to the current rectangle shape, and the seating capacity reduced to just over 700. A new dressing room block with an ornate boardroom extended the site to Maiden Lane. The theatre reopened on 23 February 1926, with a popular revue by Archie de Bear called R.S.V.P., notable because its final rehearsal was broadcast by the BBC. The theatre then hosted William Somerset Maugham's comedy, The Bread-Winner in 1930. After World War II, the theatre presented William Douglas Home's play, The Chiltern Hundreds, which ran for 651 performances. The record-setting musical Salad Days, composed by Julian Slade with lyrics by Dorothy Reynolds and Slade, premiered at the Bristol Old Vic in 1954 but soon transferred to the Vaudeville, enjoying the longest run of any theatrical work up to that point in history. Another notable production at the theatre was Arnold Wesker's 1959 play, Chips with Everything.
A proposed redevelopment of Covent Garden by the GLC in 1968 saw the theatre under threat, together with the nearby Adelphi, Garrick, Lyceum and Duchess theatres. An active campaign by Equity, the Musicians' Union and theatre owners under the auspices of the Save London Theatres Campaign led to the abandonment of the scheme.
Cicely Courtneidge played at the theatre in The Bride Comes Back (1960) and Ray Cooney's Move Over Mrs. Markham (1971). Bill Treacher made his West End debut in 1963 in the comedy Shout for Life at the Vaudeville. In 1966, the theatre hosted Arsenic and Old Lace, starring Sybil Thorndike and her husband Lewis Casson. Brigid Brophy's The Burglar premiered at the theatre in 1967, and Joyce Rayburn's comedy, The Man Most Likely To..., starring Leslie Phillips, opened initially at the Vaudeville in 1968 and went on to run for over 1,000 performances in London.
In 1969, the Gatti family sold their interest in the theatre to Sir Peter Saunders, and in 1970 he commissioned Peter Rice to redesign the interior. Among other changes were a deep red wallpaper in the auditorium and more comfortable seats. Also, the loggia above the street was glazed to make the balcony an extension of the bar. The backstage lighting was rerigged, and a forestage lift and counterweight flying system were installed. The theatre achieved some protection in 1972 when it was Grade II listed. In 1983, ownership passed to Michael Codron and David Sutton. Stephen Waley-Cohen took ownership in 1996, passing it to Max Weitzenhofer in 2002.
Meanwhile, drama was added to the standard bill of fare at the theatre. Hugh Paddick starred in the Joyce Rayburn farce Out on a Limb at the theatre in 1976, and Patrick Cargill and Moira Lister co-starred in the farce Key for Two in 1982. Noël Coward's Blithe Spirit was revived at the theatre in 1986, and Willy Russell's play Shirley Valentine played in 1988, starring Pauline Collins. In 1990, Simon Gray's play Hidden Laughter was produced at the theatre, followed by Kander and Ebb's 1991 musical, 70, Girls, 70, starring Dora Bryan.
A 1996 revival of Salad Days, starring the duo Kit and The Widow, was not successful, but Jean Fergusson's show She Knows You Know!, in which she portrayed the Lancashire comedienne Hylda Baker, played at the theatre in 1997 and was nominated for a 1998 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Entertainment. Showtune, a musical revue celebrating the words and music of composer Jerry Herman and conceived by Paul Gilger was given a London production at the Vaudeville in 1998 under its previous title The Best of Times. That same year the theatre housed Kat and the Kings, which won the Olivier for Best New Musical and, in an unusual move, Best Actor in a Musical for its entire cast. Madame Melville, a play by Richard Nelson was presented in 2000. It marked the return of Macaulay Culkin to acting after a six year hiatus and also starred Irène Jacob and Madeleine Potter. In 2001 Ray Cooney's farce Caught in the Net, starring Russ Abbot and Eric Sykes, had a ten-month run.
The dance/performance art troupe Stomp was in residence at the theatre from 2002 to 2007. Since 2003, the theatre has been owned by Max Weitzenhoffer, and in 2005, the venue was brought under the management of Nimax Theatres Limited. [Wikipedia]
"The Master, GK and I, haven't been able to go and visit our preferred historic houses this year, so have only wandered around our local beautiful countryside. This field of oilseed crops is just up the road and rewarded us with this gorgeous drift of bright yellow earlier this year. The kestrel is no doubt looking for a tasty rodent, which is a shame really, but part of our natural world, as am I, though I have been somewhat adjusted in shape by Richard's shear – pun intended – imagination."
Well here we are again - back by popular demand (well one or two suggested it) but instead of boring the pants off you each week I'm reducing the input to once a month!
Starting with January 1971, here's a few extracts from my log:
4th January started off with Executive Boeing 737 N520L belonging to the LTV Corporation going OTT southbound heathrow.junkie caught her nicely at Luton: www.flickr.com/photos/heathrowjunkie/50609958223/in/photo...
but the star that day was a USAF ANG Boeing KC-97L Stratocruiser using call-sign 'Frane or Frame 35' which routed Ibsley-Dover, presumably one of those regular 'Creek Party' movements for tanking TDY in Germany.
I caught sister-ship 22630 at Greenham a couple of years later:
www.flickr.com/photos/29288836@N00/5316310271/in/photolis...
At the time I incorrectly assumed the call-sign was the last two of the serial but having realised my error I crossed out what I thought was the prefix. However, I never did find out which airframe she was!
Then to the 23rd!
An epic day and suffice to say being January, days were short on light but boy did we do a tour from our homes on the South Coast area. If I recall correctly, myself, fellow flickerite Keith Brooks and the late Richard Almond (ATCO at Shoreham) and probably one other, we set off calling at:
Fairoaks, then Blackbushe, RAF Bensen, Kidlington, Lower Heyford, RAF Upper Heyford, RAF Bicester, Booker, RAF Northolt, Heston, Denham, Heathrow and finally Gatwick!
Of those I've listed Upper Heyford had a variety of visiting NATO fast jets including a pair of Luftwaffe Fiat G-91's - here's one at Mildenhall a year later:
www.flickr.com/photos/29288836@N00/8497902583/in/photolis...
several Starfighters including FX-21 now preserved at Koksijde - courtesy of Stu Carr:
www.flickr.com/photos/15110856@N02/5919326682/in/photolis...
and the star being French Air Force T-33 14835/12-XE.
Chris England saw her there in June of that year:
www.flickr.com/photos/chrisengland/34414395995/in/photoli...
Several based F-111's were noted along with the resident HH-43 Huskies (Here's one of Mildenhall's, 24536 - such strange birds:
www.flickr.com/photos/29288836@N00/8512910026/in/photolis... )
Note that back then Upper Heyford used JR, JT and UR tail codes before standardising later on the more representative 'UH'.
In '76 68-0022/UH performed at Greenham:
www.flickr.com/photos/29288836@N00/34689761000/in/photoli...
Along with the NATO visitors, a pair of Lakenheath based F-100 Super Sabres were present (including 55-3692 which Gordon Riley caught there the year before:
www.flickr.com/photos/23711545@N08/50620128658/in/photoli...
plus a whole host of mixed mark F-4 Phantoms from USAFE bases at Ramstein, Zweibrucken, Bitburg and Soesterburg (Here's one of Soesterberg's F-4E's 68-0452/CR at Mildenhall a year later:
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Then on to nearby Bicester where one of the ailing RAF Beverley transports was noted on the dump there.
Chris England snapped her in August '71 before she finally expired:
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RAF Bensen had several Argosies that day and Spitfire TE311 was noted having been the former Gate Guard at RAF Tangmere. She's since been rebuilt and is currently one of the BBMF's fleet where I caught her performing at the 2014 Shoreham RAFA Airshow: www.flickr.com/photos/29288836@N00/16467636559/in/photoli...
Down to RAF Northolt and a single USAF C-131 was noted and driving back via Hayes, the Saunders Roe P.531 G-APNV was seen at the Fairey Works there - later preserved at Yeovilton Store:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_P.531#/media/File:SaroP531-XN3...
A quick look at Heathrow where Alitalia's Boeing 747 I-DEME appeared (Bob Garrard saw her at JFK in '77:
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and then home via Gatwick.
What a day!
From the details in the photo album I can be certain that this photo album once belonged to David John Saer who was the Headmaster at the Alexander Rd Council School in Aberystwyth.
He was born in 1868 in Ciffig nr Whitland Carmarthenshire Wales. On the 1911 census this is spelt Kiffig. His mother Anne was also from Ciffig b 1846 and his father James b 1846 was a Police Constable from St Clears Carmarthen. He had two brothers John Saer b1869 in Carmarthen and William Rees Saer b1877 in Llanelli Carmarthen.
David married Mary Howell in 1896
The 1911 census indicates they had had 3 children 1 had died. The 2 girls were Hywela Annie born 1901 and Gwenllian Margaret b 1905
David John Saer was one of 3 Headteachers at the Alexander Rd Council School in Aberystwyth. According to the Ceredigion County Council the school had one for the boys (which was David) one for Girls and one for infants. Alexandra Road School was built in 1874 for 600 children aged 5-14
In 1910 a new block was built for 240 more boys with a manual room for 20 boys and a new class room for 40 girls with a cookery centre.
David taught at the school for 33 years and left behind a legacy in the form of a no of publications inc The Bilingual Problem ... a study based upon Experiments and observations in Wales , Find on Pendinas and Inquiry into effect of bilingualism upon the intelligence of young children. There are many more.
His daughter Hywela obviously followed in the same path and became an Education Lecturer, UCW . She also published books including Modern language teaching in smaller secondary schools,
Modern language teaching in Wales, Note on Dr. Johnson.
Mr Saer was a regular visitor to Llanelli so perhaps hewas aboard the train on this day or the news travelled so quickly that he rushed to the scene to take this photo?
From the Welsh Newspapers Online newspapers.library.wales/home
THE LLANELLY RAILWAY WRECKI Thrilling Stories of the Disaster. LIST OF THE KILLED AND INJURED. The cause of the Breakdown.EXPLODED. H0R3E AND CART THEORY The tale of the dead in the Llanelly railway wreck, concerning which so many conflicting statements were current yesterday afternoon, appears, so far as the official reports to hand this morning show, to be limited to the number which, in our second Pink edition last night, we said would probably cover that side of the catastrophe. On the other hand, the number of injured has increased from the highest figure which we gave yesterday (viz., forty) to fifty. Very little more is known as to the cause of the accident. The horse and cart incident which was reported to us yesterday afternoon appears to have been with- out foundation, and the only suggestion yet made to account for the smash-up is that the banker engine was too light and unfitted for the speed at which the second engine was taking the train. At any rate, whatever the immediate cause the acciident has to be attributed to a mechanical breakdown.
The train which met with the disaster was the morning mail express from New Milford to Paddington, which was drawn by two engines at the time. The express reached Llanelly all right, but just as it was nearing Loughor at a high rate of speed the leading engine seems to have left the rails. By the impact this engine banker was smashed, two of the leading coaches were overturned and tumbled over the embankment, and two coaches were telescoped and reduced to matchwood. The driver of the banker engine was cut in two and killed instantly, the fireman succumbing to his injuries later, and two passengers also were killed, whilst the permanent way was torn up for a considerable distance and traffic interrupted.
Heartrending scenes were witnessed. I INTERVIEWS with PASSENGERS I Graphic Stories Told of the Disaster. By the same train which conveyed the injured to Swansea arrived several Swansea gentlemen who had been in the train to which the accident had occurred. These included Mr. Francis, butcher, a. well-known tradesman; and Mr. Haydn Evans, coal merchant. Mr. Francis was somewhat injured, and showed signs of blood on his body. Mr. Evans said he came up from Llanelly by the train. It was very crowded. He was in a second-class carriage, with his back to the engine, and there happened to be only four persons in the carriage. The train, which had two engines on, had, apparently, reached its top speed-it must have been going 50 miles an hour-when suddenly there came a tremendous. check to the speed. It was as if the train had left the rails, and was ploughing over obstacles on the side of the track. It must have gone 50 yards in the second or two it took to stop. He was pitched violently to the other side of the carriage, and, naturally, lost his head a bit. He never realised what had happened, but the carriage did not turn over like some of the others. As soon as he could he got out, and he should never forget the scene which met his gaze. The cries of the, injured and the yells I of others endeavoring to direct the rescue work were confusing. When the injured were got out it was a sickening sight. There were people with feet and legs, apparently, half off; others had deep gashes in their heads; and one man had a, ear hanging almost off. There were a few splendid fellows in the train. In particular Mr. Evans admired the conduct of two of the soldiers. They did splendid work in smashing doors to l get at the injured, and they evidently I had had good experience of ambulance work. They got down doors and lifted I people from the tops of the carriages. There was a doctor present whom Mr. Evans did not L-now-a. traveller by the train. He rendered splendid help, cutting up towels and all sorts of garments for bandages, and altogether did wonders in an emergency; but it was an awful wait. Aid seemed terribly slow in arriving. He (the narrator) was on the spot, surrounded by agonizing scenes, for quite an hour before they got the engine away.
Dr. Abel David, Gowerton, was the first local doctor to arrive. Mrs. Williams, of Loughor, came immediately to the train, and assisted greatly in the relief work. The train was in an awful state. Three or four carriages seemed to be overturned. The second engine kept to the road, but not the rails. It seemed so far as Mr. Evans could judge to have jumped the line. Mr. Evans escaped with a severe shaking, but he, naturally, appeared to be highly nervous and I excited.
Colonel's Story. I Colonel Graines, of Tenby, who was travel- ling with his daughter, was one of the passengers in the third carriage of the train. He described his first sensations in the accident thus: Everything was being shaken up like a pea in a drum. Things were falling off the tracks, people were staggering about. The glass in the windows all smashed, and then after a big jerk the carriage suddenly became still. We found we had run on to a slag heap at the side of the line. The first two carriages were toppled over on the engines. Someone opened the door from outside, then we got out into a. scene of the greatest I confusion. Some things were very pitiful. There was a poor girl wandering from carriage to carriage asking, Where's my dada; where's my dada?" I and the other people who had been in the same carriage knew that her father was mortally injured, but we could not tell her, and some of the ladies looked after her. She was afterwards taken to Landore by a. man who had two of his own children with him. I very much admired the gallant conduct of some gunners of the Field Artillery who had been riding in the train. Aa soon as the accident occurred they rushed to the assistance of the officials, and were of the greatest service in extricating and attending to the wounded. Do you know what was the cause of the accident?No, I do not, but it is a well- known fact that with two engines to a train one is liable to jump the line. The colonel concluded with a. tribute to the railway officials near the accident for the promptitude with which they dealt with it. He was told that one survivor had suggested I that the company might have sent the relief I train earlier. The company did all they could," he said. "They sent the train as soon as it I was possible to do so."
Cardiff Man's Thrilling Story. I Mr. James Turner, of 12. Corporation-road. Cardiff, was one of the passengers in the m-I fated, train when he reached Cardiff r gave one of our representatives a graphic I description of his experiences. He said: "I was in the fourth carriage from the engine, and we left Llanelly soon after one. Within half a mile of Loughor Station I suddenly felt the carriage give a jump. This was followed by a bigger. jump. Up I sprang from the seat, and said, 'By Jove, there'a. a collision.' Then I felt the carriage was shutting up like a concertina, and with that sprang to the. side and jumped clean through the window and fell about twelve or fourteen feet. As soon as I looked up I saw the carriage go over the line and rush down over the embankment. I got up and heard a terrible yell, 'For God's sake, help me.' Looking round I saw a gentleman. who was afterwards recognized as the Rev. J. E. Phillips, of Pontygwaith, lying under a beam. He had his thigh broken. I caught him by the collar and dragged him out, and thus saved him from immediate, death, for directly afterwards the carriage in which be traveled collapsed. "I got away the best I could, and made the rev. gentleman as comfortable as possible, and he then collapsed. I found that he had also received a severe blow on the head. "During this time there was a dead silence, and those who escaped seemed thoroughly cool. The execution was horrible, and what with those killed and injured the scenes were most heartrending. "No one can conceive," Mr. Turner ex- claimed, "the state the wreckage was in- some of it one side, some of it another. The whole line was blocked, and the line was ripped up for about 150 yards. There were a number of poor fellows under the wreckage- it was a crowded train and I saw the engine- driver lying dead, with his body jammed in the remains of the engine."
Scene Baffled Description. I A thrilling account of the accident was given by Mr. Richard Smith, who was on his way from Pembroke Dock to Wednesbury, in Staffordshire. Mr. Smith has served five year& on the pay-staff in South Africa, and has only recently returned to this country. Since his return he has been staying at Pembroke Dock, where his wife is now residing, and, being granted leave of absence, was on his I way to see his mother, who resides in King- street, Wednesbury. Mr. Smith was accompanied by his two children, a boy and girl. "The run from Pembroke to Llanelly," he said to our representative. was a splendid one. We had two engines, and the train. which had a. full complement of passengers, made excellent time. I was in the second carriage from the engine. It was a saloon carriage, and in my compartment were four ladies, my two children, and my- self. We started from Llanelly punctually, and had not proceeded far before we heard a most peculiar grating noise. At first we could not imagine the cause, and for a moment the noise ceased. A minute later, however, the noise was resumed, and the carriage in which we were travelling turned over on its side. 'A collision,* shouted someone in the carriage, and immediately there were scenes which it is impossible for me to adequately describe. The women in my compartment simply lost their heads. They shouted in a hysterical fashion, and implored everyone at random to save them from death. "Personally," continued Mr. Smith, "I quickly grasped what had happened. Seeing the carriage was on its side I smashed the windows, which were then above me, lifted out my two children, and placed them in positions of safety, and then turned my attention. to the women occupants in the same compartment. With difficulty they were got out on to the permanent way. Here the scenes almost bamed description. One man, who was in the same carriage as I was, sustained shocking injuries, and I guessed when I assisted him out of the window that he was mortally hurt. I understand that he died shortly afterwards. A little girl came I running along from carriage to carriage, crying, 'Where's my daddy ? Where's my daddy?' It was the dying man who was sought .by the little one. We pacified the girl as well as we co-aid, and, at the request of the railway authorities, I took charge of her until she reached Landore, whither she was bound. A woman in the same compartment bound for Devonport, suffered very badly from shock, but after a time was able to proceed on her journey as far as Cardiff. Another woman was cut about in a fearful manner. My two children sustained more or less serious injuries, and, as you will see, I was badly cut on my right hand and bruised on my head. The sights of rescue, the groans of the wounded, and the removal of the bodies are scenes which I shall never forget. I should like to add a word of praise to the medical gentlemen, who were simply indefatigable in their efforts on behalf of the injured." A Fearful Sight. I Our Neath representative says that a Neath I man, an employee of the Great Western Railway Company, was iu the train, and his experiences are interesting. Beinj an old railway hand and having been in nine previous railway accidents, I knew instantly that something serious had happened; in fact, that some part of the train was off the line. We went on for about 80 to 100 yards and then the final crash came. The end of our compartment was stove in with the terrible impact. The gentleman opposite me had his arm broken, and the other gentleman was severely shaken. I was knocked about and badly shaken, but, singularly enough, the lady and the child did not seem much the worse. "My first thoughts were for them. There was no chance of getting them out through either door, so I assisted them out through the roof, which was shattered, on to the roof of the next coach, and then to the ground." "What was the condition of the engines and I the coaches?" our representative asked. "Well, the bank engine was shattered and turned upside down, and the driver, whose name, I think, was Lloyd, was killed on the spot. Poor fellow! I searched for the body, ¡ and found his head among the debris of the l first engine in one place, the trunk in another, and the arms in another. It was a fearful sight. The stoker, whose name I don't know. was terribly injured, and I hear that he has died since." "Oh, you asked me as to the condition of the engines and the coaches. In regard to the second engine it was virtually shattered. The van following was reduced practically to matchwood, and from this we improvised the splints for the injured. The first coach was turned upside down, and the third had its end telescoped, and had fallen down over the I bank." "The end of the third coach was also telescoped, and the back part stove in. I was in this coach, and I have already told you what happened to the occupants. Nos. 4 and A coaches suffered severely, but ia p6 lesser degree, and the sixth and last coach was the only one which was left on the rails. The occupants of all suffered from severe shock, and when I left the actual number of casualties was not known." "What theory can you advance to account for the accident?" our representative asked. "It has been said that the bank engine collided with a horse and cart when passing the crossing." "There is no truth whatever in that, for we had parsed the crossing some distance before the accident happened." "Then what caused it?" "I cannot account for it. I have tried to account for the accident, but have failed."
Passengers Terror-Stricken Speaking to our representative, Mr. Wilkins (chairman of the Llanelly Urban District Council), who was a passenger by the train, said, that he could give, no explauation of what had occurred. That was for the rail- way authorities to do. All that he knew was that when the train was rattling along at a good speed he felt a sadden shock, and a moment later he knew that the train had left the track and was crushing through the slags on the embankment. He was thrown from his seat, and some flying timber crushed his leg. But this was. not serious. He added that the scene which presented itself to him as he got out of the train was one that he would never forget. The passengers, like himself, were all terror-stricken, and the plight of the ladies was pitiable in the extreme. He spoke in high terms of the kindness of the railway officials, and could not find words to express his appreciation of the splendid work done by the medic.at men, w.ho rose to the terrible emergency in a way that was splendid to see. Occupants of the First Carriage Interviewed. Our Swansea representative met and con- versed with several persons at Swansea who were in the very first carriage of the train- one which split up like matchwood and went down the embankment at the side. In a compartment in this carriage were Miss Church- ward, of Woking, Surrey, who had been staying with her sister, Mrs. Saunders, wife of Dr. Saunders, in Pembrokeshire. Also two little orphap. girls, Muriel and Dorothy Claxton, of Crawley, Sussex. They had been staying at Tenby, and were proceeding homewards. Mr. T. Francis,, cattle dealer, of Swansea, was in the same carriage, but in the next compartment. They had marvelous escapes, for all except the elder Miss Claxton (who sustained a fractured clavicle) were practically uninjured. Mr. Francis was seen by our representative after he had gone home and washed the blood from some nasty little cuts on the left side of his head and face. He asked where the little girls were, as he promised to take them to his home. in Swan- sea, and supply them with what they wanted for their journey, but he had lost them. "It was a terrible affair," said Mr. Francis. "Our carriage was smashed to pieces. After we felt the first bump we must have gone rocking and bumping along for nearly 100yds., during which time we were falling against and bumping each other fearfully. Then, apparently, the couplings of our carriage must have broken. The second engine went off the line to the right, and our carriage and the next one went on, as it were, into the place the second engine had occupied, and lay there side by side. I got up from where I had fallen^ and scrambled, through the. window, which was above that of the carriage next to it. I had to climb over the next carriage. The hot steam from the engine had filled our carriage, and at the same time there were flying cinders and splinters showered upon us, cutting, as it were, into our scalps. I got out, as I say, and I must say it was a terrible sight that met my gaze. The injured people seemed in terrible agony, and what the railway people were doing for about, an hour and a half after the accident I cannot make out. It was a scandalous shame." Miss Churchward and the two little Misses Claxton were taken to the Swansea Hospital by Superintendent Gill, and were not detained. They afterwards went to the Grand Hotel. Miss Churchward said the carriage seemed to go to splinters around them, and then there were splinters of wood driven against their heads. She escaped from the carriage without further injury. She lost her purse and some other things. The two Misses Claxton, girls of about sixteen and ten years of age respectively, seemed quite cheerful considering the experiences they had undergone. They were hatless, and their clothing was covered with dirt. The elder had been treated at the hospital, and her arm was- now bound up inside her coat. They intended proceeding to. London by the next train. Miss Claxton the elder said the whole thing occurred so suddenly that none of them could say really what happened. Her arm was hurt, but whether by being thrown against the woodwork of the carriage she could not say. The smaller Miss Claxton seemed none the worse, and seemed to treat the matter as a huge joke. "You are light, and you didn't fesl being; thrown about?" "That's it, I suppose," she said, laughingly, j "I've never been in a railway accident uetore. It was a nice finish to our holiday." Later on the girls were seen going to the station at Swansea without any hats, but still full of pluck and go. Miss Churchward had taken them under her charge. SENSATIONAL ACCOUNT. The Rev. Fuller Mills' Story. me nev. A. Fuller Mills, when seen by our Carmarthen representative at the hospital, was evidently in great agony. His leg had been fractured and terribly lacerated below the knee. He had just been visited by Dr. E. G. Price, Carmarthen, and seemed quite pleased to see another familiar face. He said he could not then attempt to describe what happened. "It was too terrible," he said. "I was on the grass for a. very long time without assistance, and my poor leg was in pieces. I am very thankful that it was not worse, though." "Can you see my coat?" asked Mr. Mills, who was lying in the cot. Our representative made a search under the bed, where he found the patient's clothes care- fully packed together. They were covered with blood, and torn. He wanted to know whether papers about which he was anxious were in his pocket. These were missing, and Mr. Mills remarked: "Ah! well, they have gone, I suppose, like my bag and other things. I don't know where they can be. The whole thing has been too terrible to think of." Screams and Crash of Glass The Misses Farley, of Tenby, who were passengers by the ill-fated train, were seen on Monday evening at Pantmawr, Whit- church, the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Davies, who are related to them, and with whom they are making a short stay, having specially traveled up from Tenby for that purpose. The young ladies were naturally much perturbed, although they were able to give an intelligent account of their experience and miraculous escape. They started from Tenby by the 10.55 train. They were seen off at the station by their friends. Miss Farley, sen., wished to ride in the compartment of a corridor carriage three or four carriages from the engine, but her younger sister and her friends prevailed upon her to get into a compartment at the lower end of the same carriage. The carriage being a through one they did not change at Whitland. In the same compartment were seven or eight other passengers. Everything went well until a short time after they left Llanelly, when they heard a noise, and the luggage was suddenly precipitated upon them. They naturally became alarmed, and soon after they could hear screams and the crash of broken glass. All the passengers in the compartment had by this time become alarmed and agitated. The Misses Farley j made an appeal for the door to be opened, but they were asked to becalm themselves Then the two girls clutched each other. thinking that if they were to die they would die together. A student who was in the same compartment got through the window and jumped down. Then a voice and a cry was heard as if it came from the top of the carriage, and on looking up they could see Colonel Goodeve, of Ivy Tower, Tenby, and a woman with a small baby walking above their heads. Evidently the colonel and the woman with the child had scrambled on to the top of the coach for safety. The little child had a nasty cut on its head. Eventually the Misses Farley were released from their prison and taken down the embankment, where they were told to sit. Every attention was shown to them by the officials, and they were given some brandy, as were the others who had escaped death. The front part of the carriage in which they traveled was smashed, and if the elder Miss Farley had not fallen in with the wishes of her sister and friends to ride in the compartment at the lower end of the carriage there is no doubt they would have been killed. One poor woman, said the elder Miss Farley, who was in the lavatory in the carriage at the time of the accident, had her foot cut off, while Dr. Reid, of Tenby, sustained a nasty cut on the head. She herself was all right, with the exception that her shoulder was slightly hurt by the luggage falling upon it. Asked to describe the scene, Miss Farley said it was impossible. She never witnessed such a thing-women with their arms through their blouses cut and bleeding; men cut on the face and head, with their clothes and shirts saturated with blood, and, above all, the cries and groans of those who had been more severely injured, and of those who were dying. "Ah!" she said, in conclusion, "the scene is one I cannot describe. and is one which I trust..it will not be . I have to thank my sister and my friends for my life. If we traveled in the compartment into which I first entered we should both have been killed." A Terrible Sight. Mr. Samuel, an articled pupil to a. firm of surveyors and architects, gave our Llanelly representative a graphic account of the occurrence
I was standing in a corridor of the express with Mr. Wade when all of a sudden the train dropped on to the permanent way from the metals. It crunched along for a few yards, and then came to a sudden standstill. All who were in the corridor were thrown to the ground. Our compartment threatened to topple over on its side, and as soon as I recovered myself I got out and found a terrible scene. The first engine had turned completely round, and was a mass of ruin, while the coaches had been crushed to pieces. The Montreal was off the metals, but it stood fairly entire, but its tender was a shapeless mass. We found the body of the driver of the banker engine under the wheels of the express engine, death having been, happily, instantaneous in his case. The lot of the passengers was pitiable in the extreme, and I could not help feeling sorry for the ladies, some of whom were in the last stage of prostration, although they had not sustained any bodily hurt. I was carrying with me some of my instruments, including a drawing board, rulers, scales, &c. These were promptly utilized as splints for the service of the injured ones, and I was glad that they should come in useful in such an emergency." "The Shock was Awful."
Another passenger, Miss Williams, of Carmarthen, said: was on my way to London. We were about half a mile out of Loughor, when all of a sudden we found our- selves hurled right across the carriage. Then we heard cries from all parts of tue train. Our own carriage was about the third from the engine, and as soon as the crash occurred we found the carriage swaying and leaping under us, as though we were on a ship. We were not hurt, but the shock was awful. The worst part of it was the agonising cries of the injured. The poor engine-driver was cut up into three pieces, and there were others whose limbs were badly shattered and mutilated. I could not say how many people were killed. The ground was torn up for a long distance, and the first engine appeared to be smashed to pieces. It was a scene I shall never forget. The screams of the injured passengers are still ringing in my ears. It was horrible. We were brought on by a special train, which was dispatched to the scene."
GRAPHIC STORY BY COLONEL GOODEVE. Touching Tribute to a Young Lady. One of the travelers by the train was Colonel Goodeve, who will be remembered by artillerymen, Regular and Auxiliary, in South Wales as having been for some years the officer commanding the Severn Defences. In that position he frequently visited Cardiff, and was on very friendly terms with the late Sir Edward Hill, K.C.B., M.P. Having retirêd i from the Army, he now lives at Ivy Tower, about three miles from Tenby, and was on a. journey to London when the accident happened. It was in the Royal Hotel, at Cardiff, that one of our reporters found him. He said:- "We left Llanelly about two minutes after one o'clock on Monday afternoon. About twenty minutes later we found that some- thing had gone wrong. The carriage in which I was, a corridor one, began to rock violently, and the passengers were hurled about in all directions. It was clear that the carriage had left the track." "What part of the train were you in?" "There were two engines, one, I under- stand being a bank engine, and the carriage in which I was was next to that engine." "Well, what happened next?" "After we got about 50 or 60 yards we found that we were brought to a dead stop on the side of an embankment, and almost parallel with the engine, but about ten feet lower. It appears to me that the couplings must have broken, and ours was pitched head foremost against a bank at the bottom of a rising hill. This brought us to a dead stop, and the whole front of the carriage in which I was riding was smashed up. The fore part of my own compartment was wrecked, but the damage did not reach the side upon which I was sitting. Then I saw on a still lower level, opposite to the compartment in which I was, another carriage, which had turned over partly on its side. just at that moment there was a rush of steam which almost blinded us, and the women who were in our carriage commenced to scream. Every effort was made to allay their fears, and when the steam cleared away a little we could see that we could get out of the window, and get upon the carriage which had turned over just below us. We saw that the women were removed first, nearly all of whom were more or less injured, but so far as I could see not fatally so." "I suppose that the excitement at this time was very great?" suggested the pressman. "It was," came the reply, "but it was nothing to what we had to experience later. One or two of those who had sustained the more severe injuries, such as broken limbs, were left behind until further help could be obtained. They were safe for the time, and we might have done more harm in attempting to remove them than by allowing them to remain. "How many were in your compartment?" "Seven or eight." "You seemed to have had a marvelous escape?" "Yes, I only had a Blight cut across the nose. Most of the others were bleeding badly, gome from the head, while others evidently had received bodily injuries." "Now, I understand you got out from your carriage on to the other which was on a lower level, and which had partly turned over?" "Several got out in that way, myself among the number. The more agile ones climbed down the embankment, but I waited until some steps were brought. A friend of mine, I may mention, was riding in the same train â Dr. Reid, of Tenby. He was a good bit cut about the head, and went away somewhere. He was in the next compartment to me towards the rear, but the train being of the corridor description, we walked to and fro." "Now, I am afraid, we are coming to the worst of it. What took place when you got clear from the wrecked carriages?" "Yes, you are right. It was, indeed, a terrible scene. What with the hysteria of the women and the groans of the dying it was a scene which was to the last degree saddening. One man, who was in the same carriage as myself, only lived five or six minutes after he was brought out. As a matter of fact, he never spoke after he was brought out. He appeared to be smashed up altogether, so that it was impossible for me to say what his injuries were. So far as I could gather, most of the killed were in the first coaches." How many coaches were there on the train?" "I believe the number was eight. The two first ran down the embankment, three turned turtle,' and three remained on the rails. My opinion is that the first engine was' stopped as quickly as possible for some reason; that the second, with the weight of the load behind, was smashed up in a. most marvelous way, and the two first carriages broke away. My idea is that the whole thing was due to a subsidence in the track." "Now, what assistance was there?" "In that respect the passengers were rather unfortunate. Loughor is a little place, and it was an hour before any help came from there, and it was an hour and a haJf before any assistance came from Swansea . There was a doctor there, who rendered ail assistance he could but he could not attend to all." I A Brave Girl. Our reporter had thanked Colonel Goodeve for his information and left the room, when he was called back to receive one of the most interesting parts of the sad story. I should have told you," said the colonel, that all the passengers rendered every possible assistance. Among those was a fair-haired girl, who, badly hurt herself, did all she could to bring comfort to others. She remembered that she had some brandy in a small travelling-bag, and brought it out. and went round among the more severely wounded giving them mouthfuls of the liquid until the doctors arrived." Colonel Goodeve added that he saw the driver of one of the engines with his head across the rail and a wheel upon his neck. That, he added, was sufficient to unnerve anybody. The rails were torn up, and the end of one section was about 18ft. above the permanent way. I SINGULAR INCIDENTS. I Heroism of the Injured. The list of the injured includes the name of a man who had his two legs injured and an arm fractured. He was brought down to Llanelly in a special train, but instead of going to the hospital he chose to return to his home in Swansea-, and accommodation was, therefore, provided for him in the branch train from Llanelly. In spite of his terrible injuries, he was perfectly composed, I and the last seen of him was his calmly smoking a, cigarette as the train steamed out. Scenes at Llanelly Station. The scene at the Llanelly Station on Monday, evening upon the arrival of the train conveying the injured passengers was most pathetic. There was a crowd of anxious lookers-on 'who had relatives in the ill-fated train. No information could be given as to the identity of the sufferers, and a period of anxious suspense followed, as each of them was care- fully removed to a conveyance in waiting and driven to the hospital. Llanelly was practically denuded of the services of its medical men. Among those who were quickly on the scene were Doctors D. J. Williams, S. Williams, A. Brookes, S. J. Roderick, J. L. Davies, Edgar Davies, E. Evans, and Harry Roberts. All these were in the evening in attendance at the hospital completing the good work they had commenced in the afternoon. Passenger's Strange Delusion. A young man, gesticulating amongst the crowd of spectators, declared that he had seen a boot with a foot inside by the embankment. A search was immediately made for the supposed body. The man seemed to be terribly in earnest about his discovery, but the searchers found no trace of what he had imagined. This was one of many incidents which went to show how highly strung the frightened passengers were after their terrible experience. Providential Escape. Among those who traveled by the express was Vr. M'Bride, who entered the train at Tenby, He had intended going to Swansea, but upon arriving at Llanelly he decided to break his journey there and go on by a later train. He was sitting in a smoking compartment in the forward part of the train which was completely' wrecked, and turned over OIl the embankment, all the occupants of the compartment being severely injured. Mr. M'Bride looks upon his escape as provident. Policeman and the Little Girl. One very pathetic incident is recorded by Police-constable Williams, of Loughor. He was one of the first police officers to arrive on the scene of the catastrophe, and, having r studied ambulance work, he asked Dr. Trafford Mitchell (Gorseinon) whether he could render any assistance. "Yes," replied Dr. Mitchell, "there is a little girl over there with a, broken arm. Go and see what you can do for her." Williams went over. The little girl was pale, crying in great pain. She told him that her arm was extremely painful. Williams went off to find splints and bandages, and after a few minutes he went back to the little girl. But his charge had vanished. She had been., hurried off to either Llanelly or Swansea, Hospital. Sympathy from Llanelly. At the meeting of the Llanelly Borough. Council on Monday the Chairman, Mr. D. J. Davies, said that he had just heard that a serious disaster had occurred on the Great. Western Railway near Llanelly, and that a large number of persons had been seriously injured, if not killed. It was impossible to ascertain exactly what had occurred, but they could well understand the anxiety that prevailed in the town, knowing as they did that a large number of Llanellyites were in the train. He was glad to state that one of the members of the council, in the person of Mr. W. Wilkins, who was a passenger, had escaped without injury. Their deepest sympathy went out to the relatives of the men who had been killed, and he proposed a vote of sympathy with them in their bereavement. This was seconded by Mr. D. Bees Edmonds,, and carried in silence. The news of the disaster was officially communicated by the local branch of the Bail- waymen's Association to Mr. D. Bees Edmonds, their Llanelly legal representative. Mr., Edmonds at once placed himself in communication with Mr. Richard Bell, M.P. It is expected that Mr. Bell will visit the scene to-' day (Tuesday). Heroic Suflerer at Swansea. A heroic sufferer was Private Savage, of that Shropshire Regiment, who, although found at, Swansea Hospital to have shocking injuries to the head which made his case a serious one, when the doctors came to look at him. on the platform, said, Never mind me, boys; go and assist the others. I'm all right." He limped away to the cab which. took him to the hospital. Soldiers' Good Work. Some seven or eight of the soldiers belonging to different regiments, who traveled by the train, were among the most heroic workers of & very heroic band. They proved themselves veritable "handy-men." Whether in removing the wreckage from its resting- place upon some poor unfortunate sufferer. or in conveying the wounded to the special trains for conveyance to the hospitals, they were equally energetic. A Guardsman who had two medals on his breast was very prominent among the soldier workers, and another ma-n with four medals worked like a Trojan. as indeed did all the gallant members of the, Army, one of whose number was among the injured. The splendid services rendered by the soldiers was one of the bright features of a terribly tragic affair. No Money for Telegrams. Two little girls travelling together to London dictated to Mr. Pugh, of the Y, a wire to relatives. Desiring to pay for it they searched for their purses, but found they were lost beneath the debris. Miss Churchward, of Pembroke, found her- self in similar trouble from which, however, she was at once relieved by Mr. Pugh, who dispatched the telegrams by special messengers. A little girl, named Finn, travelling to Cadoxton with her father, escaped injury herself, but her parent was badly hurt, and the grief of the child was heartrending. The farmers, colliers, and cottagers of the neighborhood treated the strangers with kindness.
Even imaginary Topiary Cats need a drink at times. Preferably with a hint of fish. www.facebook.com/topiarycat
www.vycombe-arts.co.uk/onlineshop/cat_1069237-Richard-Sau...
BL Add MS 62925
Date c 1260
Title Psalter, Use of Sarum ('The Rutland Psalter')
Content Contents: ff. 1r-6v: Calendar, use of Sarum, with the feasts for each month in red, blue and gold, with small roundels of the labours of the month and the zodiac symbols.ff. 7r-v: Volvelle compass, 15th century insertion.ff. 8v-143r: Psalter, Use of Sarum.ff. 143r-155v: Canticles and Athanasian Creed.ff. 155v-159v: Litany and prayers to various saints.ff. 160r-168r: Office of the Dead.ff. 169r-190v: Added prayers and devotions.Decoration:The decoration in this volume is the work of four major artists and their assistants (see Morgan, ‘The Artists of the Rutland Psalter’, 1987). 7 full-page or partial-page miniatures in gold and colours (ff. 8v, 29r, 43r, 55r, 83v, 97v, 112v), 8 historiated initials (ff. 29v, 43v, 55v, 56r, 68v, 84r, 98r, 99v), and 1 major decorated initial (f. 113r). 24 calendar roundels of the signs of the zodiac and labours of the month (ff. 1r-6v). Diagram, volvelle compass (f. 7r). Minor initials, inhabited and decorated, and extensive bas-de-page figural scenes with men, grotesques, demons, animals, birds, dragons, and foliage; some scenes taken from bestiaries and the Marvels of the East. Partial borders, some with hybrids and grotesques, and line-fillers, some fully painted. Some decoration is unfinished (e.g. f. 28v, at the end of Psalm 25), and f. 68r, which is blank, was probably intended to contain a miniature preceding Psalm 68.Miniatures and major initials:f. 7r: Volvelle compass, 15th century insertion.f. 8v: full-page historiated initial ‘B’(eatus) of King David harping, and the Judgement of Solomon, amidst men in combat astride lions and dragons, with roundels containing scenes from Creation and men in combat, at the beginning of Psalm 1, with a curtain above.f. 29r: full-page miniature of the Anointing and Crowning of King David, with Christ above flanked by the Sun (marked as a Host) and Moon, before Psalm 26; pasted in on a separate piece of parchment. f. 29v: historiated initial ‘D’(ominus) of Christ healing the blind man, at the beginning of Psalm 26.f. 43r: full-page miniature of Balaam, riding an ass, meeting the Angel wielding a sword, before Psalm 38, with a curtain above. f. 43v: historiated initial ‘D’(ixi) of King David pointing to his mouth, with a youth pointing upwards, at the beginning of Psalm 38.f. 55r: full-page miniature of Saul threatening King David, before Psalm 51, with a curtain above.f. 55v: historiated initial ‘Q’(uid) of Saul and Ahimelech as a king about to behead a priest kneeling before an altar (a misunderstanding of Doeg killing Ahimelech), at the beginning of Psalm 51.f. 56r: historiated initial ‘D’(ixit) of King David and the Fool, with God above, at the beginning of Psalm 51.f. 68v: historiated initial ‘S’(alvum) of Christ holding a host, above Jonah being thrown from a boat to the whale below, at the beginning of Psalm 68. f. 83v: three-quarter page miniature of Jacob’s dream of the ladder, before Psalm 80, with a curtain above.f. 84r: historiated initial ‘E’(xultate) of Jacob wrestling with the angel, at the beginning of Psalm 80.f. 97v: half-page miniature of King David playing the organ, accompanied by youths with bellows and hurdy gurdy, before Psalm 97.f. 98r: historiated initial ‘C’(antate) of King David harping, accompanied by musicians, at the beginning of Psalm 97.f. 99v: historiated initial ‘D’(omine) of a king and queen kneeling before an altar, with Christ above with a sword in his mouth, at the beginning of Psalm 101. f. 112v: full-page miniature of Christ in Majesty, surrounded by the four symbols of the Evangelists, before Psalm 109, with a curtain above.f. 113r: illuminated initial ‘D’(ixit), at the beginning of Psalm 109.
Languages Latin
Physical Description
Materials: Parchment codex.
Dimensions: 285 x 205 mm (text space: 185 x 135 mm).
Foliation: ff. 190 (+ 3 foliated parchment flyleaves at the beginning and 2 fragmentary parchment flyleaves at the end; f. i is a paste-down on the inside front cover and f. v is a paste-down on the inside back cover; f. 191 is a fragmentary foliated leaf).
Collation: i6 (f. 7 is a 15th century insertion); ii-xxiii8; xxiv8-2 (lacking leaves 7 & 8).
Script: Gothic (textualis quadrata).
Binding: Pre-1600 (between 1515 and 1530) blind-stamped binding with an armorial panel, gold-tooled spine, and two clasps (some of the original metalwork has been replaced and is boxed with the manuscript).
Ownership Origin: England (London?).The family of Edmund de Lacy, second Earl of Lincoln (b. c. 1230, d. 1258): his obit added to the calendar for 24 May (f. 3r). Richard de Talbot, second Baron Talbot, of Irchingfield and Goodrich (b. c. 1306, d. 1356): his obit, 'Obitus dni Ric Talebot dni de Iirchenfeld et castri godr anno dni mccclvi', now erased, added to the calendar for 22 October (f. 5v). 'Umfrehay' with motto 'verray et secrete', inscribed between 1400 and 1499 (f. v and f. 168r, under erasure). William Vaux (b. c. 1410, d. 1460), Sheriff of Northamptonshire (1436) and MP for Northamptonshire (1442): his obit in added to the calendar for 10 November (f. 6r). Henry Gairstang (d. 1464): his obit added to the calendar for 12 September (f. 5r).John Hawghe, Justice of the Common Pleas (d. 1488/9): his obit added to the calendar for 14 March (f. 2r).John Clifton, Prior of Reading Abbey between 1486 and 1490: ex libris donation inscription, under erasure: ‘Iste liber est dono dompni Johannis Clifton prioris venerabilis monasterii de Radyng quem fieri alienaverit vel de eo fraudem fecerit anathema sit’ (f. iv verso). The Clunaic Abbey of Reading, Reading, Berkshire: given to the Abbey by John Clifton, 1490.Ethelbert Burdet, canon of Lincoln, 1565: his inscription, dated 2 October 1587 (f. ii recto). Bossewell (?): 17th century inscription (f. v). Waren (?): 17th century inscription (f. v).John Henry Manners, fifth Duke of Rutland (b. 1778, d. 1857): manuscript catalogue of Belvoir Castle Library 1825, pressmark 'C. 6. 5' (f. i). Purchased by the British Library from the trustees of the ninth Duke of Rutland's estate, through Christies, with the assistance of the National Art Collections Fund, the Friends of the National Libraries, the National Heritage Memorial Fund and the G. B. Shaw Fund, in December 1983.
Bibliography
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John W. Mackail, The Life of William Morris, (London: Longmans, 1901), vol. 2, p. 329.
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Sydney Carlyle Cockerell, Illustrated Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts (London: Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1908), no. 43, pl. 41.
J. A. Herbert, Illuminated Manuscripts (London: Methuen and Co., 1911), pp.188-90.
Eric George Millar, English Illuminated Manuscripts from the Xth to the XIIIth Century (Paris: Van Oest, 1926), pp. 53, 96, 121, pls. 78-80.
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Victoria and Albert Museum, English Medieval Art: Exhibition Catalogue (London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1930), no. 156 [exhibition catalogue].
Eric George Millar, The Rutland Psalter: A Manuscript in the Library of Belvoir Castle, (Oxford: Roxburghe Club, 1937).
Hans Swarzenski, 'Unknown Bible Pictures by W. de Brailes', Journal of the Walters Art Gallery, I (1938), p.63.
Günther Haseloff, Die Psalterillustration im 13. Jahrhundert. Studien zur Buchmalerei in England, Frankreich und den Niederländen (Kiel, 1938), p. 61, table 16.
Stanley Morison and Bruce Rogers, Black-Letter Text (Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1942), p. 35.
Louis Réau, La Miniature (Melun: Librairie d’Argences, 1946), p. 119, pl. 44.
A. Hollaender, 'The Sarum Illuminator and his School', Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, 50 (1943), p. 261.
Aron Andersson, English Influence in Norwegian and Swedish Figure Sculpture in Wood, 1220-1270 (Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvetets akademien, 1950), pp. 184, 265.
Horst Woldemar Janson, Apes and Ape Lore in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance (London: Warburg Institute, 1952), pp.110, 146, 193, n.60, pl. XXa.
Margaret Josephine Rickert, Painting in Britain: the Middle Ages (London: Penguin Books, 1954), p. 105.
R. Freyhan, 'Joachism and the English Apocalypse', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 18 (1955), p. 235.
F. Nordstrom, 'Peterborough, Lincoln and the Science of Robert Grosseteste', Art Bulletin, 37 (1955), p. 252.
Lucy Freeman Sandler, ‘A Series of Marginal Illustrations in the Rutland Psalter’, Marsyas: Studies in the History of Art 8 (1959), pp. 70-74.
Jurgis Baltrušaitis, Réveils et Prodiges, le Gothique Fantastique (Paris : A. Colin, 1960), pp. 147, 150-52, 321, figs. 34, 36, 37, 38a, 38c, 11b.
M. Schapiro, 'An Illuminated English Psalter of the Early Thirteenth Century', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, XXIII (1960), pp. 180, 184, pl. 24e.
R. Horlbeck, 'The Vault Paintings of Salisbury Cathedral', Archaeological Journal, CXVII (1962), p. 119.
F. McCulloch, 'The Funeral of Renart the Fox in a Walters Book of Hours', Journal of the Walters Art Gallery, 25/26 (1962/1963), p. 14, no. 17.
Erwin Panofsky, 'The Ideological Antecedents of the Rolls-Royce Radiator', Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 107 (1963), pp. 277-78, figs. 10, 11.
Neil R. Ker, Medieval Libraries of Great Britain (London: Royal Historical Society, 1964), pp. 155, 295.
Derek Howard Turner, Early Gothic Illuminated Manuscripts in England (London: British Museum, 1965), p. 23.
William M. Hinkle, The Portal of the Saints of Reims Cathedral: A Study in Mediaeval Iconography (New York: College Art Association of America, 1965), p. 34, fig. 47.
Lilian M. C. Randall, Images in the Margins of Gothic Manuscripts (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966), p. 10, figs. 40, 101, 103, 202, 321, 362, 382, 416, 451, 454, 458, 502, 547, 663, 718, 731, 739.
Lilian M. C. Randall, 'Humour and Fantasy in the Margins of an English Book of Hours', Apollo, 84 (1966), pp. 487-88.
Peter H. Brieger, English Art 1216-1307, Oxford History of English Art 4, 2nd edn. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968), pp.158, no.1, 178-79.
G. Henderson, 'Studies in English Manuscript Illumination, II', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 30 (1967), p. 118.
Werner Bachmann, The Origins of Bowing and the Development of Bowed Instruments in the Thirteenth Century (London: Oxford University Press, 1969), p. 109, fig. 86.
Howard Helsinger, ‘Images on the Beatus Page of Some Medieval Psalters,’ The Art Bulletin 53, no. 2 (June 1971), pp. 161-76 (p. 171).
Jean Perrot, The Organ from its Invention in the Hellenistic Period to the end of the Thirteenth Century (London: Oxford University Press, 1971), pp. 282-83, 285, pl. XXVII.2.
Johannes Zahlten, Creatio Mundi. Darstellungen der sechs Schöpfungstage und naturwissenschaftliches Weltbild im Mittelalter (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1979), pp. 64, 247.
John Block Friedman, The Monstrous Races in Medieval Art and Thought (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981), pp. 139-40, figs. 40a, 40b.
Lucy Freeman Sandler, 'Reflections on the Construction of Hybrids in English Gothic Marginal Illustration', in Art the Ape of Nature: Studies in Honor of H.W. Janson, ed. by Moshe Barasch and others (New York: H. N. Abrams, 1981), pp. 54-55, 65, no. 38, fig. 7.
Kerstin Rodin, Räven Predikar för Gässen: en studie av ett ordspråk I senmedeltida ikonografi (Uppsala: Upsalla universitet, 1983), pp. 47, 52, fig. 12.
Susann Palmer, ‘Origin of the Hurdy-Gurdy: A Few Comments’, The Galpin Society Journal 36 (March 1983), pp. 129-31.
Derek Howard Turner, 'The Rutland Psalter', National Art-Collections Fund Review (1984), pp. 94-97.
Nigel Morgan, 'The Artists of the Rutland Psalter', British Library Journal, 13, no. 2 (Autumn 1987), pp. 159-85.
Andrew G. Watson and Neil R. Ker, Medieval Libraries of Great Britain: Supplement to the Second Edition (London: Royal Historical Society, 1987), [Reading, formerly Belvoir, Duke of Rutland].
Nigel Morgan, Early Gothic Manuscripts (II) 1250-1285, Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 4 (London: Harvey Miller, 1988), no. 112.
Adelaide Bennett, 'A Book Designed for a Noblewoman’, in Medieval Book Production: Assessing the Evidence: Proceedings of the Second Conference of The Seminar in the History of the Book to 1500, Oxford, July 1988, ed. by Linda L. Brownrigg, (Los Altos Hills, California: Anderson-Lovelace, 1990), pp. 1163-181 (p. 1181).
Claire Donovan, The de Brailes Hours: Shaping the Book of Hours in Thirteenth-Century Oxford (London, British Library, 1991), p. 203. no. 24.
Michael Camille, Image on the Edge: The Margins of Medieval Art (London: Reaktion, 1992), pl. 6.
Janet Backhouse, The Illuminated Page: Ten Centuries of Manuscript Painting in the British Library (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), no. 64.
Alan Coates, English Medieval Books: The Reading Abbey Collections from Foundation to Dispersal (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999), p. 161 no. 94.
John Higgitt, The Murthly Hours: Devotion, Literacy and Luxury in Paris, England and the Gaelic West (London: British Library, 2000), pp. 81, 154.
Lucy Freeman Sandler, ‘The Images of Words in English Gothic Psalters’, in Studies in the Illustration of the Psalter, ed. by Brendan Cassidy and Rosemary Muir Wright (Stamford: Shaun Tyas, 2000), pp. 67-86 (p. 76, 77).
Alixe Bovey, Monsters and Grotesques in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2002) p. 51, fig. 43.
Debra Higgs Strickland, Saracens, Demons, & Jews: Making Monsters in Medieval Art (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003), fig. 17, 55, 59.
Paul Binski, Becket’s Crown: Art and Imagination in Gothic England 1170-1300 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), pl. 211.
F. O. Büttner, ‘Der illuminierte Psalter im Westen’, in The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose and Placement of its Images, ed. by F. O. Büttner, (Belgium: Brepols, 2004), pp. 1-106 (pp. 17, 20).
Alison Stones, 'The Full-Page Miniatures of the Psalter-Hours New York, PML, ms M.729: Progamme and Patron', in The Illuminated Psalter: Studies in the Content, Purpose and Placement of its Images, ed. by F. O. Büttner, (Belgium: Brepols, 2004), pp. 281-307 (p. 297, no. 19).
The Cambridge Illuminations: Ten Centuries of Book Production in the Medieval West, ed. by Paul Binski and Stella Panayotova (London: Harvey Miller, 2005), p. 112.
Nigel Morgan, 'The Trinity Apocalypse: Style, Dating and Place of Production', in The Trinity Apocalypse (Trinity College Cambridge, MS R.16.2) (London: British Library, 2005), pp. 23-43 (pp. 26, 28, 30, figs 22-23).
Treasures of the British Library, ed. by Nicolas Barker and others (London: British Library, 2005), p. 261.
Laura Kendrick, ‘Making Sense of Marginalized Images in Manuscripts and Religious Architecture’, in A Companion to Medieval Art: Romanesque and Gothic in Northern Europe, ed. by Conrad Rudolph (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006), pp. 286-88, fig. 13-2.
Asa Simon Mittman, Maps and Monsters in Medieval England (New York: Routledge, 2006), fig. 5.5.
Deirdre Jackson, Marvellous to Behold: Miracles in Medieval Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2007), pl. 26.
Scot McKendrick and Kathleen Doyle, Bible Manuscripts (London: British Library, 2007), p. 109, fig. 96.
Margaret Scott, Medieval Dress & Fashion (London: British Library, 2007), pl. 36.
Lucy Freeman Sandler, Studies in Manuscript Illumination, 1200-1400 (London: Pindar Press, 2008).
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www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=add_ms_62925
www.bl.uk/collection-items/the-rutland-psalter
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Posting shots on other social media showed me many churches had to be revisited. Just about the last one to be thus revisited was Minster-in-Thanet, as the album had 55 shots from two previous visits, and I thought such a large and imposing church deserved more.
So, after seeing online its now open every day, we headed off there this morning.
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Minster Abbey on the Isle of Thanet was founded in AD 669 by Domneva, niece of King Erconbert of Kent. The enormous parish church, built some distance to the south-west of the abbey, dates from two distinct periods. The nave is Norman, a magnificent piece of twelfth-century arcading with tall cylindrical pillars. The chancel and transepts are thirteenth century, with a three-light east window, each one double shafted inside. This end of the church has a simple stone vaulted ceiling which adds greatly to the grandeur. The glass is by Thomas Willement and dates from 1861. Ewan Christian restored the church in 1863 and added vaulted ceilings to the transepts. They had been intended by the medieval designers, but were never built. There is a set of eighteen fifteenth-century stalls with misericords and an excellent sixteenth-century font and cover.
kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Minster+in+Thanet
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MINSTER.
THE next parish to Monkton eastward is Minster, antiently written both Mynstre, and Menstre, being so named from the Saxon word Minstre, signifying a church or monastery. It is divided into two boroughs, viz. Way Borough and Street Borough; the former of which lies on the ascent on the northern side of the street; the latter contains the street and church, with the southern part of the parish.
THIS PARISH is about three miles and an half from east to west, and near as much from north to south. The farms in it are perhaps as large as in any other parish in this county; the occupiers of which are, in general, men of considerable ability. The west part of this parish is bounded by a lynch or balk, which goes quite across the island to Westgate, called St. Mildred's Lynch, an account of which has already been given before, and which is the bounds of this manor from that of Monkton, as well as of the parish. This lynch has formerly been much broader than it is now, many of the farmers, who occupy lands bounding on or near it, having through a coveteous humour, not only dug up the mould or top of it, to lay on their land, but in some places have ploughed upon it. Too many instances of this kind are practised in other places, not only of this island, but of the county in general, so that there is scarce a remembrance left where those balks or lynches have been; such has the greedy avarice of the occupiers been, and this is one instance of the ill consequence of the neglect of the courts leet and baron. The village of Minster lies nearly in the centre of it, on low ground at the foot of the high lands, having the church on the south side of it; northward of the village it rises to high land, being a fine open champion country of uninclosed corn land, on which are situated Minster mill, Allan Grange, and Powcies, the latter at the extremity of the parish, close to which was, till lately, a small grove of oaks, the only one in this island. Lower down, about a mile southward, is Thorne manor, and beyond that Sevenscore farm. At the south-eastern extremity of the parish, and partly in St. Laurence, is Cliffsend, or Clyvesend, so called from its being at the end of the cliff, which extends from Ramsgate; it was antieutly a part of the estate of St. Augustine's monastery, and is called by Thorne in his Chronicle, the manor of Clyvesend. Here are now two considerable farms besides cottages.
About a mile and an half south-east from Minster church, is Ebbsfleet, formerly called by the various names of Hipwines, Ippeds, and Wipped's fleet; this seems to have been a usual place of landing from the ocean in this island; here it is said Hengist and Horsa, the two Saxon generals, first landed with their forces, about the year 449. Here St. Augustine, often called the Apostle of the English, first landed, in the year 596; and here too St. Mildred, of whom mention has been made likewise before, first landed from France, where she had been for instruction in the monastic life; and not many years ago there was a small rock at this place, called St. Mildred's rock, where, on a great stone, her footstep was said, by the monkish writers, to have remained impressed. (fn. 1) Below the church of Minster, southward, is the large level of marshes, called Minster level, at the southern extremity of which runs the river Stour, formerly the Wantsume, which, as has already been noticed before, was antiently of a much greater depth and width than it is at present, flowing up over the whole space of this level, most probably almost to the church-yard fence, being near a mile and an half distance; but the inning of the salts by the landholders, which had been in some measure deserted by the waters of the Wantsume at different places, so far lessened the force of the tide, and of the river waters mixing with it, that it occasioned the sands to increase greatly near this place, where it was at length entirely choaked up, so that a wall of earth was made by the abbot of St. Augustine, since called the Abbot's wall, to prevent the sea at high water overslowing the lands, which now comprehend this great level of marshes, at present under the direction and management of the commissioners of sewers for the district of East Kent. A part of these marsh lands have been much improved by means of shortening the course of the river Stour to the sea, by the cut at Stonar, which lets off the superfluous water in wet seasons with greater expedition, and a very valuable tract of near two hundred acres has been lately inclosed by a strong wall from the sea near Ebbs-fleet. Between the above-mentioned wall and the river Stour lie a great many acres of land, which the inhabitants call the salts, from their being left without the wall, and subject to the overflowing of the tide, so long as it continued to flow all around this island. Over against the church is a little creek, which seems to have been the place antiently called Mynstrefleet, into which the ships or vessels came, which were bound for this place. As a proof of this, there was found some years ago in a dyke bounding on this place, in digging it somewhat deeper than usual, some fresh coals, which very probably had fallen aside some lighter or boat in taking them out of it. (fn. 2)
I ought not to omit mentioning, that on the downs on the north part of this parish, where the old and present windmills were placed, is a prospect, which perhaps is hardly exceeded in this part of the kingdom. From this place may be seen, not only this island and the several churches in it, one only excepted; but there is a view at a distance, of the two spires of Reculver, the island of Sheppy, the Nore, or mouth of the river Thames, the coast of Essex, the Swale, and the British channel; the cliffs of Calais, and the kingdom of France; the Downs, and the town of Deal, the bay and town of Sandwich, the fine champion country of East Kent, the spires of Woodnesborough and Ash, the ruins of Richborough castle, the beautiful green levels of Minister, Ash, &c. with the river Stour winding between them; the fine and stately tower of the cathedral of Canterbury, and a compass of hills of more than one hundred miles in extent, which terminate the sight.
In the marshes on the south of this parish, there was found in 1723, an antique gold ring; on the place of the seal, which seemed to represent an open book, was engraved on one side an angel, seemingly kneeling, and on the other side a woman standing with a glory round her head; on the woman's side was engraved in old English characters, bone; on that of the angel, letters of the same character, but illegible. A fair is kept in this village on a Good Friday for pedlary and toys.
By the return made to the council's letter, by archbishop Parker's order, in the year 1563, there were then computed to be in this parish fifty-three housholds. By an exact account taken of Minster in 1774, there were found to be in this parish one hundred and forty-nine houses, and six hundred and ninety-six inhabitants; of the houses, sixteen were farm-houses, and one hundred and thirty three were inhabited by tradesmen, labourers, and widows.
THE MANOR and ABBEY OF MINSTER was antiently called Thaket manor, and continued so till, from the foundation of the abbey or minster within it, it acquired the name of the manor of Minster, though in the survey of Domesday, taken in the year 1080, it is still called Tanet manor, Kar exoxnv; but I have met with it no where else so late by that name.
This manor was in the year 670 in the possession of Egbert, king of Kent, whose two nephews Ethelred and Ethelbright, sons of his father's elder brother Ermenfride, deceased, (who left likewise two daughters, Ermenburga, called also Domneva, married to Merwald, son of Penda, king of Mercia, and Ermengitha, were left to his care, under promise of their succeeding to the kingdom. These princes were kept under the inspection of one Thunnor, a flattering courtier, who persuaded the king to have them murdered, left they should disturb him in the possession of the throne; which Thunnor undertook and perpetrated. To expiate this crime, the king, by the advice of archbishop Theodore, and Adrian, abbot of St. Augustine's, sent to Domneva, who had taken the vow of chastity on her, to offer her any satisfaction for this crime, when, as an atonement, she requested of the king, according to the custom of those times, to grant her a place in Tenet, where she might build a monastery to their memory, with a sufficient maintenance, in which she, with her nuns, might continually pray for the king's forgiveness, who immediately by his charter, which concludes with a singular curse on the infringers of it, (fn. 3) granted her for the endowment of it full one half of this island, being the eastern part of it, comprehended within the bounds of this manor, and since separated from the western part of the island and manor of Monkton, by a broad bank or lynch, made quite across the island, since called St. Mildred's Lynch, and remaining at this day.
The story of this grant, as told by Thorn, a native of this parish, and a monk of St. Augustine's monastery, in his chronicle of that abbey, is, that Egbert granting Domneva's petition, demanded of her how much land she desired; who replied, as much as her deer could run over at one course; this being granted, the deer was let loose at Westgate, in Birchington, in the presence of the king, his nobles, and a great concourse of people. Among them was Thunnor, the petrator of the murder, who, ridiculing the king for the lavishness of his gift and the method of its decision, endeavoured by every means to obstruct the deer's course, both by riding across and meeting it; but Heaven, continues the chronicler, being offended at his impiety, whilst he was in the midst of his career, the earth opened and swallowed him up, leaving the name of Tunnor's-leap, or Thunor's hyslepe, to the ground and place where he fell, to perpetuate the memory of his punishment, though it was afterwards called Heghigdale. Meanwhile the deer having made a small circle eastward, directed its course almost in a strait line south-westward across the island from one side to the other, running over in length and breadth forty-eight plough-lands; and the king, immediately afterwards delivered up to Domneva the whole tract of land which the deer had run over.
This tract or course of the deer, which included above ten thousand acres of some of the best lands in Kent, is said to have been marked out by the broad bank, or lynch, across the island, since called St. Mildred's Lynch, thrown up in remembrance of it; (fn. 4) but notwithstanding this well-invented story of Thorn, it is more probable that this lynch was made to divide the two capital manors of Minster and Monkton, before this gift to Domneva.
Puteus Thunor, (or Thunor's leap) says the annalist of St. Augustine's monastery, apparet prope Cursum Cervi juxta Aldelond; and the place where the king stood to see this course is represented to be by it, where formerly was a beacon, it being some of the highest land hereabouts, where the king might see the course. This Puteus Thunor, or Thunorslep, is very plainly the old chalk pit, called Minster chalk-pit, which its not unlikely was first sunk when the abbey and church here were built, and the bottom of it in process of time, being overgrown with grass, gave occasion for the invention of this sable of Thunor's being swallowed up by the earth at this place. The name of Thunorslep has been long since obliterated, and even the more modern one of Heghigdate has been long forgotten. Weever says, he lieth buried under an heap of stones, which to that day was called Thunniclam.
Domneva being thus furnished with wealth and all things necessary, founded, in honor of the B.V. Mary, a monastery, or cloyster of nuns, afterwards called ST. MILDRED'S ABBEY, on part of this land, on the south side of the island near the water, in the same placewhere the present parochial church stands. Archbishop Theodore, at the instance of Domneva, consecrated the church of it, and she afterwards appointed the number of nuns to be seventy, and was appointed by the archbishop, the first abbess of it; she died here and was buried on the glebe of the new monastery. Ermengitha, her sister, was after her death sainted, and lived with Domneva, in the abbey here, where she died, and was buried in a place about a mile eastward of it, where the inhabitants have found numbers of bones, and where it is probable, she built some chapel or oratory. In a field or marsh called the twenty acres, a little more than a quarter of a mile eastward of the church of Minster, are several foundations, as if some chapel or oratory had been built there. (fn. 5)
Domneva was succeeded as abbess by her daughter Mildred, who was afterwards sainted. She is said to have been buried in this church. On her death Edburga succeeded in the government of this monastery, who finding it insufficient for so great a number of nuns, built another just by, larger and more stately, which was consecrated by archbishop Cuthbert, and dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul; and to this church she, about the year 750, removed the body of St. Mildred, at whose tomb many miracles were said to be wrought afterwards. Edburga was buried at Minster in her own new church, and was afterwards sainted. She was succeeded as abbess of this monastery by Sigeburga. In her time was the first depredation of the Danes in Thanet; who sell upon the people, laid every thing waste, and pludered the religious in this monastery; from this time they continued their ravages throughout this island almost every year; hence by degrees, this monastery fell to decay, and the nuns decreased in number, being vexed with grief and worn down with poverty, by the continual insults of these merciless pirates, who landed in this island in 978, and entirely destroyed by fire this monastery of St. Mildred, in which the clergy and many of the people were shut up, having fled thither for sanctuary; but they were, together with the nuns, all burnt to death, excepting Leofrune the abbess, who is said to have been carried away prisoner.
The Danes, however, spared the two chapels of St. Mary, and of St. Peter and St. Paul, in one of which divine service was afterwards performed, for the inhabitants of this parish and the adjoining neighbourhood. The antient scite of the monastery, together with this manor, and all the rest of the possessions of it remained in the king's hands, and they continued so till king Cnute, in the year 1027, gave the body of St. Mildred, together with the antient scite of the monastery, this manor and all its land within this island and without, and all customs belonging to this church, to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, which gift was confirmed by king Edward the Confessor. (fn. 6)
The abbot and convent of St. Augustine becoming thus possessed of this manor, fitted up the remains of the abbey to serve as the court-lodge of it; accordingly it has ever since borne the name of Minstercourt. In the survey of Domesday, taken in the 15th year of the Conqueror's reign, anno 1080, this manor is thus described, under the general title of Terra æcclæ Sci Augustini, the land of the church of St. Augustine.
In Tanet hundred. St. Mildred's.
The abbot himself holds Tanet manor, which was taxed at forty-eight sulings. The arable land is sixty-two carucates. In demesne there are two, and one hundred and fifty villeins, with fifty borderers having sixty-three carucates. There is a church and one priest, who gives twenty shillings per annum. There is one salt-pit and two fisheries of three pence, and one mill.
In the time of king Edward the Confessor it was worth four times twenty pounds, when the abbot received it forty pounds, now one hundred pounds.
Of this manor three knights hold so much of the land of the villeins as is worth nine pounds, when there is peace in the land, and there they have three carucates.
After which king Henry I. granted to the monastery of St. Augustine, about the 4th of his reign, a market, to be yearly held within this their manor of Minster, with all customs, forseitures, and pleas; which was confirmed among other liberties by Edward III. in his 36th year, by inspeximus.
King Henry III. in his 54th year, anno 1270, granted to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, free-warren in all their demesne lands of Minster. (fn. 7) King Edward II. in his 6th year, confirmed to the abbot free-warren in this manor among others, and next year anno 1313, in the iter of H. de Stanton and his sociates, justices itinerant, the abbot, upon a quo warranto, claimed and was allowed sundry liberties therein mentioned, in this manor, among others, and likewise free-warren in all his demesne lands of it, view of frank pledge, and wreck of the sea; one market weekly on a Friday, and one fair yearly on the eve and day of St. Mildred the Virgin, and other liberties therein mentioned; as having been granted and confirmed by divers of the king's predecessors, and allowed in the last iter of J. de Berewick and his sociates, justices itinerant; and that king Edward II. by his charter in his 6th year had sully confirmed all of them, and by the register of this monastery, of about this time, it appears that this manor had within its court the same liberties as those of Chistlet and Sturry. King Edward III. in his 5th year, exempted the abbot's homagers and tenants of this, among other of their manors, from their attendance at the sheriff's tourne, and afterwards by his charter of inspeximus in his 36th year, confirmed to this abbey all the manors and possessions given to it by former kings; and by another charter, the several grants of liberties and confirmations made by his predecessors, among which were those abovementioned; and king Henry VI. afterwards confirmed the same.
Next year the abbot and his servants taking distresses on their tenants of this manor, the tenants, to the number of six hundred, met and continued together for the space of five weeks, having got with them a greater number of people, who coming armed with bows and arrows, swords and staves, to the court of this manor and that of Salmanstone, belonging likewise to the abbot, laid siege to them, and after several attacks set fire to the gates of them. For fear of these violences, the monks and their servants at Salmanstone kept themselves confined there for fifteen days, so that the people enraged at not being able to encompass their ends in setting fire to the houses, destroyed the abbot's ploughs and husbandry utensils, which were in the fields; and cut down and carried away the trees on both these manors.
At the same time they entered into a confederacy and raised money here by tallages and assessments, by means of which they drew to them no small number of others of the cinque ports, who had nothing to lose, so that the abbot dared not sue for justice in the king's courts; but a method it seems was found to punish these rioters, or at least the principal of them, who were fined to the abbot for these damages six hundred pounds, a vast sum in those days, and were imprisoned at Canterbury till the fine was paid. The uneasiness of the tenants under such respective suits and services, seems to have occasioned the abbot and convent to have compounded with them, which they did in the year 1441, anno 20 Henry VI. By this composition the abbot and convent agreed, that the tenants should not in future be distrained for the rents and services they used to pay; but instead of them should pay compositions for every acre of the land called Cornegavel and Pennygavel, (fn. 8) which composition for the Cornegavel and Pennygavel land, continues in force at this time, being sixpence an acre now paid for the Cornegavel land.
In the time of king Richard II. this manor, with its rents and other appurtenances, was valued among the temporalities of the abbot and convent, at 232l. 4s. 3d. per annum; and the quantity of land belonging to it was by admeasurement 2149 acres and one rood.
In which state this manor continued till the final dissolution of the abbey of St. Augustine, which happened in the 30th year of Henry VIII. when it was surrendered, together with the rest of the possessions of the monastery, into the king's hands; at which time the manor and rents were of the value of 276l. yearly. (fn. 9) After which, the see of this manor, with the antient court-lodge of it, formerly the monastery, and then called Minster-court, with all the lands and appurtenances belonging to it, continued in the crown, till king James I. in his 9th year, by his letters patent, granted to Sir Philip Cary, William Pitt, esq. afterwards knighted; and John Williams, citizen and goldsmith of London, this lordship and manor of Menstre, with its rights, members, and appurtenances, late parcel of St. Augustine's monastery, except and reserved to the king's use, all advowsons and patronages of churches, chapels, &c. belonging to this manor; and he granted likewise all the rents of assize called Cornegavel land, in the parish of St. John, parcel of this manor; and the rents of assize of free tenement called Pennygavel land, in the parishes of St. Peter and St. Laurence, (fn. 10) to hold the manor, with its right, members and appurtenances, of the king, as of his manor of East Greenwich, by sealty only, in free and common socage, and not in capite, nor by knight's service; and to hold the rents of assize of the king in capite, by the service of one knight's fee; which grant and letters patent were conconfirmed by an act specially passed for the purpose, that year.
Some years after which, the heirs of the beforementioned Sir Philip Carey and John Williams, then Sir John Williams, bart. of Carmarthenshire, divided this estate; in which division, the manor itself with the court-lodge, part of the demesne lands, royalties, and appurtenances, was allotted to Sir John Williams, bart. (who died in 1668, and was buried in the Temple church, London); whose descendant of the same name, bart. of Carmarthenshire, dying without male issue, his daughter and sole heir, then the widow of the earl of Shelburne, carried it in marriage, at the latter end of king Charles II.'s reign, to Col. Henry Conyngham, afterwards a major-general in king William's reign, who died possessed of it in 1705. He left two sons, William and Henry, and a daughter Mary, married to Francis Burton, esq. of Clare, in Ireland. William, the eldest son of the general, succeeded him in this manor and estate in Minster, but died without surviving issue, upon which this estate descended to Henry Conyngham, esq. his younger brother, second son of the general, who was in 1753, anno 27 George II. created baron Conyngham, of Mount Charles, in Donegall, in Ireland; and afterwards by further letters patent, in 1756, viscount Conyngham, of the same kingdom; and again in 1780, earl Conyngham, and likewise baron Conyngham, of the same kingdom, with remainder of the latter title to his sister's sons. He married Ellen, only daughter of Solomon Merret, esq. of London, by whom he had no issue. He died s.p. in 1781, and was succeeded in his title of baron Conyngham by his nephew Francis Pierpoint Burton Conyngham, eldest son of his sister Mary, by her husband Francis Burton, esq. above-mentioned, which Francis, lord Conyngham, died in 1787, leaving by his wife Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Nathaniel Clements, esq. and sister of Robert, lord Leitrim, (who survived him) two sons, Henry, who succeeded him in title, and Nathaniel, and three daughters, Catherine married to the Rev. John Shirley Fermor, of Sevenoke; Ellen, to Stewart Weldon, esq. and Henrietta.
Henry, so succeeding his father as lord Conyngham, was created in December 1789, viscount Conyngham and baron Conyngham, of Mount Charles, in Donegall, to whom the inheritance of this manor and estate now belongs; but the possession of it for life is vested in the right hon. Ellen, countess dowager Conyngham; widow of Henry, earl Conyngham, above-mentioned. The arms of lord viscount Conyngham are, Argent, a shake-sork, between three mullets, sable. Supporters. The dexter—An horse charged on the breast with an eagle, displayed, or, maned and hoofed of the last. The sinister—A buck proper, charged on the breast with a griffin's head, erased, or, attired and unguled of the last. Crest—Anunicorn's head erased, argent, armed and maned, or. Motto—Over fork over.
A court leet and court baron is held for this manor, by the stile of the courtleet, and view of frank pledge, for the manor of Minster, in the hundred of Ringslow, alias Tenet, and the court baron for the said manor.
The court-lodge, formerly a part of the nunnery, was, after the dissolution of it, made use of as a farmhouse, in which some of the monks of St. Augustine resided, to manage the estate of it, which they kept in their own hands. On the north side of it, which seems to have been the front or entrance, is a handsome stone portal, on the top of which, in the middle, within a circle, are the arms of the abbey of St. Augustine, viz. Sable, a cross, argent. At a small distance from it stood antiently a very large barn, sufficient to hold the corn growing on all the demesnes, being in length 352 feet, and in breadth 47 feet, and the height of the walls 12 feet, with a roof of chesnut. When the estate was divided, 154 feet in length of this building was carried to Sevenscore farm, where it was burnt, by an accident unknown in 1700, and the remaining part here was burnt by lightning afterwards. On the south side of the house stood a chapel, said to have been built by St. Eadburga, the third abbess here. In it the body of St. Mildred is said to have been placed by her, or rather translated from the other monastery. Some of the walls and foundations of this chapel were remaining within the memory of some not long since deceased, but it is now so entirely demolished, that there is nothing to be seen of it, excepting a small part of the tower, and of the stairs leading up into it. Just by these ruins of the tower is a small piece of ground, in which lately in digging for mould, several human bones were dug up. There is a view of the remains of this nunnery in Lewis's Thanet.
THE OTHER PART of this estate, the scite of which lies about a mile eastward from Minster-court, since known by the name of SEVENSCORE, on which is built a substantial farm-house, with large barns and other necessary buildings, was allotted to —Carey, in whose successors viscounts Falkland, this estate continued down to Lucius Ferdinand, viscount Falkland, who not many years since alienated it to Josiah Wordsworth, esq. of London, whose son of the same name died possessed of it about the year 1784, leaving two sisters his coheirs, one of whom married Sir Charles Kent, bart. and the other, Anne, married Henry Verelst, esq. who afterwards, in right of their respective wives, became possessed of this estate in undivided moieties; in which state it still continues, Sir Charles Kent being at this time entitled to one moiety, and Mrs. Verelst, the widow of Henry Verelst, esq. above-mentioned, who died in 1785, and lies buried in this church, being entitled to the other moiety of it.
WASCHESTER is an estate lying at a small distance westward from Minster church, part of which was formerly parcel of the demesnes of the manor of Minster, and was included in king James's grant to Sir Philip Carey, William Pitt, esq. and John Williams, goldsmith, as has been mentioned before in the account of that manor; they in the year 1620, joined in the sale of them to Jeffry Sandwell, gent. of Monkton, who purchased other lands of different persons in this parish, Monkton and Birchington, the whole of which he sold in 1658, to John Peters, M. D. Philip le Keuse, and Samuel Vincent, which two latter alienated their shares soon afterwards to Dr. Peters; at which time all these lands together, not only comprehended Waschester farm, but likewise part, if not the whole of another called Acol. From Dr. Peters this estate descended to Peter Peters, M. D. of Canterbury, who died in 1697, upon which the inheritance of it descended to his sole daughter and heir Elizabeth, who in 1722 carried it in marriage to Thomas Barrett, esq. of Lee, whose second wife she was; he died possessed of it in 1757, upon which it descended to their only daughter and heir Elizabeth, who entitled her husband, the Rev. William Dejovas Byrche, to the fee of it. He died in 1792, leaving an only daughter Elizabeth, married to Samuel Egerton Brydges, esq. of the Middle Temple, barrister-atlaw, but now of Denton-court, who in her right possessed it, and afterwards sold it to Mr. Ambrose Maud, who now owns it.
SHERIFFS COURT is an estate lying somewhat less than a mile westward from Waschester, in the hamlet of Hoo in this parish; it was formerly called Sheriffs Hope, from the hope, or place of anchorage for ships, which sailed in the river Wantsume, which once ran close by this place. It is said by some to have taken its name from its having been part of the possessions of Reginald de Cornhill, who was so long sheriff of this county that he lost his own name and took that of Le Sheriff, from whence this place gained the name of Sheriffs hope, or court. He was sheriff from the 4th to the 9th years of king Richard I. in the last year of that reign and during the whole reign of king John. His arms are on the stone roof of the cloysters at Canterbury, being Two lions passant, debruised of a bendlet, impaling three piles. After this name was extinct here, the family of Corbie became possessed of this estate; one of whom, Robert de Corbie, died possessed of it in the 39th year of king Edward III. whose son Robert Corbie, esq. of Boughton Malherb, leaving a sole daughter and heir Joane, she carried it in marriage to Sir Nicholas Wotton, who, anno 3 Henry V. was lord mayor of London. His descendant Sir Edward Wotton procured his lands in this county to be disgavelled by the acts both of 31 Henry VIII. and 2 and 3 Edward VI. and from him this manor descended to Thomas, lord Wotton, who dying anno 6 Charles I. without male issue, his four daughters became his coheirs, of whom Catherine the eldest carried this estate in marriage to Henry, lord Stanhope, son and heir of Philip, earl of Chesterfield, whose widow Catherine, lady Stanhope, sold it to Henry Paramor. He was the tenant and occupier of Sheriff's court, being the eldest son of John Paramor, of Preston, the grandson of Thomas Paramor, of Paramor-street, in Ash, near Sandwich. They bore for their arms, Azure, a fess embattled, counter embairled, between three etoils of six points, or. (fn. 11) . He left it to his brother Thomas Paramor, whose grandson of the same name died possessed of it in 1652, and was buried with his ancestors in this church; from his heirs this estate was alienated to Thatcher, in which name it continued, till at length it was sold by one of them, to Mr. Robert Wilkins, gent. of St. Margaret's, Rochester, who possessed it for many years. He died without issue, and it has since become the property of Mrs. Terry, the present owner of it.
TO THIS MANOR is appurtenant the small MANOR OF PEGWELL, or COURT STAIRS, in the parish of St. Laurence.
ALDELOND GRANGE, usually called Allen Grange, situated about a mile northwardfrom Minster church, on the open high land, was so called in opposition to Newland Grange, in St. Laurence parish. It was antiently part of the possessions of the abbey of St. Augustine, and was in the year 1197, assigned by Roger, the abbot of it, to the sacristy of the abbey, for the purpose of upholding and maintaining the abbey church, as well in the fabric as ornaments, but on the condition that the sacrist for the time being, should perform all such services to the court of Minster as were due, and had been accustomed to be done for the land of it. (fn. 12)
The measurement of this land, according to Thorne, amounted to sixty-two acres; and to this Grange belong all the tithes of corn and grain, within the limits of the borough of Wayborough, excepting those which are received by the vicar. On the dissolution of the abbey of St. Augustine, in the 30th year of Henry VIII. this estate, then amounting to six score acres, came, with the rest of the possessions of the monastery, into the king's hands, where it did not continue long, for he settled it in his 33d year, by his dotation charter, on his new founded dean and chapter of Canterbury, with whom the inheritance of it continues at this time.
It has been demised by the dean and chapter, on a beneficial lease, the rack rent of it being 413l. per annum, for twenty one years, to Mr. Edward Pett, of Cleve-court, the present lessee of it. Messrs. Jessard and Paramor are the under lessees and occupiers of it.
POWCIES, which stands about half a mile northeastward from Allan grange, was formerly a gentleman's mansion, a large handsome building standing on much more ground than it does at present, with a gate house at the entrance into the court before it; all which being pulled down, a modern farm-house of brick has been built on the antient scite of it.
This seat was once in the possession of the family of Goshall, of Goshall, in Ash, where Sir John Goshall resided in king Edward III.'s reign, and in his descendants it continued till about the reign of king Henry IV. when it was carried in marriage by a female heir to one of the family of St. Nicholas, owners likewise of the adjoining manor of Thorne, in whom it continued down to Roger St. Nicholas, who died in 1484, leaving a sole daughter and heir Elizabeth, who entitled her husband John Dynley, of Charlton, in Worcestershire, to the possession of it. By her he had two sons, Henry and Edward, the eldest of whom succeeded to this estate, which he afterwards alienated, about the middle of queen Elizabeth's reign, to John Roper, esq. of Linsted, afterwards knighted, and anno 14 James I. created baron of Teynham; whose great grandson Christopher, lord Teynham, in king Charles I.'s reign, conveyed it to Sir Edward Monins, bart. of Waldershare, who died possessed of it in 1663, leaving Elizabeth his widow surviving, who held it in jointure at her death in 1703; upon which it devolved to the heirs and trustees of Susan, his eldest daughter and coheir, late wife of Peregrine Bertie, deceased, second son of Montague, earl of Lindsey; and they, in the reign of king William and queen Mary, joined in the sale of it to Sir Henry Furnese, bart. of Waldershare, who died possessed of it in 1712, as did his son Sir Robert in 1733. After which it became, with his other estates, vested in his three daughters and coheirs, and on a partition of them, anno 9 George II. this estate of Powcies was wholly allotted, among others, to Anne the eldest sister, wife of John, viscount St. John, which partition was confirmed by an act passed next year; after which it descended down to their grandson George, viscount Bolingbroke, who in 1790 alienated it to Mr. Henry and John Harnett, the present possessors of it.
THORNE, or as it is vulgarly called, Thourne, is a manor in this parish, situated about a mile southward from Powcies above mentioned, being so named from the quantity of thorny bushes growing on and about it. This manor was antiently the seat of a family which took their name from it, one of them, Henry de Thorne, was owner of it in the year 1300, anno 29 Edward I. and resided here; against whom it seems complaint was made to the abbot of St. Augustine, that he caused mass to be publicly said in his private oratory, or chapel, (the remains of which are still so entire as to be made use of as a granary, &c.) at this his manor of Thorne, (apud spinam) to the prejudice of the mother church, and the ill example of others; and he accordingly was inhibited from so doing in future, by the archbishop's letters to the vicar of Minster, dated that year. And under the cross in this church, in the north wall of it, is an antient tomb or coffin of solid stone, let into the wall under an arch of antient Saxon ornaments. On the stone which covers the tomb is a cross flory, on each side of which are two blank shields, and round the edge of the stone these words in old French letters: Ici gift Edile de Thorne, que fust Dna del Espine. This seems probable to have been one of the family, owners of this manor.
After this family of Thorne were become extinct here, that of Goshall, of Goshall, in Ash, appear to have been possessors of this manor; in whom it continued till about the reign of king Henry IV. when it went by marriage by a female heir to one of the family of St. Nicholas, in whose descendants it continued down to Roger St. Nicholas, who died in 1474, and as appears by his will, was buried before the image of St. Nicholas, in the chancel of Thorne, at Minster. Roger St. Nicholas, his son and heir, left an only daughter Elizabeth, who entitled her husband John Dynley, esq. of Charlton, in Worcestershire, to the possession of it. After which it continued down in the same owners as Powcies last above-described, till it came into the possession of George, viscount Bolingbroke, who in 1790 alienated it to Mr. Henry Wooton, the present owner of it.
See a custom for the demise of tenements by will within the borough of Menstre, secundum consuetudinem manerii, anno 55 Henry III. Itin. Kanc. rot. 18, in Robinson's Gavelkind, p. 236.
Charities.
THE OCCUPIER of Salmeston Grange, in St. John's parish, is bound by his lease to distribute to six poor inhabitants of the parish of Minster, to be nominated by the minister and churchwardens, in the first week, and on the middle Monday of Lent, to each of them, nine loaves and eighteen herrings; and to three poor people of the same, to each of them, two yards of blanket; and every Monday and Friday in each week, from the Invention of the Holy Cross to the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, to every poor person coming to Salmeston Grange, one dishfull of peas dressed.
THOMAS APPLETON, of Eastry, yeoman, by his will in 1593, gave to the relief of the poor of this parish, the sum of 5l. to be paid to the churchwardens yearly, for the use of the poor people, inhabitants there, fourteen days before Christmas day, the same to be paid out of certain lands belonging to him, called Hardiles, in the parish of Woodnesborough.
RICHARD CLERK, D. D. vicar of Minster, partly by deed in 1625, and partly by will on Nov 6, 1634, gave 120l. to be lent unto four parishioners, born in Minster, whose fathers were deceased, and they not sufficiently stocked, for the term of one, two, or three years, but not exceeding that; the interest arising from it to be divided among the poor of the parish. With this money the trustees purchased houses, which are at present divided into four tenements, besides the parish work-house, called the seoffees houses; and seven other tenements, called Cheap Row, the rent of which is annually distributed in clothing to the poor persons of the parish. They are all at present let to the churchwardens and overseers for the time being, by a lease of 99 years, from 1729, at the rent of 6l. This trust is now vested in Mr. William Fuller, of Doctors Commons, as heir of the last trustee; the trust not having been filled up since the year 1696.
JOHN CAREY, esq of Stanwell, in Middlesex, by will in 1685, gave 10l. per annum to be paid yearly to the churchwardens, out of his farm of Sevenscore; to be disposed of to the poor yearly, on St. Thomas's day.
THIS PARISH is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Westbere.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is a very handsome structure, consisting of a nave and two side isles, a cross sept, and east chancel; the nave is of Saxon, the transept and chancel of gothic architecture; the last is curiously vaulted with stone, and provision was made for the same in the transept, but it was never completed. In it are eighteen collegiate stalis, in good preservation. At the west end of the church is a tall spire steeple, in which is a clock and five bells.
When the Danes plundered and burnt the abbey of Minster, they seem to have spared the two chapels of St. Mary, and of St. Peter and St. Paul, or however the stone work of them was preserved, and not burnt with the roof and other works of timber. The former of these was afterwards made into the present parish church, and has since been considerably enlarged.—The nave or body of the church seems to have been the old building; the pillars of which are thick and short, and the arches all circular, and a low roof was probably upon them, according to the simplicity and plainness of those times; but since the wall has been built higher, as appears by the distance there is, betwixt the top of the arches and the wall plate across; and an handsome chancel added at the east end, and a square tower on the west, with a high spire covered with lead placed on it. The chancel or choir and the middle of the cross are vaulted, and by the footings which are left, it was certainly intended that the whole cross should have been finished in the same manner. The eighteen stalls mentioned before, have very handsome wainscot behind, according to the mode of those times; in these the monks, vicars, and priests used to sit during the performance of divine service. Besides the high altar in this church, there were before the reformation other altars in it, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, St. James, and St. Anne. At these, as likewise before the Holy Cross, were lights constantly burning; for the maintenance of which, there were societies or fellowships, who contributed towards the maintenance of them, and those who died left in their last wills constantly small sums of money for that purpose. Under the middle of the cross was the rood-lost, the going up to which out of the chancel is yet to be seen, as are the mortice holes in which the timbers were put, on which the lost was built. On the north wall of it is the antient tomb of Edile de Thorne. On the pavement, as well as in the church porch, are several large flat gravestones, the inscriptions, if any on them, entirely worn away; they seem very antient, and are not improbably, memorials of some of the religious of this place, but they do not seem always to have lain where they do now. On the front of the tower of the steeple is a shield, carved in the stone work, viz. A fess, between three lion's passant. Among other memorials in this church, in the chancel, is one for Francis, son and heir to Edward Saunders, gent. of Norbourne-court, which Edward married the female heir of Francis Pendrick, esq. by his wife, who was nurse to queen Elizabeth. He died anno 1643; arms, A chevron, between three elephants heads, impaling a saltier, ermine, between three leopards faces. In the middle isle a monument for Bartholomew Sanders, gent. and Mary his wife, daughter of Henry Oxenden, esq. of Wingham; arms, Per chevron, sable and argent, three elephants heads, counterchanged, impaling Oxenden. On a mural monument are the effigies of a man and woman. kneeling at a desk, for Thomas Paramor, esq. sometime mayor of Canterbury, and Anne his first wife; arms, Azure, a fess embattled, between three stars of six points, or, impaling or, on a chevron, three stars of six points, sable, between as many dragons heads, quartered. In the north isle are several memorials for the Paramors. On a wooden frame, near the altar, a memorial for Col. James Pettit, obt. 1730. On the south side of the chancel, a mural monument for Mary, youngest daughter of Robert Knowler, gent. of Herne, wife of John Lewis, vicar of this church, obt. 1719. A memorial for John Lewis, formerly vicar of this church, obt. 1746, æt. 72. A memorial for Elizabeth Blome, daughter and coheir of John Blome, gent. of Sevenoke, obt. 1731; arms, in a lozenge, A cross fitchee, and cinquefoil, quartered with a greybound, current. A mural monument for Harry Verelst, esq. of Aston, in Yorkshire, formerly governor of Bengal, obt. 1785; he married Anne, coheir of Josiah Wordsworth, esq. of Wadworth, in Yorkshire, and of Sevenscore, in this parish, and left by her four sons and five daughters. In the south isle memorials for the Harnetts, Kennetts, and Colemans. In the middle isle are memorials for several of the Jenking's. Leland, in his Itinerary, vol. vii. p. 130 says, S. Florentius jacet in Cemiterio S. Mariæ in Thanet, cujus Tumba Crescit signis. (fn. 13)
On the top of the spire was formerly a globe, and upon that a great wooden cross, covered with lead, over which was a vane, and above that, an iron cross; but about the year 1647, the noted fanatic Richard Culmer, having got the sequestration of this vicarage, took it into his fancy that these were monuments of superstition and idolatry, and got these crosses demolished by two persons of the parish, whom he had hired, after he had himself before day, by moon light, fixed ladders for them to go up and down, from the square of the tower to the top of the spire. But if all the figures of a cross are monuments of idolatry, and to be removed, the poor caitiff has done his work but by halves, or rather not all, when he took down these from the spire and left the church standing, which is itself built in the form of a cross.
The church of Minster was antiently appendant to the manor, and as such was granted with it, first to Domneva, and afterwards became part of the possessions of the abbey founded by her here; and after the destruction of it came with the manor, by king Cnute's grant, to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, to which it became appropriated in the year 1128, anno 29 Henry I. and was at that time assigned, with the chapels of St. John, St. Peter, and St. Laurence, with all rents, tithes, and other things, belonging to them, to the sacristy of that monastery; which regulation was confirmed by archbishop Theobald, and afterwards, in 1168, by pope Alexander, who consigned it to the reparation of the church of the monastery, which had been but just before burnt down. (fn. 14)
In the year 1176, anno 23 Henry II. the tenants of the Halimot, or manor court of Minster, agreed, that from thenceforth they would all cop their corn; and that they and their heirs, then and for ever afterwards, should pay all their tithes lawfully by cops, and all other matters of tithes, which they were accustomed to pay, as amply as they had ever paid them from the time of the dedication of the church of St. Mary of Menstre.
By an agreement entered into in 1182, between the archbishop and the abbot of St. Augustine's, this church was exempted from the payments of all dues and procurations to the archdeacon; and that year the archbishop confirmed this church to the monastery; which agreement was renewed in 1237, by archbishop Edmund; and further, that the abbot and convent should present to the archbishop, in the chapels of St. Peter, St. John, and St. Laurence, fit perpetual chaplains to the altarages in them, provided those altarages were worth ten marcs, with which the chaplains should be content, on pain of forfeiting the same; the vicar of the mother church of Menstre, having a sufficient vicarage taxed from antient time in the same, taking and receiving in right of his vicarage, the tenths of small tithes, viz. of lambs and pigs, and the obventions arising from marriages and churchings, which were forbid at the chapels, and were solemnized, &c. at the mother church only, and the burials of certain corpses, being those of the tenants or occupiers of lands in these chapelries, who were to be buried at Minster, unless the vicar gave leave to the contrary. At the same time the archbishop, with the consent of the archdeacon, confirmed this church to the abbot and convent, together with the several archiepiscopal confirmations of it, and those of the several kings of England. This part above-mentioned of the revenue of the vicarage of Minster, arising from these chapelries, has long since been lost, except that out of Salmestone Grange, amounting to 10s. a year; which, perhaps, might be a composition for the tenths of the small tithes, &c. in them. The altarages above-mentioned were the customary and voluntary offerings at the altar, for some religious office or service of the priest. To augment these, the regular and secular priests invented many things. For it is to be observed, that only a portion of these offerings, to the value of ten marcs, or 6l. 13s. 4d. was what the chaplains of these three chapels were presented to, and that they were accountable for the residue to the abbot and convent, and that if they presumed to detain any more of these offerings beyond that sum, they were to be deprived even of that. For this reason, they were to swear to the abbot and convent, to give a true account of the offerings made at their several altars, on their respective offering days, and in no shape to detriment their parish of Menstre, as to legacies or obventions, personal or predial, but to conserve all the parochial rights of the same, entire and untouched, to the utmost of their power. Then marcs appear now but a small sum for the maintenance of a parish minster; but when the value of money at the time when this composition was made is considered, it will be found to be a handsome and generous allowance to a chaplain, especially as their stipends were then paid by authority; ten marcs were then equal to more than sixty pounds now, and in a council held at Oxford but fifteen years before, it was decreed, that where the churches had a revenue as far as five marcs per annum, they should be conferred on none but such as should constantly reside in person, on the place, as being a sufficient maintenance. In 1348 H. Kinghton informs us, a chaplain's usual stipend was no more than four or five marcs, or two and his board; as for the chaplains of these three chapels, though they were to receive no more than ten marcs of these altarages, they were not excluded the enjoyment of the manses and glebes, given to these chapels when they were first consecrated, which made some addition to their income, and perhaps enabled them to keep a deacon to assist them. (fn. 15)
On the great and principal festivals, the inhabitants of these three chapelries, preceded by their priests and other officers, with their banners, tapers, &c. were used to go in procession to Minster, their mother church, there to join at the solemn mass and other divine service then performed, to make their offerings and pay their accustomed dues, in token of their subjection to their parochial or mother church.
The appropriation of the church of Minster, together with the advowson of the vicarage, continued, in manner as has been already mentioned, with the abbot and convent till the dissolution of their monastery in the 30th year of king Henry VIII. when it was surrendered, together with the rest of the possessions of the monastery, into the king's hands. After the dissolution of the monastery, there could not be said to be any parsonage or appropriation of this church, for the demesne lands of the manor of Minster, which are very extensive in this parish, were subject, as to the tithes of corn, to only a small modus or composition to the vicar, of eighteen shocks or cops of wheat, and eighteen shocks or cops of barley, or thereabouts; and the vicar was intitled, in right of his vicarage, to the corn tithes of the lands in the remaining part of the parish, as will be further noticed hereafter.
When the vicarage of this church was endowed and a vicar instituted, is no where found; but certainly it was before the year 1275; for in the act of consecration of the church or chapel-yard of St. Laurence that year, when that chapel was made parochial, mention is made of the vicar of Menstre, &c. and in the year 1384, anno 8 Richard II. this vicarage was valued at thirty marcs. After the dissolution of the abbey of St. Augustine, the advowson of this vicarage continued in the hands of the crown, till king Edward VI. in his first year, granted it, among other premises, to the archbishop, since which it has continued parcel of the pos sessions of that fee, the archbishop being the present patron of it.
This vicarage is valued in the king's books at 33l. 3s. 4d. and the yearly tenths at 3l. 6s. 8d. In 1588 here were three hundred communicants, and it was valued at 1501. It is endowed with a manse and glebe of about twenty-four acres of land, upland and marsh; all the corn tithes, and other tithes of that part of the parish called Street-borough; and of about one hundred acres in the other borough, called Weyborough, except the corn tithes of the demesnes of the manor of Minster, for which the modus or composition above-mentioned is paid.
¶The land in Minster level, which is pasture, paying but four-pence an acre for tithes, Dr. Richard Clarke, vicar here in 1597, made a composition with his parishioners, by which they obliged themselves to pay him at the vicarage house, within three days after every quarter, after the rate of twelve-pence an acre for their marsh land, or else to lose the benefit of the composition. (fn. 16) Dr. Meric Casaubon, who succeeded Dr. Clarke, would not abide by this composition, but afterwards compounded with the occupiers, at the rate of twelve-pence an acre for the worst of the land, and of fourteen pence and sixteen pence for that which is better; and in the year 1638 he demanded his tithes of the marsh land in kind, or eighteen pence per acre, which was agreed to by the parishioners, and paid by them till the year 1643; when the civil wars being begun, and this county in the power of the parliament, Dr. Casaubon, being continually threatened to be turned out of his vicarage, was content to receive one shilling per acre for the marsh land; in which manner he received it till the end of the year 1644, when this vicarage was sequestered, and one Richard Culmer was put into possession of this vicarage, (fn. 17) who to ingratiate himself with the parishioners, agreed to take no more than twelve pence an acre of them, as did Dr. Casaubon in 1660, on his being restored to this vicarage; at which rate the tithes were afterwards uniformly taken, till the time of the present vicar; the several vicars not being disposed to quarrel with their neighbours, though the land now lets for as much again as it did in Dr. Casaubon's time, viz. at 28s. an acre and upwards. There have been several litigations and issues at law tried between the present vicar, Mr. Dodsworth, and his parishioners, on account of this modus for the marsh land, all which have been decided in the vicar's favor, who set aside the modus of one shilling per acre by the verdict in his favor, and now takes from 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. for the grass land, according to its goodness; yet there are ten acres of grass land late in the possession of Josias Fuller Farrer, esq. which never having paid more than four-pence per acre, remain at that composition. The present value of it is about 350l. per annum.
Ian's on the road again, wearing different shoes again.
Or something.
Yes, have audit will travel is taking me back to the north west and head office (UK) in Warrington.
I wasn't keen to go, as I would be one of those being audited, rather than being the auditor.
So it goes.
Up even earlier than usual, Jools went swimming first thing, while I woke up and packed.
It was to be a bright if cold day, and the promise of actual snow once I reached Manchester, so that was something to look forward to. No?
Jools dropped me off on the prom so I could have a walk, take some snaps before picking up the car.
It was cold.
Not Canada cold, clearly.
Minus three. And too cold to linger to watch the actual sunrise, so made do with snapping the reflected light of the hotels and a ferry coming into the harbour. I walked over Townwall Street, now cold to the bone, hoping the car hire place would be open on time.
It wasn't, but a couple of minutes later, a guy came to open up and let me inside where it was slightly warmer.
My old ruse of getting an automatic thus getting a larger car was ruined this time was I was given a Toyota Yaris. It struggled to get up Jubilee Way without the engine screaming. You'd better behave yourself for the next three days I told it.
Back home for breakfast, load the car and say goodbye to the cats. One last look, and I was off. The car had no sat nav, so had to use the phone.
Before going to the hotel, I was going to visit a former colleague who lives in Warrington, or nearly St Helens as I found out later, so programmed her address in, and off I went, along our street and towards the A2 and the long slog up to Dartford.
I connected my phone to charge, and straight away tunes from my Apple music store started playing. So, apart from the free U2 album it forced on all users, the rest was good if a little Skids and Velvet Underground heavy.
The miles were eaten up, even if I had to turn the music way up to drown the sound of the screaming engine.
Like all trips, I had something extra to sweeten the time away, and in this case it was a church. But not just any church, as you will see.
I watched a short documentary on Monday about Mary Queen of Scots, and remembered that she had been imprisoned and executed at Fotheringhay Castle in what is now Northamptonshire, and if I went over the Dartford Crossing, up the M11 to Cambridge, then were the A14 crossed the Great North Road, ten miles north was Fotheringhay.
So, I pressed on, under the river and into Essex, then along to the bottom of the M11, and north past Stanstead to Cambridge. Traffic wasn't bad, so I made good time, my phone telling me I would reach Fotheringhay at midday.
Turning off the A1, down narrow lanes, then the view to the church opens up, in what is possibly one of the finest vistas in all of England. St Mary and All Saints, 15th century and in its Perpendicular finest, it looks too good to be that old, but is.
Not only is the church mostly as it was, if plain inside, this was the parish church of the House of York, of several Kings including the final, Richard III.
This is real history.
I crossed over the narrow hump-back bridge that spanned the fast flowing, and nearly flooding, River Neane, into the village and parked outside the church. A set of grand gates lead off the main road to the northern porch, lined with fine trees, naked it being winter.
The tower seems over-large for the Nave and Chancel, it stands 116 feet tall, and is a chonker, the rest of the church seems small beside it, but the interior of the church is a large space, high to its vaulted roof.
I take shots, not as many as perhaps I should, but the church doesn't have centuries of memorials, but does have two House of York tombs, or mausoleums.
I had some time, so I thought I would visit any interesting church I might see before getting back on the A14.
That was the plan.
The road took me round Oundle, which had at least two interesting looking churches, but them being what you might call "urban", I passed both and carried on over the rolling hills of Northamptonshire, much hillier than you might have thought.
Just before the A14, I see a large tower, and a lane lead to the village of Titchmarsh.
Titchmarsh is the name of a very famous TV gardener over here in Britain, not sure if this is where he hails from.
The village itself is set along a long high street, lined with half-timbered houses, most thatched, which was very picturesque.
I parked up, screams from the primary school, out for lunch, filled the air. But I had eyes on the church.
Oddly, on the north side, the churchyard is marked by a haha, or half of one.
A ha?
Certainly not a ditch, but there was a grille in the wall to allow water to get out.
Access to the church was over a small bridge, the grand porch in front.
The door opened easily, and I saw first, lots of wall paintings. Not old, perhaps Victorian.
I set to work taking shots, using the compact to snap close ups of the windows.
In truth, not much of great interest, and I was aware from the radio there being talk of snow.
Better get going and head north.
Back outside, my phone tells me I should be in Warrington by four, my friend, Teresa, wouldn't be home until half past, so I could have another break on the way.
The sat nav took me back to the A14, and from there it is just a 60 mile drive to the bottom of the M6 and then the hike two hours north.
At least it was a sunny day, though clouds were building, and was it my imagination, or did it look like snow falling already?
No, it was snow. big, fat, wet flakes at first, not much to worry about, but I pressed on past Coventry to the toll road, I sopped for half an hour there, enough time to have a drink and some crisps, then back outside where darkness was falling, as well as more snow.
The M6 might have had its upgrade complete, but a trip on it is rarely without delays. And for me, an hour delayed just before Warrington due to a crash, so we inched along in near darkness.
Teresa lived the other side of Warrington, so I had to press on further north, then along other main roads, round a bonkers roundabout before entering the town. Roads were lined with two up/two downs, doors leading straight onto the pavement. Cozy and northern.
They have two dog-mountains, I'm not sure of the breed, but think of something like a St Bernard and go bigger. They had just been for a walk, were damp and happy to be inside, laying on the kitchen floor. Taking up all the kitchen floor.
We talked for an hour, then I received a call from a guy I was supposed to be meeting up with: heavy snow was falling, I should get there sooner than later. So, I said my goodbyes and programmed the route to the hotel. Sorry, resort. Golf resort.
16 miles.
Snow was falling heavy, not too bad on main roads back to the motorway, though traffic on that was only going 40, it was fast enough. But the final six miles was long a main road, but it was covered in snow, with more falling.
The the fuel warning light went on.
Ignore that, I just wanted to get to the hotel safe and have dinner. Not end up in a hedge.
The final mile was very scary, snow only an inch deep, but slippery. There was a gatehouse marking the entrance to the golf club, I turned in and parked in the first space I came to.
Phew.
I checked in, and the place is huge, swish, but full of golfers.
But it does a sideline in conferences, training centre and a hotel. It was full.
I checked in, walked to the room, which is huge, and very comfortable, dropped my bags and went to the bar for dinner of beer and burgers. The place was almost empty, I watched cricket live from South Africa while I ate and drank.
Would I be tempted by the cheeseboard?
I would, dear reader, I would.
To my room to watch the football and relax while snow fell outside.
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Another bike ride into the wilds and wolds of Northamptonshire. I set off from Huntingdon railway station, and after a sixteen mile slog into the wind I crossed the county boundary at Clopton, a church I visited three weeks ago. Now, the real bike ride could now begin. Resisting a revisit to the church, I turned off on a very lonely, narrow lane through the woodlands. The Cambs/Northants borderlands are often like this, remote and lonely, wooded and rolling, devoid of houses outside the villages and with only the rare car, horse or other cyclist. It reminds me of parts of France.
After a couple of miles I came to Titchmarsh, and its splendid church, a big church in a pretty stone village. The tower is enormous ('The finest church tower in England outside of Somerset' - FJ Allen) and there is no spire. The churchyard is surrounded by a haha, with a little bridge across the moat. The church was being prepared for a rock concert, with a stage built up under the tower and tables and chairs in the nave. Not a huge amount to see in any case, although I liked the memorial to a servant who saved his master's life by getting in the way of an assassin's knife, only to later drown in the Nene. As you'd expect in this part of the world, good stone capitals in the arcades, with stiffleaves you could cut yourself on as well as dripping fruit.
And then it was on past the IKEA warehouse ('the largest building in the British Isles') into the town of Thrapston.
Simon Knott, July 2017.
www.flickr.com/photos/norfolkodyssey/35483761652/in/photo...
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The Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, standing in a prominent position on the higher ground to the North of the village, has been the centre of the Christian community in Titchmarsh for some 800 years.
The name of Tichmarsh (or the modern version Titchmarsh) seems to date from Anglo-Saxon times when a piece of land was granted to one Ticcea and became known as Ticcea’s marsh (Ticceanmersce, Tychemerche, etc).
The earliest records of the church date from 1240. It was from Tichmarsh that Viscount Lovell left his manor to fight with Richard III at Bosworth. Before that he had employed his Somerset mason to build what Pevsner described as “the noblest village tower outside Somerset”, on top of which in 1588 an Armada beacon was lit.
The church is remarkable for its magnificent tower, its long and lofty clerestory, its spacious chancel, and for its light and uncluttered interior. It also houses a collection of unique and interesting wall monuments, fine stained glass windows and a recently restored 1870 TC Lewis organ. (see separate links)
The building that you see today is not the first church to have existed on this site. The remains of a 12th century doorway in the chancel is the only relic of the Norman building, and the subsequent centuries have each made their distinctive architectural contribution. The building assumed its present appearance when, late in the 15th century, the tower, clerestory and porch were added, and the present perpendicular style windows were inserted. In the late 17th and early 18th century the Pickering family contributed a number of important memorials, including one to John Dryden the poet- laureate, who spent his childhood in Titchmarsh. In the 19th century a number of the windows had stained glass inserted, a vestry was added in the northwest corner, and much of the internal woodwork was replaced (including the pews, recently adapted to provide more mobile seating).
The focus of the church, both architecturally and spiritually, is the Altar. This is God’s table, at which the faithful share in the power of Christ’s Risen Life, by feeding on the Sacrament of his Body and Blood under the forms of bread and wine. The reredos of Caen stone and Derby alabaster (1866) depicts the Old Testament scenes of Melchizedek’s offering of bread and wine, and Abraham’s offering of his only son Isaac, illustrating different aspects of the eucharistic theme.
The semi-circular Norman arch to the south side is a visible reminder that Christian worship has been offered on this site for at least some eight centuries.
The two-level sedilia and the piscine are of the 13th century, as is also the arcading which opens into the north chapel (now occupied by the organ). The opening known as a hagioscope or squint, gave additional visual access from the north chapel to the High Altar. The low, pointed 13th century doorway to the north of the Altar probably led to a tomb or chantry adjoining the Chancel on the north side. Much of this work can be attributed to the patronage of the Lovel family, who were Lords of the Manor from about 1268 until 1485.
Piercing the north-west corner of the Chancel wall are the remains of the stairway which originally led to the Rood-loft.
Dimly discernible in the apex of the Chancel arch is a crowned head. Experts suggest that it most closely resembles Edward IV who died in 1483 when Francis 1st (and only) Viscount Lovel was Lord of the Manor. The last years of the reign of Edward IV covered a peaceful period, favourable to the rebuilding of a church. In 1486 Henry VII granted the Manor of Tichmarsh to Sir Charles Somerset when Francis Lord Lovel who had supported Richard III was deprived of his estates at the end of the War of the Roses. This is the Lovell, who as Richard III’s Chamberlain and friend, was lampooned in the contemporary rhyme:
‘The Cat, the Rat, and Lovell our dog
Rule all England under the Hog’.
The walls and windows of the chancel were much embellished in Victorian times. The stained glass in the chancel windows is all by Messrs. Hardman of Birmingham. The east window depicts Christ’s Nativity, Baptism, Crucifixion and Ascension, and several episodes from the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, to whom the church is dedicated. The windows on the south side of the chancel depict various incidents from the New Testament, giving particular prominence to St Mary Magdalene and St Peter.
The reredos of Caen stone and Derby alabaster were completed.
The organ, a good example of the work of TC Lewis was installed and first used in 1870. (fully restored in 2016). We learn from the Parish Magazine that prior to the installation of the instrument, music for Devine service had been supplied by a barrel organ, the introduction of which in 1837 replaced the services of the eight singers who had occupied a musicians gallery under the tower, and sang very loud. Singing was also led by string and woodwind instruments until 1861.
According to the parish magazines, the paintings on the chancel walls were by Miss Agnes Saunders, who was sister-in-law to the Rev. F M Stopford, (rector 1861-1912). The fine limed oak chancel screen was the gift of Canon A M Luckock, (rector 1912-1962).
The North Chapel and Transept
This was largely rebuilt in the 14th century, and now houses many mural memorials to the Pickering family
Gilbert Pickering bought the manor of Tichmarsh from Charles Somerset’s grandson in 1553, and for more than two hundred years it remained in the possession of his descendants. When the direct line came to an end, the estates were acquired in 1778 by Thomas Powys, later the first Lord Lilford.
John Pickering married Susannah Dryden of Canons Ashby in 1609, and twenty-one years later, Susannah’s brother Erasmus married John’s cousin Mary Pickering. Of these unions were born two men well known in the highest circles of their day, the notorious Sir Gilbert Pickering (1613-1668) and the famous John Dryden the poet (1631-1700).
Sir Gilbert was a convinced Parliamentarian, and became Lord Chamberlain to Oliver Cromwell. John Dryden’s upbringing in Tichmarsh is mentioned in one of the memorials. This and another were painted by Sir Gilbert’s daughter, Elizabeth, who became the wife of John Creed.
A woman of talent with needle, pen and brush, Elizabeth Creed was responsible also for the wording of the altar tomb and wall angle memorials of the south aisle as well as the Dryden monument which has been moved to the north transept.
The South Aisle
Here we find Mrs Creed lamenting the death of her husband, a boon companion of Samuel Pepys, of their son Christ’s family. By ancient custom the Font stands near the main (west) door of the physical building, as a reminder that it is through Baptism that we enter Christ’s Church.
The West Window
The tracery of the tower window is 15th century, (extensively restored in 2016). In 1904 the west window was filled with stained glass, the gift of Rev’d F M Stopford to mark his 50th year in Holy Orders. It is a powerful representation of Christ’s Second Coming and the Day of Judgement, and approximately balances the episodes of Christ’s first Advent depicted in the east window. The same firm of artists, Messrs Hardman of Birmingham, was employed for the work, and it is interesting to notice how the passage of some forty years makes a considerable difference in style and taste between the tower window and their earlier work.
The Bells
The tower houses a fine ring of eight bells. All were recast and re-hung in 1913 as a memorial to Rev’d F M Stopford who died in office in 1912 having been rector for 51 years, and a chaplain to Queen Victoria, Edward VII and George V. Before recasting, the oldest bells dated from 1688, with additions in 1708 and 1781. The ring was completed in1885 by the gift of two bells in memory of Florence Augusta Stopford, the rector’s first wife. At the same time the present church clock, which strikes the hours and quarters, replaced the previous one made by George Eayre in 1745.
At the base of the tower are some interesting photographs of the re-hanging of the bells.
The South Porch
The original porch was a single storey structure, with window openings to east and west. The upper storey was added in1583 and housed the Pickering family pew, complete with fire place! After the death of the last Tichmarsh Pickerings the wall opening was blocked up. It was reopened in 1931, when Canon Luckock (rector 1912-1962) and his wife put in the present glass panel and hung the massive oak south door as a thanksgiving for their silver wedding. The seating around the walls of the porch is a reminder of its earlier function as a place of meeting.
The Exterior
The large and splendid tower is built in four stages, richly decorated with triple bands of quatrefoils in circles on the ground storey and similar bands on the second and third stages. The niches on the west face contain modern stone figures representing Moses and Aaron, the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Peter, and the archangels Michael and Gabriel. The parish magazine for 1901 records that the rector’s wife paid for the replacements by breeding and selling black fantail pigeons.
The ‘crown’, ie. parapet and pinnacles above the fourth stage is considered by experts to date from about 1500. The will of one Thomas Gryndall, dated 1474, bequeaths money towards the building of the tower, probably completed except for the ‘crown’ in about 1480.
The prominence and size of the tower made it a significant landmark. In 1585 when the country prepared to resist the threatened invasion from Spain, the Lord Lieutenant, Sir Christopher Hatton of Kirby Hall, gave order for Beacons to be made in places accustomed and that ‘Tychemershe Beacon’ be sett upon Tychemershe church steeple
On the south wall of the tower is a painted sundial, dated 1798, and below it a disused clock face made in 1745. There are three scratch dials on the south side of the church – on the porch and on two of the buttresses.
The churchyard, which contains many good examples of local stonemasons’ work of the 18th and 19th centuries, is remarkable and perhaps unique in being bounded almost entirely by a ha-ha.
Acknowlegements: The Victoria County History of Northamptonshire; Northamptonshire by Niklaus Pevsner; and to various numbers of the Titchmarsh Parish Magazine; Titchmarsh Past and Present by Helen Belgion, published 1979
titchmarsh.info/church-of-st-mary-the-virgin/church-history/
The Topiary Cat was becoming lonely and decided to take a walk. Peering over the old wall surrounding his home he discovered a friend. www.facebook.com/topiarycat www.thetopiarycat.co.uk
Despite being magically alive, shape shifting and variable in size, even The Topiary Cat needs grooming occasionally. He enjoys it very much...
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Beaumaris Castle in Beaumaris, Anglesey, Wales, was built as part of Edward I's campaign to conquer north Wales after 1282. Plans were probably first made to construct the castle in 1284, but this was delayed due to lack of funds and work only began in 1295 following the Madog ap Llywelyn uprising. A substantial workforce was employed in the initial years under the direction of James of St George. Edward's invasion of Scotland soon diverted funding from the project, however, and work stopped, only recommencing after an invasion scare in 1306. When work finally ceased around 1330 a total of £15,000 had been spent, a huge sum for the period, but the castle remained incomplete.
Beaumaris Castle was taken by Welsh forces in 1403 during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr, but recaptured by royal forces in 1405.
In March 1592, the Welsh Roman Catholic priest and martyr William Davies was imprisoned in the castle, and was eventually hanged, drawn and quartered there on 27 July 1593.
Following the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, the castle was held by forces loyal to Charles I, holding out until 1646 when it surrendered to the Parliamentary armies. Despite forming part of a local royalist rebellion in 1648, the castle escaped slighting and was garrisoned by Parliament, but fell into ruin around 1660, eventually forming part of a stately home and park in the 19th century. In the 21st century, the ruined castle is still a tourist attraction.
Historian Arnold Taylor described Beaumaris Castle as Britain's "most perfect example of symmetrical concentric planning". The fortification is built of local stone, with a moated outer ward guarded by twelve towers and two gatehouses, overlooked by an inner ward with two large, D-shaped gatehouses and six massive towers. The inner ward was designed to contain ranges of domestic buildings and accommodation able to support two major households. The south gate could be reached by ship, allowing the castle to be directly supplied by sea. UNESCO considers Beaumaris to be one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe", and it is classed as a World Heritage Site.
The kings of England and the Welsh princes had vied for control of North Wales since the 1070s and the conflict had been renewed during the 13th century, leading to Edward I intervening in North Wales for the second time during his reign in 1282. Edward invaded with a huge army, pushing north from Carmarthen and westwards from Montgomery and Chester. Edward decided to permanently colonise North Wales and provisions for its governance were set out in the Statute of Rhuddlan, enacted on 3 March 1284. Wales was divided into counties and shires, emulating how England was governed, with three new shires created in the north-west, Caernarfon, Merioneth and Anglesey.[6] New towns with protective castles were established at Caernarfon and Harlech, the administrative centres of the first two shires, with another castle and walled town built in nearby Conwy, and plans were probably made to establish a similar castle and settlement near the town of Llanfaes on Anglesey. Llanfaes was the wealthiest borough in Wales and largest in terms of population, an important trading port and on the preferred route from North Wales to Ireland. The huge cost of building the other castles, however, meant that the Llanfaes project had to be postponed.
In 1294 Madog ap Llywelyn rebelled against English rule.[The revolt was bloody and amongst the casualties was Roger de Pulesdon, the sheriff of Anglesey. Edward suppressed the rebellion over the winter and once Anglesey was reoccupied in April 1295 he immediately began to progress the delayed plans to fortify the area. The chosen site was called Beaumaris, meaning "fair marsh", whose name derives from the Norman-French Beau Mareys, and in Latin the castle was termed de Bello Marisco. This was about 1 mile (1.6 km) from Llanfaes and the decision was therefore taken to move the Welsh population of Llanfaes some 12 miles (19 km) south-west, where a settlement by the name of Newborough was created for them. The deportation of the local Welsh opened the way for the construction of a prosperous English town, protected by a substantial castle.
The castle was positioned in one corner of the town, following a similar town plan to that in the town of Conwy, although in Beaumaris no town walls were constructed at first, despite some foundations being laid.[10] Work began in the summer of 1295, overseen by Master James of St George. James had been appointed the "master of the king's works in Wales", reflecting the responsibility he had in their construction and design. From 1295 onwards, Beaumaris became his primary responsibility and more frequently he was given the title "magister operacionum de Bello Marisco". The work was recorded in considerable detail on the pipe rolls, the continuous records of medieval royal expenditure, and, as a result, the early stages of construction at Beaumaris are relatively well understood for the period.
A huge amount of work was undertaken in the first summer, with an average of 1,800 workmen, 450 stonemasons and 375 quarriers on the site. This consumed around £270 a week in wages and the project rapidly fell into arrears, forcing officials to issue leather tokens instead of paying the workforce with normal coinage. The centre of the castle was filled with temporary huts to house the workforce over the winter. The following spring, James explained to his employers some of the difficulties and the high costs involved:
In case you should wonder where so much money could go in a week, we would have you know that we have needed – and shall continue to need 400 masons, both cutters and layers, together with 2,000 less skilled workmen, 100 carts, 60 wagons and 30 boats bringing stone and sea coal; 200 quarrymen; 30 smiths; and carpenters for putting in the joists and floor boards and other necessary jobs. All this takes no account of the garrison ... nor of purchases of material. Of which there will have to be a great quantity ... The men's pay has been and still is very much in arrears, and we are having the greatest difficulty in keeping them because they have simply nothing to live on.
The construction slowed during 1296, although debts continued to build up, and work dropped off further the following year, stopping entirely by 1300, by when around £11,000 had been spent. The halt was primarily the result of Edward's new wars in Scotland, which had begun to consume his attention and financial resources, but it left the castle only partially complete: the inner walls and towers were only a fraction of their proper height and the north and north-west sides lacked outer defences altogether. In 1306 Edward became concerned about a possible Scottish invasion of North Wales, but the unfinished castle had already fallen into a poor state of repair. Work recommenced on completing the outer defences, first under James' direction and then, after his death in 1309, Master Nicolas de Derneford. This work finally halted in 1330 with the castle still not built to its intended height; by the end of the project, £15,000 had been spent, a colossal sum for the period. A royal survey in 1343 suggested that at least a further £684 would be needed to complete the castle, but this was never invested.
In 1400 a revolt broke out in North Wales against English rule, led by Owain Glyndŵr. Beaumaris Castle was placed under siege and captured by the rebels in 1403, being retaken by royal forces in 1405. The castle was ill-maintained and fell into disrepair and by 1534, when Roland de Velville was the castle constable, rain was leaking into most of the rooms. In 1539 a report complained that it was protected by an arsenal of only eight or ten small guns and forty bows, which the castle's new constable, Richard Bulkeley, considered to be completely inadequate for protecting the fortress against a potential Scottish attack. Matters worsened and by 1609 the castle was classed as "utterlie decayed".
The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between the Royalist supporters of Charles I and the supporters of Parliament. Beaumaris Castle was a strategic location in the war, as it controlled part of the route between the king's bases in Ireland and his operations in England. Thomas Bulkeley, whose family had been involved in the management of the castle for several centuries, held Beaumaris for the king and may have spent around £3,000 improving its defences. By 1646, however, Parliament had defeated the royal armies and the castle was surrendered by Colonel Richard Bulkeley in June. Anglesey revolted against Parliament again in 1648, and Beaumaris was briefly reoccupied by royalist forces, surrendering for a second time in October that year.
After the war many castles were slighted, damaged to put them beyond military use, but Parliament was concerned about the threat of a royalist invasion from Scotland and Beaumaris was spared. Colonel John Jones became the castle governor and a garrison was installed inside, at a cost of £1,703 a year. When Charles II returned to the throne in 1660 and restored the Bulkeley family as castle constables, Beaumaris appears to have been stripped of its valuable lead and remaining resources, including the roofs.
Lord Thomas Bulkeley bought the castle from the Crown in 1807 for £735, incorporating it into the park that surrounded his local residence, Baron Hill. By then the castles of North Wales had become attractive locations for visiting painters and travellers, who considered the ivy-clad ruins romantic. Although not as popular as other sites in the region, Beaumaris formed part of this trend and was visited by the future Queen Victoria in 1832 for an Eisteddfod festival and it was painted by J. M. W. Turner in 1835. Some of the castle's stones may have been reused in 1829 to build the nearby Beaumaris Gaol.
In 1925 Richard Williams-Bulkeley retained the freehold and placed the castle into the care of the Commissioners of Works, who then carried out a large scale restoration programme, stripping back the vegetation, digging out the moat and repairing the stonework. In 1950 the castle, considered by the authorities to be "one of the outstanding Edwardian medieval castles of Wales", was designated as a Grade I listed building – the highest grade of listing, protecting buildings of "exceptional, usually national, interest".
Beaumaris was declared part of the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site in 1986, UNESCO considering it one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe". In the 21st century Beaumaris Castle is managed by Cadw, the Welsh Assembly Government's agency for historic monuments, as a tourist attraction, with 75,000 visitors during the 2007–08 financial year. The castle requires ongoing maintenance and repairs cost £58,000 over the 2002–03 financial year.
Beaumaris Castle was never fully built, but had it been completed it would probably have closely resembled Harlech Castle. Both castles are concentric in plan, with walls within walls, although Beaumaris is the more regular in design. Historian Arnold Taylor described Beaumaris as Britain's "most perfect example of symmetrical concentric planning" and for many years the castle was regarded as the pinnacle of military engineering during Edward I's reign. This evolutionary interpretation is now disputed by historians: Beaumaris was as much a royal palace and symbol of English power as it was a straightforward defensive fortification. Nonetheless, the castle is praised by UNESCO as a "unique artistic achievement" for the way in which it combines "characteristic 13th century double-wall structures with a central plan" and for the beauty of its "proportions and masonry".
Beaumaris Castle was built at around sea-level on top of the till and other sediments that form the local coastline, and was constructed from local Anglesey stone from within 10 miles (16 km) of the site, with some stones brought along the coast by ship, for example from the limestone quarries at Penmon. The stone was a mixture of limestone, sandstone and green schists, which was used fairly randomly within the walls and towers; the use of schists ceased after the pause in the building work in 1298 and as a result is limited to the lower levels of the walls.
The castle design formed an inner and an outer ward, surrounded in turn by a moat, now partially filled. The main entrance to the castle was the Gate next the Sea, next to the castle's tidal dock that allowed it to be supplied directly by sea. The dock was protected by a wall later named the Gunners Walk and a firing platform that may have housed a trebuchet siege engine during the medieval period. The Gate next the Sea led into an outer barbican, protected by a drawbridge, arrow slits and murder-holes, leading on into the outer ward.
The outer ward consisted of an eight-sided curtain wall with twelve turrets enclosing an area approximately 60 feet (18 m) across; one gateway led out to the Gate next the Sea, the other, the Llanfaes Gate, led out to the north side of the castle. The defences were originally equipped with around 300 firing positions for archers, including 164 arrow slits, although 64 of the slits close to the ground level have since been blocked in to prevent them being exploited by attackers, either in the early 15th century or during the Civil War.
The walls of the inner ward were more substantial than those of the outer ward, 36-foot (11 m) high and 15.5-foot (4.7 m) thick, with huge towers and two large gatehouses, enclosing a 0.75-acre (0.30 ha) area. The inner ward was intended to hold the accommodation and other domestic buildings of the castle, with ranges of buildings stretching along the west and east sides of the ward; some of the remains of the fireplaces for these buildings can still be seen in the stonework. It is uncertain if these ranges were actually ever built or if they were constructed but later demolished after the Civil War. If finished, the castle would have been able to host two substantial households and their followers, for example the king and queen, or the king, queen and a prince and his own wife.
The D-shaped north gatehouse in the inner ward was intended to be two storeys high, with two sets of five, large windows, of which only one floor was actually completed. It would have included a large hall on the first floor, around 70 feet (21 m) by 25 feet (7.6 m) across, divided into two with separate fireplaces for heating. The south gatehouse was designed to be a replica of that on the north side, but building work progressed even less far before finishing in 1330. Some of the stonework may since have been removed from the gatehouse, reducing its height even further.
The walls of the inner ward contain extensive first floor passageways, similar to those at Caernarfon Castle. These were intended to allow members of the castle to move between the towers, accessing the guardrooms, sleeping chambers and the castle latrines. The latrines were designed to be drained by a special system using the water from the moat, but the system does not appear to have worked well in practice. The six towers were intended to be three storeys high and contained fireplaces. The castle chapel was built into one of the towers and would have been used by the king and his family, rather than the wider garrison.
Beaumaris is a town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, of which it is the former county town of Anglesey. It is located at the eastern entrance to the Menai Strait, the tidal waterway separating Anglesey from the coast of North Wales. At the 2011 census, its population was 1,938. The community includes Llanfaes.
Beaumaris was originally a Viking settlement known as Porth y Wygyr ("Port of the Vikings"), but the town itself began its development in 1295 when Edward I of England, having conquered Wales, commissioned the building of Beaumaris Castle as part of a chain of fortifications around the North Wales coast (others include Conwy, Caernarfon and Harlech).
The castle was built on a marsh and that is where it found its name; the Norman-French builders called it beaux marais, which translates as "fair marsh".
The ancient village of Llanfaes, a mile to the north of Beaumaris, had been occupied by Anglo-Saxons in 818 but had been regained by Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd, and remained a vital strategic settlement. To counter further Welsh uprisings, and to ensure control of the Menai Strait, Edward I chose the flat coastal plain as the place to build Beaumaris Castle. The castle was designed by the Savoyard mason Master James of Saint George and is considered the most perfect example of a concentric castle. The 'troublesome' residents of Llanfaes were removed en bloc to Rhosyr in the west of Anglesey, a new settlement King Edward entitled "Newborough".
Beaumaris was awarded a royal charter by Edward I, which was drawn up on similar terms to the charters of his other castle towns in North Wales and intended to invest only the English and Norman-French residents with civic rights. Native Welsh residents of Beaumaris were largely disqualified from holding any civic office, carrying any weapon, and holding assemblies; and were not allowed to buy houses or land within the borough. The charter also specifically prohibited Jews (who had been largely expelled from most English towns) from living in Beaumaris.
From 1562 until the Reform Act 1832, Beaumaris was a Rotten Borough with the member of parliament elected by the Corporation of the town which was in the control of the Bulkeley family.
Beaumaris was the port of registration for all vessels in North West Wales, covering every harbour on Anglesey and all the ports from Conwy to Pwllheli. Shipbuilding was a major industry in Beaumaris. This was centred on Gallows Point – a nearby spit of land extending into the Menai Strait about a mile west of the town. Gallows Point had originally been called "Osmund's Eyre" but was renamed when the town gallows was erected there – along with a "Dead House" for the corpses of criminals dispatched in public executions. Later, hangings were carried out at the town gaol and the bodies buried in a lime-pit within the curtilage of the gaol. One of the last prisoners to hang at Beaumaris issued a curse before he died – decreeing that if he was innocent the four faces of the church clock would never show the same time.
According to historian Hywel Teifi Edwards, when the "Provincial Eisteddfod" was held at Beaumaris in 1832, a young Princess Victoria and her mother were in attendance.
Beaumaris has never had a railway station built to the town, although the nearby village of Pentraeth had a station on the former Red Wharf Bay branch line which ran off the Anglesey Central Railway. It was roughly six miles west of the town by road. This station closed in 1930.
Notable buildings in the town include the castle, a courthouse built in 1614, the 14th-century St Mary's and St Nicholas's Church, Beaumaris Gaol, the 14th-century Tudor Rose (one of the oldest original timber-framed buildings in Britain) and the Bulls Head Inn, built in 1472, which General Thomas Mytton made his headquarters during the "Siege of Beaumaris" during the second English Civil War in 1648.
A native of Anglesey, David Hughes, founded Beaumaris Grammar School in 1603. It became a non-selective school in 1952 when Anglesey County Council became the first authority in Britain to adopt comprehensive secondary education. The school was eventually moved to Menai Bridge and only the ancient hall of the original school building now remains. Beaumaris Town Hall was completed in 1785.
Beaumaris Pier, opened in 1846, was designed by Frederick Foster and is a masonry jetty on wooden and concrete pilings. The pier was rebuilt and extended to 570 feet (170 m) after storm damage in 1872, and a large pavilion containing a cafe was built at the end. It was once the landing stage for steamships of the Liverpool and North Wales Shipping Company, including the Snowdon, La Marguerite, St. Elvies and St. Trillo, although the larger vessels in its fleet – the St. Seriol and St. Tudno – were too large for the pier and landed their passengers at Menai Bridge. In the 1960s, through lack of maintenance, the pier became unsafe and was threatened with demolition, but local yachtswoman and lifeboat secretary Miss Mary Burton made a large private donation to ensure the pier was saved for the town. A further reconstruction was carried out between 2010 and 2012.
The Saunders Roe company set up a factory at Fryars (the site of the old Franciscan friary to the east) when it was feared that the company's main base on the Isle of Wight would be a target for World War II Luftwaffe bombers. The factory converted American-built PBY Catalina flying boats. After the war, the company focused on their ship building produced at the site with fast patrol boats, minesweepers and an experimental Austin Float Plane. They also produced buses for London Transport (RT Double deckers) and single deck buses for Cuba.
The first recorded rescue of people in difficulty at sea was in 1830 when 375 people were rescued from a foundered emigrant ship. A lifeboat station was established in 1891 and closed four years later when a neighbouring station was provided with a more powerful lifeboat. The station was reopened in 1914 and is operated by the RNLI.
Beaumaris is served by one primary school. Its 300-year-old grammar school moved to nearby Menai Bridge in 1963 and became the comprehensive Ysgol David Hughes.
According to the United Kingdom Census 2021, 36.8 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Beaumaris can speak Welsh. 56.3 per cent of the population noted that they could speak, read, write or understand Welsh.
The 2011 census noted 39.5 per cent of all usual residents aged 3 years and older in the town could speak Welsh. The 2011 census also noted that 58.7 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ who were born in Wales could speak Welsh. In 2001, 39.7 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Beaumaris could speak Welsh. In 1981, 39.9 per cent of the population could speak Welsh; 10 people were monoglot Welsh speakers.
The Beaumaris Food Festival is an annual food festival that has been held since 2013 in the town and castle grounds.
Notable residents
Memorial to Hugh Davies in St Mary's Church, Beaumaris
Sir Richard Bulkeley (1533–1621), politician and courtier of Elizabeth I, ex officio mayor (1561–1562) and mayor (1562–1563).
Catherine Davies (1773 – after 1841), governess to the children of the King and Queen of Naples and autobiographer.
Hugh Davies (1739–1821) botanist and Anglican clergyman, became rector of Llandegfan with Beaumaris in 1778.
Charles Allen Duval (1810–1872), portrait painter, photographer, illustrator and writer.
Wayne Hennessey (born 1987), Welsh international footballer, approaching 300 club caps and 106 for Wales.[34]
Hendrik Lek (1903–1985) painter and antique dealer, born in Antwerp, Belgium; lived in retirement in Anglesey.
Richard Llwyd (1752–1835), author, poet and genealogist.
Reginald Wynn Owen (1876–1950) architect, worked for the London and North Western Railway.
Neil Sloane (born 1939), mathematician noted for compiling integer sequences.
Namesakes
Beaumaris, the suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and the small seaside town of Beaumaris in Tasmania, were both named after the town.
Beaumaris, the neighbourhood in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, was named after the castle, as was the village of Beaumaris in Muskoka, Ontario.
In popular culture
In 2018, Netflix used Beaumaris as the fictional seaside town (and in particular the pier) for the series Free Rein.
Beaumaris also featured in the 2021 series of Craig and Bruno's Great British Roadtrips. The series followed Strictly Come Dancing stars Craig Revel Horwood and Bruno Tonioli as they visit various North Wales destinations.
The Isle of Anglesey is a county off the north-west coast of Wales. It is named after the island of Anglesey, which makes up 94% of its area, but also includes Holy Island (Ynys Gybi) and some islets and skerries. The county borders Gwynedd across the Menai Strait to the southeast, and is otherwise surrounded by the Irish Sea. Holyhead is the largest town, and the administrative centre is Llangefni. The county is part of the preserved county of Gwynedd.
The Isle of Anglesey is sparsely populated, with an area of 276 square miles (710 km2) and a population of 68,900. After Holyhead (12,103), the largest settlements are Llangefni (5,500) and Amlwch (3,967). The economy of the county is mostly based on agriculture, energy, and tourism, the latter especially on the coast. Holyhead is also a major ferry port for Dublin, Ireland. The county has the second-highest percentage of Welsh speakers in Wales, at 57.2%, and is considered a heartland of the language.
The island of Anglesey, at 676 square kilometres (261 sq mi), is the largest in Wales and the Irish Sea, and the seventh largest in Britain. The northern and eastern coasts of the island are rugged, and the southern and western coasts are generally gentler; the interior is gently undulating. In the north of the island is Llyn Alaw, a reservoir with an area of 1.4 square miles (4 km2). Holy Island has a similar landscape, with a rugged north and west coast and beaches to the east and south. The county is surrounded by smaller islands; several, including South Stack and Puffin Island, are home to seabird colonies. Large parts of the county's coastline have been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The county has many prehistoric monuments, such as Bryn Celli Ddu burial chamber. In the Middle Ages the area was part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd and native Principality of Wales, and the ruling House of Aberffraw maintained courts (Welsh: llysoedd) at Aberffraw and Rhosyr. After Edward I's conquest of Gwynedd he built the castle at Beaumaris, which forms part of the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site. The Menai Strait to the mainland is spanned by the Menai Suspension Bridge, designed by Thomas Telford in 1826, and the Britannia Bridge, originally designed by Robert Stephenson in 1850.
The history of the settlement of the local people of Anglesey starts in the Mesolithic period. Anglesey and the UK were uninhabitable until after the previous ice age. It was not until 12,000 years ago that the island of Great Britain became hospitable. The oldest excavated sites on Anglesey include Trwyn Du (Welsh: Black nose) at Aberffraw. The Mesolithic site located at Aberffraw Bay (Porth Terfyn) was buried underneath a Bronze Age 'kerb cairn' which was constructed c. 2,000 BC. The bowl barrow (kerb cairn) covered a material deposited from the early Mesolithic period; the archeological find dates to 7,000 BC. After millennia of hunter-gather civilisation in the British Isles, the first villages were constructed from 4000 BC. Neolithic settlements were built in the form of long houses, on Anglesey is one of the first villages in Wales, it was built at Llanfaethlu. Also an example permanent settlement on Anglesey is of a Bronze Age built burial mound, Bryn Celli Ddu (English: Dark Grove Hill). The mound started as a henge enclosure around 3000 BC and was adapted several times over a millennium.
There are numerous megalithic monuments and menhirs in the county, testifying to the presence of humans in prehistory. Plas Newydd is near one of 28 cromlechs that remain on uplands overlooking the sea. The Welsh Triads claim that the island of Anglesey was once part of the mainland.
After the Neolithic age, the Bronze Age began (c. 2200 BC – 800 BC). Some sites were continually used for thousands of years from original henge enclosures, then during the Iron Age, and also some of these sites were later adapted by Celts into hillforts and finally were in use during the Roman period (c. 100 AD) as roundhouses. Castell Bryn Gwyn (English: White hill castle, also called Bryn Beddau, or the "hill of graves") near Llanidan, Anglesey is an example of a Neolithic site that became a hillfort that was used until the Roman period by the Ordovices, the local tribe who were defeated in battle by a Roman legion (c. 78 AD). Bronze Age monuments were also built throughout the British Isles. During this period, the Mynydd Bach cairn in South-west Anglesey was being used. It is a Beaker period prehistoric funerary monument.
During the Iron Age the Celts built dwellings huts, also known as roundhouses. These were established near the previous settlements. Some huts with walled enclosures were discovered on the banks of the river (Welsh: afon) Gwna near. An example of a well-preserved hut circle is over the Cymyran Strait on Holy Island. The Holyhead Mountain Hut Circles (Welsh: Tŷ Mawr / Cytiau'r Gwyddelod, Big house / "Irishmen's Huts") were inhabited by ancient Celts and were first occupied before the Iron Age, c. 1000 BC. The Anglesey Iron Age began after 500 BC. Archeological research discovered limpet shells which were found from 200 BC on a wall at Tŷ Mawr and Roman-era pottery from the 3rd to 4th centuries AD. Some of these huts were still being used for agricultural purposes as late as the 6th century. The first excavation of Ty Mawr was conducted by William Owen Stanley of Penrhos, Anglesey (son of Baron Stanley of Alderley).
Historically, Anglesey has long been associated with the druids. The Roman conquest of Anglesey began in 60 CE when the Roman general Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, determined to break the power of the druids, attacked the island using his amphibious Batavian contingent as a surprise vanguard assault and then destroyed the shrine and the nemeta (sacred groves). News of Boudica's revolt reached him just after his victory, causing him to withdraw his army before consolidating his conquest. The island was finally brought into the Roman Empire by Gnaeus Julius Agricola, the Roman governor of Britain, in AD 78. During the Roman occupation, the area was notable for the mining of copper. The foundations of Caer Gybi, a fort in Holyhead, are Roman, and the present road from Holyhead to Llanfairpwllgwyngyll was originally a Roman road. The island was grouped by Ptolemy with Ireland ("Hibernia") rather than with Britain ("Albion").
After the Roman departure from Britain in the early 5th century, pirates from Ireland (Picts) colonised Anglesey and the nearby Llŷn Peninsula. In response to this, Cunedda ap Edern, a Gododdin warlord from Scotland, came to the area and began to drive the Irish out. This was continued by his son Einion Yrth ap Cunedda and grandson Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion; the last Irish invaders were finally defeated in battle in 470.
During the 9th century, King Rhodri Mawr unified Wales and separated the country into at least 3 provinces between his sons. He gave Gwynedd to his son, Anarawd ap Rhodri, who founded the medieval Welsh dynasty, The House of Aberffraw on Anglesey, also his other son Cadell founded House of Dinefwr in Deheubarth, and another son, Merfyn ruled Powys (where the House of Mathrafal emerged). The island had a good defensive position, and so Aberffraw became the site of the royal court (Welsh: Llys) of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. Apart from devastating Danish raids in 853 and 968 in Aberffraw, it remained the capital until the 13th, after Rhodri Mawr had moved his family seat from Caernarfon and built a royal palace at Aberffraw in 873. This is when improvements to the English navy made the location indefensible. Anglesey was also briefly the most southerly possession of the Norwegian Empire.[citation needed]
After the Irish, the island was invaded by Vikings — some raids were noted in famous sagas (see Menai Strait History) such as the Jómsvíkinga— and by Saxons, and Normans, before falling to Edward I of England in the 13th century. The connection with the Vikings can be seen in the name of the island. In ancient times it was called "Maenige" and received the name "Ongulsey" or Angelsoen, from where the current name originates.
Anglesey (with Holy Island) is one of the 13 historic counties of Wales. In medieval times, before the conquest of Wales in 1283, Môn often had periods of temporary independence, when frequently bequeathed to the heirs of kings as a sub-kingdom of Gwynedd, an example of this was Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (Llywelyn I, the Great c. 1200s) who was styled the Prince of Aberffraw. After the Norman invasion of Wales was one of the last times this occurred a few years after 1171, after the death of Owain Gwynedd, when the island was inherited by Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd, and between 1246 and about 1255 when it was granted to Owain Goch as his share of the kingdom. After the conquest of Wales by Edward I, Anglesey became a county under the terms of the Statute of Rhuddlan of 1284. Hitherto it had been divided into the cantrefi of Aberffraw, Rhosyr and Cemaes.
During 1294 as a rebellion of the former house of Aberffraw, Prince Madog ap Llywelyn had attacked King Edward I's castles in North Wales. As a direct response, Beaumaris Castle was constructed to control Edward's interests in Anglesey, however, by the 1320s the build was abandoned and never complete. The castle was besieged by Owain Glyndŵr in the early 15th century. It was ruinous by 1609, however, the 6th Viscount Bulkeley had purchased the castle from Crown the in 1807 and it has been open to the public under the guardianship of the Crown ever since 1925.
The Shire Hall in Llangefni was completed in 1899. During the First World War, the Presbyterian minister and celebrity preacher John Williams toured the island as part of an effort to recruit young men as volunteers. The island's location made it ideal for monitoring German U-Boats in the Irish Sea, with half a dozen airships based at Mona. German POWs were kept on the island. By the end of the war, some 1,000 of the island's men had died on active service.
In 1936 the NSPCC opened its first branch on Anglesey.
During the Second World War, Anglesey received Italian POWs. The island was designated a reception zone, and was home to evacuee children from Liverpool and Manchester.
In 1971, a 100,000 ton per annum aluminum smelter was opened by Rio Tinto Zinc Corporation and British Insulated Callender's Cables with Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation as a 30 per cent partner.
In 1974, Anglesey became a district of the new county of Gwynedd. The Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 abolished the 1974 county and the five districts on 1 April 1996, and Anglesey became a separate unitary authority. In 2011, the Welsh Government appointed a panel of commissioners to administer the council, which meant the elected members were not in control. The commissioners remained until an election was held in May 2013, restoring an elected Council. Before the period of direct administration, there had been a majority of independent councillors. Though members did not generally divide along party lines, these were organised into five non-partisan groups on the council, containing a mix of party and independent candidates. The position has been similar since the election, although the Labour Party has formed a governing coalition with the independents.
Brand new council offices were built at Llangefni in the 1990s for the new Isle of Anglesey County Council.
Anglesey is a low-lying island with low hills spaced evenly over the north. The highest six are Holyhead Mountain, 220 metres (720 ft); Mynydd Bodafon, 178 metres (584 ft); Mynydd Llaneilian, 177 metres (581 ft); Mynydd y Garn, 170 metres (560 ft); Bwrdd Arthur, 164 metres (538 ft); and Mynydd Llwydiarth, 158 metres (518 ft). To the south and south-east, the island is divided from the Welsh mainland by the Menai Strait, which at its narrowest point is about 250 metres (270 yd) wide. In all other directions the island is surrounded by the Irish Sea. At 676 km2 (261 sq mi), it is the 52nd largest island of Europe and just five km2 (1.9 sq mi) smaller than the main island of Singapore.
There are a few natural lakes, mostly in the west, such as Llyn Llywenan, the largest on the island, Llyn Coron, and Cors Cerrig y Daran, but rivers are few and small. There are two large water supply reservoirs operated by Welsh Water. These are Llyn Alaw to the north of the island and Llyn Cefni in the centre of the island, which is fed by the headwaters of the Afon Cefni.
The climate is humid (though less so than neighbouring mountainous Gwynedd) and generally equable thanks to the Gulf Stream. The land is of variable quality and has probably lost some fertility. Anglesey has the northernmost olive grove in Europe and presumably in the world.
The coast of the Isle of Anglesey is more populous than the interior. The largest community is Holyhead, which is located on Holy Island and had a population of 12,103 at the 2021 United Kingdom census. It is followed by Amlwch (3,697), Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf (3,085), and Menai Bridge (3,046), all located on the coast of the island of Anglesey. The largest community in the interior of Anglesey is Llangefni (5,500), the county town; the next-largest is Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog (1,711).
Beaumaris (Welsh: Biwmares) in the east features Beaumaris Castle, built by Edward I during his Bastide campaign in North Wales. Beaumaris is a yachting centre, with boats moored in the bay or off Gallows Point. The village of Newborough (Welsh: Niwbwrch), in the south, created when townsfolk of Llanfaes were relocated for the building of Beaumaris Castle, includes the site of Llys Rhosyr, another court of medieval Welsh princes featuring one of the United Kingdom's oldest courtrooms. The centrally localted Llangefni is the island's administrative centre. The town of Menai Bridge (Welsh: Porthaethwy) in the south-east, expanded to accommodate workers and construction when the first bridge to the mainland was being built. Hitherto Porthaethwy had been one of the main ferry ports for the mainland. A short distance from the town lies Bryn Celli Ddu, a Stone Age burial mound.
Nearby is the village with the longest name in Europe, Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch, and Plas Newydd, ancestral home of the Marquesses of Anglesey. The town of Amlwch lies in the north-east of the island and was once largely industrialised, having grown in the 18th century to support a major copper-mining industry at Parys Mountain.
Other settlements include Cemaes, Pentraeth, Gaerwen, Dwyran, Bodedern, Malltraeth and Rhosneigr. The Anglesey Sea Zoo is a local attraction offering looks at local marine wildlife from common lobsters to congers. All fish and crustaceans on display are caught round the island and placed in habitat reconstructions. The zoo also breeds lobsters commercially for food and oysters for pearls, both from local stocks. Sea salt (Halen Môn, from local sea water) is produced in a facility nearby, having formerly been made at the Sea Zoo site.
Landmarks
Anglesey Motor Racing Circuit
Anglesey Sea Zoo near Dwyran
Bays and beaches – Benllech, Cemlyn, Red Wharf, and Rhosneigr
Beaumaris Castle and Gaol
Cribinau – tidal island with 13th-century church
Elin's Tower (Twr Elin) – RSPB reserve and the lighthouse at South Stack (Ynys Lawd) near Holyhead
King Arthur's seat – near Beaumaris
Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, one of the longest place names in the world
Malltraeth – centre for bird life and home of wildlife artist Charles Tunnicliffe
Moelfre – fishing village
Parys Mountain – copper mine dating to the early Bronze Age
Penmon – priory and dovecote
Skerries Lighthouse – at the end of a low piece of submerged land, north-east of Holyhead
Stone Science Museum – privately run fossil museum near Pentraeth
Swtan longhouse and museum – owned by the National Trust and managed by the local community
Working windmill – Llanddeusant
Ynys Llanddwyn (Llanddwyn Island) – tidal island
St Cybi's Church Historic church in Holyhead
Born in Anglesey
Tony Adams – actor (Anglesey, 1940)
Stu Allan – radio and club DJ
John C. Clarke – U.S. state politician (Anglesey, 1831)
Grace Coddington – creative director for US Vogue (Anglesey, 1941)
Charles Allen Duval – artist and writer (Beaumaris, 1810)
Dawn French – actress, writer, comedian (Holyhead, 1957)
Huw Garmon – actor (Anglesey, 1966)
Hugh Griffith – Oscar-winning actor (Marianglas, 1912)
Elen Gwdman – poet (fl. 1609)
Meinir Gwilym – singer and songwriter (Llangristiolus, 1983)
Owain Gwynedd – royal prince (Anglesey, c. 1100)
Hywel Gwynfryn – radio and TV personality (Llangefni, 1942)
Aled Jones – singer and television presenter (Llandegfan, 1970)
John Jones – amateur astronomer (Bryngwyn Bach, Dwyran 1818 – Bangor 1898); a.k.a. Ioan Bryngwyn Bach and Y Seryddwr
William Jones – mathematician (Llanfihangel Tre'r Beirdd, 1675)
Julian Lewis Jones – actor, known for his portrayal of Karl Morris on the Sky 1 comedy Stella (Anglesey, 1968)
John Morris-Jones – grammarian and poet (Llandrygarn, 1864)
Edward Owen – 18th-century artist, notable for letters documenting life in London's art scene
Goronwy Owen – 18th-century poet (Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf, 1723)
Osian Roberts – association football player and manager (Bodffordd)
Tecwyn Roberts – NASA aerospace engineer and Director of Networks at Goddard Space Flight Center (Llanddaniel Fab, 1925)
Hugh Owen Thomas – pioneering orthopaedic surgeon (Anglesey, 1836)
Ifor Owen Thomas – operatic tenor, photographer and artist (Red Wharf Bay, 1892)
Sefnyn – medieval court poet
Owen Tudor – grandfather of Henry Tudor, married the widow of Henry V, which gave the Tudor family a claim on the English throne (Anglesey, c. 1400).
Kyffin Williams – landscape painter (Llangefni, 1918)
William Williams – recipient of the Victoria Cross (Amlwch, 1890)
Andy Whitfield – actor (Amlwch, 1971)
Gareth Williams – employee of Britain's GCHQ signals intelligence agency (Anglesey, 1978)
It's not often The Topiary Cat gets a chance to be photographed from a drone camera, but he's full of surprises!
It am the weekend again, but after a week off, so one belnds smoothly into the other.
And next week I have a four day trip to the Isle of Wight for work, which will do me good too.
Not much planned for the day, once shopping was done. And I do that as Jools is still coughing and so did not want to go round the supermarket coughing like that.
So, I d the week's shop, though not much needed as I will be away four days, so I am back with three bags of shopping, and we have the usual Saturday breakfast of fruit followed by bacon sandwiches.
Posting shots on other social media showed me many churches had to be revisited. Just about the last one to be thus revisited was Minster-in-Thanet, as the album had 55 shots from two previous visits, and I thought such a large and imposing church deserved more.
So, it was a quiet drive over to Sandwich, taking the bypass round Stonar, then turning off at the delightfully named Sevenscore for the drive along the back lanes into Minster, passing by the Abbey, outside of which was an actual nun, all dressed in cowl and long black gown.
A little further on is St Mary, and parking is easy just outside the churchyard, and although it looked locked, the west door under the tower was unlocked, and inside there were no others inside, so I had it to myself.
I had hoped I had missed whole or fragments of glass, but there was none to be seen, some nice arts and crafts ones of Queen Bertha, which I record. I think I snap everything, so after half an hour we are done.
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Minster Abbey on the Isle of Thanet was founded in AD 669 by Domneva, niece of King Erconbert of Kent. The enormous parish church, built some distance to the south-west of the abbey, dates from two distinct periods. The nave is Norman, a magnificent piece of twelfth-century arcading with tall cylindrical pillars. The chancel and transepts are thirteenth century, with a three-light east window, each one double shafted inside. This end of the church has a simple stone vaulted ceiling which adds greatly to the grandeur. The glass is by Thomas Willement and dates from 1861. Ewan Christian restored the church in 1863 and added vaulted ceilings to the transepts. They had been intended by the medieval designers, but were never built. There is a set of eighteen fifteenth-century stalls with misericords and an excellent sixteenth-century font and cover.
kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Minster+in+Thanet
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MINSTER.
THE next parish to Monkton eastward is Minster, antiently written both Mynstre, and Menstre, being so named from the Saxon word Minstre, signifying a church or monastery. It is divided into two boroughs, viz. Way Borough and Street Borough; the former of which lies on the ascent on the northern side of the street; the latter contains the street and church, with the southern part of the parish.
THIS PARISH is about three miles and an half from east to west, and near as much from north to south. The farms in it are perhaps as large as in any other parish in this county; the occupiers of which are, in general, men of considerable ability. The west part of this parish is bounded by a lynch or balk, which goes quite across the island to Westgate, called St. Mildred's Lynch, an account of which has already been given before, and which is the bounds of this manor from that of Monkton, as well as of the parish. This lynch has formerly been much broader than it is now, many of the farmers, who occupy lands bounding on or near it, having through a coveteous humour, not only dug up the mould or top of it, to lay on their land, but in some places have ploughed upon it. Too many instances of this kind are practised in other places, not only of this island, but of the county in general, so that there is scarce a remembrance left where those balks or lynches have been; such has the greedy avarice of the occupiers been, and this is one instance of the ill consequence of the neglect of the courts leet and baron. The village of Minster lies nearly in the centre of it, on low ground at the foot of the high lands, having the church on the south side of it; northward of the village it rises to high land, being a fine open champion country of uninclosed corn land, on which are situated Minster mill, Allan Grange, and Powcies, the latter at the extremity of the parish, close to which was, till lately, a small grove of oaks, the only one in this island. Lower down, about a mile southward, is Thorne manor, and beyond that Sevenscore farm. At the south-eastern extremity of the parish, and partly in St. Laurence, is Cliffsend, or Clyvesend, so called from its being at the end of the cliff, which extends from Ramsgate; it was antieutly a part of the estate of St. Augustine's monastery, and is called by Thorne in his Chronicle, the manor of Clyvesend. Here are now two considerable farms besides cottages.
About a mile and an half south-east from Minster church, is Ebbsfleet, formerly called by the various names of Hipwines, Ippeds, and Wipped's fleet; this seems to have been a usual place of landing from the ocean in this island; here it is said Hengist and Horsa, the two Saxon generals, first landed with their forces, about the year 449. Here St. Augustine, often called the Apostle of the English, first landed, in the year 596; and here too St. Mildred, of whom mention has been made likewise before, first landed from France, where she had been for instruction in the monastic life; and not many years ago there was a small rock at this place, called St. Mildred's rock, where, on a great stone, her footstep was said, by the monkish writers, to have remained impressed. (fn. 1) Below the church of Minster, southward, is the large level of marshes, called Minster level, at the southern extremity of which runs the river Stour, formerly the Wantsume, which, as has already been noticed before, was antiently of a much greater depth and width than it is at present, flowing up over the whole space of this level, most probably almost to the church-yard fence, being near a mile and an half distance; but the inning of the salts by the landholders, which had been in some measure deserted by the waters of the Wantsume at different places, so far lessened the force of the tide, and of the river waters mixing with it, that it occasioned the sands to increase greatly near this place, where it was at length entirely choaked up, so that a wall of earth was made by the abbot of St. Augustine, since called the Abbot's wall, to prevent the sea at high water overslowing the lands, which now comprehend this great level of marshes, at present under the direction and management of the commissioners of sewers for the district of East Kent. A part of these marsh lands have been much improved by means of shortening the course of the river Stour to the sea, by the cut at Stonar, which lets off the superfluous water in wet seasons with greater expedition, and a very valuable tract of near two hundred acres has been lately inclosed by a strong wall from the sea near Ebbs-fleet. Between the above-mentioned wall and the river Stour lie a great many acres of land, which the inhabitants call the salts, from their being left without the wall, and subject to the overflowing of the tide, so long as it continued to flow all around this island. Over against the church is a little creek, which seems to have been the place antiently called Mynstrefleet, into which the ships or vessels came, which were bound for this place. As a proof of this, there was found some years ago in a dyke bounding on this place, in digging it somewhat deeper than usual, some fresh coals, which very probably had fallen aside some lighter or boat in taking them out of it. (fn. 2)
I ought not to omit mentioning, that on the downs on the north part of this parish, where the old and present windmills were placed, is a prospect, which perhaps is hardly exceeded in this part of the kingdom. From this place may be seen, not only this island and the several churches in it, one only excepted; but there is a view at a distance, of the two spires of Reculver, the island of Sheppy, the Nore, or mouth of the river Thames, the coast of Essex, the Swale, and the British channel; the cliffs of Calais, and the kingdom of France; the Downs, and the town of Deal, the bay and town of Sandwich, the fine champion country of East Kent, the spires of Woodnesborough and Ash, the ruins of Richborough castle, the beautiful green levels of Minister, Ash, &c. with the river Stour winding between them; the fine and stately tower of the cathedral of Canterbury, and a compass of hills of more than one hundred miles in extent, which terminate the sight.
In the marshes on the south of this parish, there was found in 1723, an antique gold ring; on the place of the seal, which seemed to represent an open book, was engraved on one side an angel, seemingly kneeling, and on the other side a woman standing with a glory round her head; on the woman's side was engraved in old English characters, bone; on that of the angel, letters of the same character, but illegible. A fair is kept in this village on a Good Friday for pedlary and toys.
By the return made to the council's letter, by archbishop Parker's order, in the year 1563, there were then computed to be in this parish fifty-three housholds. By an exact account taken of Minster in 1774, there were found to be in this parish one hundred and forty-nine houses, and six hundred and ninety-six inhabitants; of the houses, sixteen were farm-houses, and one hundred and thirty three were inhabited by tradesmen, labourers, and widows.
THE MANOR and ABBEY OF MINSTER was antiently called Thaket manor, and continued so till, from the foundation of the abbey or minster within it, it acquired the name of the manor of Minster, though in the survey of Domesday, taken in the year 1080, it is still called Tanet manor, Kar exoxnv; but I have met with it no where else so late by that name.
This manor was in the year 670 in the possession of Egbert, king of Kent, whose two nephews Ethelred and Ethelbright, sons of his father's elder brother Ermenfride, deceased, (who left likewise two daughters, Ermenburga, called also Domneva, married to Merwald, son of Penda, king of Mercia, and Ermengitha, were left to his care, under promise of their succeeding to the kingdom. These princes were kept under the inspection of one Thunnor, a flattering courtier, who persuaded the king to have them murdered, left they should disturb him in the possession of the throne; which Thunnor undertook and perpetrated. To expiate this crime, the king, by the advice of archbishop Theodore, and Adrian, abbot of St. Augustine's, sent to Domneva, who had taken the vow of chastity on her, to offer her any satisfaction for this crime, when, as an atonement, she requested of the king, according to the custom of those times, to grant her a place in Tenet, where she might build a monastery to their memory, with a sufficient maintenance, in which she, with her nuns, might continually pray for the king's forgiveness, who immediately by his charter, which concludes with a singular curse on the infringers of it, (fn. 3) granted her for the endowment of it full one half of this island, being the eastern part of it, comprehended within the bounds of this manor, and since separated from the western part of the island and manor of Monkton, by a broad bank or lynch, made quite across the island, since called St. Mildred's Lynch, and remaining at this day.
The story of this grant, as told by Thorn, a native of this parish, and a monk of St. Augustine's monastery, in his chronicle of that abbey, is, that Egbert granting Domneva's petition, demanded of her how much land she desired; who replied, as much as her deer could run over at one course; this being granted, the deer was let loose at Westgate, in Birchington, in the presence of the king, his nobles, and a great concourse of people. Among them was Thunnor, the petrator of the murder, who, ridiculing the king for the lavishness of his gift and the method of its decision, endeavoured by every means to obstruct the deer's course, both by riding across and meeting it; but Heaven, continues the chronicler, being offended at his impiety, whilst he was in the midst of his career, the earth opened and swallowed him up, leaving the name of Tunnor's-leap, or Thunor's hyslepe, to the ground and place where he fell, to perpetuate the memory of his punishment, though it was afterwards called Heghigdale. Meanwhile the deer having made a small circle eastward, directed its course almost in a strait line south-westward across the island from one side to the other, running over in length and breadth forty-eight plough-lands; and the king, immediately afterwards delivered up to Domneva the whole tract of land which the deer had run over.
This tract or course of the deer, which included above ten thousand acres of some of the best lands in Kent, is said to have been marked out by the broad bank, or lynch, across the island, since called St. Mildred's Lynch, thrown up in remembrance of it; (fn. 4) but notwithstanding this well-invented story of Thorn, it is more probable that this lynch was made to divide the two capital manors of Minster and Monkton, before this gift to Domneva.
Puteus Thunor, (or Thunor's leap) says the annalist of St. Augustine's monastery, apparet prope Cursum Cervi juxta Aldelond; and the place where the king stood to see this course is represented to be by it, where formerly was a beacon, it being some of the highest land hereabouts, where the king might see the course. This Puteus Thunor, or Thunorslep, is very plainly the old chalk pit, called Minster chalk-pit, which its not unlikely was first sunk when the abbey and church here were built, and the bottom of it in process of time, being overgrown with grass, gave occasion for the invention of this sable of Thunor's being swallowed up by the earth at this place. The name of Thunorslep has been long since obliterated, and even the more modern one of Heghigdate has been long forgotten. Weever says, he lieth buried under an heap of stones, which to that day was called Thunniclam.
Domneva being thus furnished with wealth and all things necessary, founded, in honor of the B.V. Mary, a monastery, or cloyster of nuns, afterwards called ST. MILDRED'S ABBEY, on part of this land, on the south side of the island near the water, in the same placewhere the present parochial church stands. Archbishop Theodore, at the instance of Domneva, consecrated the church of it, and she afterwards appointed the number of nuns to be seventy, and was appointed by the archbishop, the first abbess of it; she died here and was buried on the glebe of the new monastery. Ermengitha, her sister, was after her death sainted, and lived with Domneva, in the abbey here, where she died, and was buried in a place about a mile eastward of it, where the inhabitants have found numbers of bones, and where it is probable, she built some chapel or oratory. In a field or marsh called the twenty acres, a little more than a quarter of a mile eastward of the church of Minster, are several foundations, as if some chapel or oratory had been built there. (fn. 5)
Domneva was succeeded as abbess by her daughter Mildred, who was afterwards sainted. She is said to have been buried in this church. On her death Edburga succeeded in the government of this monastery, who finding it insufficient for so great a number of nuns, built another just by, larger and more stately, which was consecrated by archbishop Cuthbert, and dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul; and to this church she, about the year 750, removed the body of St. Mildred, at whose tomb many miracles were said to be wrought afterwards. Edburga was buried at Minster in her own new church, and was afterwards sainted. She was succeeded as abbess of this monastery by Sigeburga. In her time was the first depredation of the Danes in Thanet; who sell upon the people, laid every thing waste, and pludered the religious in this monastery; from this time they continued their ravages throughout this island almost every year; hence by degrees, this monastery fell to decay, and the nuns decreased in number, being vexed with grief and worn down with poverty, by the continual insults of these merciless pirates, who landed in this island in 978, and entirely destroyed by fire this monastery of St. Mildred, in which the clergy and many of the people were shut up, having fled thither for sanctuary; but they were, together with the nuns, all burnt to death, excepting Leofrune the abbess, who is said to have been carried away prisoner.
The Danes, however, spared the two chapels of St. Mary, and of St. Peter and St. Paul, in one of which divine service was afterwards performed, for the inhabitants of this parish and the adjoining neighbourhood. The antient scite of the monastery, together with this manor, and all the rest of the possessions of it remained in the king's hands, and they continued so till king Cnute, in the year 1027, gave the body of St. Mildred, together with the antient scite of the monastery, this manor and all its land within this island and without, and all customs belonging to this church, to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, which gift was confirmed by king Edward the Confessor. (fn. 6)
The abbot and convent of St. Augustine becoming thus possessed of this manor, fitted up the remains of the abbey to serve as the court-lodge of it; accordingly it has ever since borne the name of Minstercourt. In the survey of Domesday, taken in the 15th year of the Conqueror's reign, anno 1080, this manor is thus described, under the general title of Terra æcclæ Sci Augustini, the land of the church of St. Augustine.
In Tanet hundred. St. Mildred's.
The abbot himself holds Tanet manor, which was taxed at forty-eight sulings. The arable land is sixty-two carucates. In demesne there are two, and one hundred and fifty villeins, with fifty borderers having sixty-three carucates. There is a church and one priest, who gives twenty shillings per annum. There is one salt-pit and two fisheries of three pence, and one mill.
In the time of king Edward the Confessor it was worth four times twenty pounds, when the abbot received it forty pounds, now one hundred pounds.
Of this manor three knights hold so much of the land of the villeins as is worth nine pounds, when there is peace in the land, and there they have three carucates.
After which king Henry I. granted to the monastery of St. Augustine, about the 4th of his reign, a market, to be yearly held within this their manor of Minster, with all customs, forseitures, and pleas; which was confirmed among other liberties by Edward III. in his 36th year, by inspeximus.
King Henry III. in his 54th year, anno 1270, granted to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, free-warren in all their demesne lands of Minster. (fn. 7) King Edward II. in his 6th year, confirmed to the abbot free-warren in this manor among others, and next year anno 1313, in the iter of H. de Stanton and his sociates, justices itinerant, the abbot, upon a quo warranto, claimed and was allowed sundry liberties therein mentioned, in this manor, among others, and likewise free-warren in all his demesne lands of it, view of frank pledge, and wreck of the sea; one market weekly on a Friday, and one fair yearly on the eve and day of St. Mildred the Virgin, and other liberties therein mentioned; as having been granted and confirmed by divers of the king's predecessors, and allowed in the last iter of J. de Berewick and his sociates, justices itinerant; and that king Edward II. by his charter in his 6th year had sully confirmed all of them, and by the register of this monastery, of about this time, it appears that this manor had within its court the same liberties as those of Chistlet and Sturry. King Edward III. in his 5th year, exempted the abbot's homagers and tenants of this, among other of their manors, from their attendance at the sheriff's tourne, and afterwards by his charter of inspeximus in his 36th year, confirmed to this abbey all the manors and possessions given to it by former kings; and by another charter, the several grants of liberties and confirmations made by his predecessors, among which were those abovementioned; and king Henry VI. afterwards confirmed the same.
Next year the abbot and his servants taking distresses on their tenants of this manor, the tenants, to the number of six hundred, met and continued together for the space of five weeks, having got with them a greater number of people, who coming armed with bows and arrows, swords and staves, to the court of this manor and that of Salmanstone, belonging likewise to the abbot, laid siege to them, and after several attacks set fire to the gates of them. For fear of these violences, the monks and their servants at Salmanstone kept themselves confined there for fifteen days, so that the people enraged at not being able to encompass their ends in setting fire to the houses, destroyed the abbot's ploughs and husbandry utensils, which were in the fields; and cut down and carried away the trees on both these manors.
At the same time they entered into a confederacy and raised money here by tallages and assessments, by means of which they drew to them no small number of others of the cinque ports, who had nothing to lose, so that the abbot dared not sue for justice in the king's courts; but a method it seems was found to punish these rioters, or at least the principal of them, who were fined to the abbot for these damages six hundred pounds, a vast sum in those days, and were imprisoned at Canterbury till the fine was paid. The uneasiness of the tenants under such respective suits and services, seems to have occasioned the abbot and convent to have compounded with them, which they did in the year 1441, anno 20 Henry VI. By this composition the abbot and convent agreed, that the tenants should not in future be distrained for the rents and services they used to pay; but instead of them should pay compositions for every acre of the land called Cornegavel and Pennygavel, (fn. 8) which composition for the Cornegavel and Pennygavel land, continues in force at this time, being sixpence an acre now paid for the Cornegavel land.
In the time of king Richard II. this manor, with its rents and other appurtenances, was valued among the temporalities of the abbot and convent, at 232l. 4s. 3d. per annum; and the quantity of land belonging to it was by admeasurement 2149 acres and one rood.
In which state this manor continued till the final dissolution of the abbey of St. Augustine, which happened in the 30th year of Henry VIII. when it was surrendered, together with the rest of the possessions of the monastery, into the king's hands; at which time the manor and rents were of the value of 276l. yearly. (fn. 9) After which, the see of this manor, with the antient court-lodge of it, formerly the monastery, and then called Minster-court, with all the lands and appurtenances belonging to it, continued in the crown, till king James I. in his 9th year, by his letters patent, granted to Sir Philip Cary, William Pitt, esq. afterwards knighted; and John Williams, citizen and goldsmith of London, this lordship and manor of Menstre, with its rights, members, and appurtenances, late parcel of St. Augustine's monastery, except and reserved to the king's use, all advowsons and patronages of churches, chapels, &c. belonging to this manor; and he granted likewise all the rents of assize called Cornegavel land, in the parish of St. John, parcel of this manor; and the rents of assize of free tenement called Pennygavel land, in the parishes of St. Peter and St. Laurence, (fn. 10) to hold the manor, with its right, members and appurtenances, of the king, as of his manor of East Greenwich, by sealty only, in free and common socage, and not in capite, nor by knight's service; and to hold the rents of assize of the king in capite, by the service of one knight's fee; which grant and letters patent were conconfirmed by an act specially passed for the purpose, that year.
Some years after which, the heirs of the beforementioned Sir Philip Carey and John Williams, then Sir John Williams, bart. of Carmarthenshire, divided this estate; in which division, the manor itself with the court-lodge, part of the demesne lands, royalties, and appurtenances, was allotted to Sir John Williams, bart. (who died in 1668, and was buried in the Temple church, London); whose descendant of the same name, bart. of Carmarthenshire, dying without male issue, his daughter and sole heir, then the widow of the earl of Shelburne, carried it in marriage, at the latter end of king Charles II.'s reign, to Col. Henry Conyngham, afterwards a major-general in king William's reign, who died possessed of it in 1705. He left two sons, William and Henry, and a daughter Mary, married to Francis Burton, esq. of Clare, in Ireland. William, the eldest son of the general, succeeded him in this manor and estate in Minster, but died without surviving issue, upon which this estate descended to Henry Conyngham, esq. his younger brother, second son of the general, who was in 1753, anno 27 George II. created baron Conyngham, of Mount Charles, in Donegall, in Ireland; and afterwards by further letters patent, in 1756, viscount Conyngham, of the same kingdom; and again in 1780, earl Conyngham, and likewise baron Conyngham, of the same kingdom, with remainder of the latter title to his sister's sons. He married Ellen, only daughter of Solomon Merret, esq. of London, by whom he had no issue. He died s.p. in 1781, and was succeeded in his title of baron Conyngham by his nephew Francis Pierpoint Burton Conyngham, eldest son of his sister Mary, by her husband Francis Burton, esq. above-mentioned, which Francis, lord Conyngham, died in 1787, leaving by his wife Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Nathaniel Clements, esq. and sister of Robert, lord Leitrim, (who survived him) two sons, Henry, who succeeded him in title, and Nathaniel, and three daughters, Catherine married to the Rev. John Shirley Fermor, of Sevenoke; Ellen, to Stewart Weldon, esq. and Henrietta.
Henry, so succeeding his father as lord Conyngham, was created in December 1789, viscount Conyngham and baron Conyngham, of Mount Charles, in Donegall, to whom the inheritance of this manor and estate now belongs; but the possession of it for life is vested in the right hon. Ellen, countess dowager Conyngham; widow of Henry, earl Conyngham, above-mentioned. The arms of lord viscount Conyngham are, Argent, a shake-sork, between three mullets, sable. Supporters. The dexter—An horse charged on the breast with an eagle, displayed, or, maned and hoofed of the last. The sinister—A buck proper, charged on the breast with a griffin's head, erased, or, attired and unguled of the last. Crest—Anunicorn's head erased, argent, armed and maned, or. Motto—Over fork over.
A court leet and court baron is held for this manor, by the stile of the courtleet, and view of frank pledge, for the manor of Minster, in the hundred of Ringslow, alias Tenet, and the court baron for the said manor.
The court-lodge, formerly a part of the nunnery, was, after the dissolution of it, made use of as a farmhouse, in which some of the monks of St. Augustine resided, to manage the estate of it, which they kept in their own hands. On the north side of it, which seems to have been the front or entrance, is a handsome stone portal, on the top of which, in the middle, within a circle, are the arms of the abbey of St. Augustine, viz. Sable, a cross, argent. At a small distance from it stood antiently a very large barn, sufficient to hold the corn growing on all the demesnes, being in length 352 feet, and in breadth 47 feet, and the height of the walls 12 feet, with a roof of chesnut. When the estate was divided, 154 feet in length of this building was carried to Sevenscore farm, where it was burnt, by an accident unknown in 1700, and the remaining part here was burnt by lightning afterwards. On the south side of the house stood a chapel, said to have been built by St. Eadburga, the third abbess here. In it the body of St. Mildred is said to have been placed by her, or rather translated from the other monastery. Some of the walls and foundations of this chapel were remaining within the memory of some not long since deceased, but it is now so entirely demolished, that there is nothing to be seen of it, excepting a small part of the tower, and of the stairs leading up into it. Just by these ruins of the tower is a small piece of ground, in which lately in digging for mould, several human bones were dug up. There is a view of the remains of this nunnery in Lewis's Thanet.
THE OTHER PART of this estate, the scite of which lies about a mile eastward from Minster-court, since known by the name of SEVENSCORE, on which is built a substantial farm-house, with large barns and other necessary buildings, was allotted to —Carey, in whose successors viscounts Falkland, this estate continued down to Lucius Ferdinand, viscount Falkland, who not many years since alienated it to Josiah Wordsworth, esq. of London, whose son of the same name died possessed of it about the year 1784, leaving two sisters his coheirs, one of whom married Sir Charles Kent, bart. and the other, Anne, married Henry Verelst, esq. who afterwards, in right of their respective wives, became possessed of this estate in undivided moieties; in which state it still continues, Sir Charles Kent being at this time entitled to one moiety, and Mrs. Verelst, the widow of Henry Verelst, esq. above-mentioned, who died in 1785, and lies buried in this church, being entitled to the other moiety of it.
WASCHESTER is an estate lying at a small distance westward from Minster church, part of which was formerly parcel of the demesnes of the manor of Minster, and was included in king James's grant to Sir Philip Carey, William Pitt, esq. and John Williams, goldsmith, as has been mentioned before in the account of that manor; they in the year 1620, joined in the sale of them to Jeffry Sandwell, gent. of Monkton, who purchased other lands of different persons in this parish, Monkton and Birchington, the whole of which he sold in 1658, to John Peters, M. D. Philip le Keuse, and Samuel Vincent, which two latter alienated their shares soon afterwards to Dr. Peters; at which time all these lands together, not only comprehended Waschester farm, but likewise part, if not the whole of another called Acol. From Dr. Peters this estate descended to Peter Peters, M. D. of Canterbury, who died in 1697, upon which the inheritance of it descended to his sole daughter and heir Elizabeth, who in 1722 carried it in marriage to Thomas Barrett, esq. of Lee, whose second wife she was; he died possessed of it in 1757, upon which it descended to their only daughter and heir Elizabeth, who entitled her husband, the Rev. William Dejovas Byrche, to the fee of it. He died in 1792, leaving an only daughter Elizabeth, married to Samuel Egerton Brydges, esq. of the Middle Temple, barrister-atlaw, but now of Denton-court, who in her right possessed it, and afterwards sold it to Mr. Ambrose Maud, who now owns it.
SHERIFFS COURT is an estate lying somewhat less than a mile westward from Waschester, in the hamlet of Hoo in this parish; it was formerly called Sheriffs Hope, from the hope, or place of anchorage for ships, which sailed in the river Wantsume, which once ran close by this place. It is said by some to have taken its name from its having been part of the possessions of Reginald de Cornhill, who was so long sheriff of this county that he lost his own name and took that of Le Sheriff, from whence this place gained the name of Sheriffs hope, or court. He was sheriff from the 4th to the 9th years of king Richard I. in the last year of that reign and during the whole reign of king John. His arms are on the stone roof of the cloysters at Canterbury, being Two lions passant, debruised of a bendlet, impaling three piles. After this name was extinct here, the family of Corbie became possessed of this estate; one of whom, Robert de Corbie, died possessed of it in the 39th year of king Edward III. whose son Robert Corbie, esq. of Boughton Malherb, leaving a sole daughter and heir Joane, she carried it in marriage to Sir Nicholas Wotton, who, anno 3 Henry V. was lord mayor of London. His descendant Sir Edward Wotton procured his lands in this county to be disgavelled by the acts both of 31 Henry VIII. and 2 and 3 Edward VI. and from him this manor descended to Thomas, lord Wotton, who dying anno 6 Charles I. without male issue, his four daughters became his coheirs, of whom Catherine the eldest carried this estate in marriage to Henry, lord Stanhope, son and heir of Philip, earl of Chesterfield, whose widow Catherine, lady Stanhope, sold it to Henry Paramor. He was the tenant and occupier of Sheriff's court, being the eldest son of John Paramor, of Preston, the grandson of Thomas Paramor, of Paramor-street, in Ash, near Sandwich. They bore for their arms, Azure, a fess embattled, counter embairled, between three etoils of six points, or. (fn. 11) . He left it to his brother Thomas Paramor, whose grandson of the same name died possessed of it in 1652, and was buried with his ancestors in this church; from his heirs this estate was alienated to Thatcher, in which name it continued, till at length it was sold by one of them, to Mr. Robert Wilkins, gent. of St. Margaret's, Rochester, who possessed it for many years. He died without issue, and it has since become the property of Mrs. Terry, the present owner of it.
TO THIS MANOR is appurtenant the small MANOR OF PEGWELL, or COURT STAIRS, in the parish of St. Laurence.
ALDELOND GRANGE, usually called Allen Grange, situated about a mile northwardfrom Minster church, on the open high land, was so called in opposition to Newland Grange, in St. Laurence parish. It was antiently part of the possessions of the abbey of St. Augustine, and was in the year 1197, assigned by Roger, the abbot of it, to the sacristy of the abbey, for the purpose of upholding and maintaining the abbey church, as well in the fabric as ornaments, but on the condition that the sacrist for the time being, should perform all such services to the court of Minster as were due, and had been accustomed to be done for the land of it. (fn. 12)
The measurement of this land, according to Thorne, amounted to sixty-two acres; and to this Grange belong all the tithes of corn and grain, within the limits of the borough of Wayborough, excepting those which are received by the vicar. On the dissolution of the abbey of St. Augustine, in the 30th year of Henry VIII. this estate, then amounting to six score acres, came, with the rest of the possessions of the monastery, into the king's hands, where it did not continue long, for he settled it in his 33d year, by his dotation charter, on his new founded dean and chapter of Canterbury, with whom the inheritance of it continues at this time.
It has been demised by the dean and chapter, on a beneficial lease, the rack rent of it being 413l. per annum, for twenty one years, to Mr. Edward Pett, of Cleve-court, the present lessee of it. Messrs. Jessard and Paramor are the under lessees and occupiers of it.
POWCIES, which stands about half a mile northeastward from Allan grange, was formerly a gentleman's mansion, a large handsome building standing on much more ground than it does at present, with a gate house at the entrance into the court before it; all which being pulled down, a modern farm-house of brick has been built on the antient scite of it.
This seat was once in the possession of the family of Goshall, of Goshall, in Ash, where Sir John Goshall resided in king Edward III.'s reign, and in his descendants it continued till about the reign of king Henry IV. when it was carried in marriage by a female heir to one of the family of St. Nicholas, owners likewise of the adjoining manor of Thorne, in whom it continued down to Roger St. Nicholas, who died in 1484, leaving a sole daughter and heir Elizabeth, who entitled her husband John Dynley, of Charlton, in Worcestershire, to the possession of it. By her he had two sons, Henry and Edward, the eldest of whom succeeded to this estate, which he afterwards alienated, about the middle of queen Elizabeth's reign, to John Roper, esq. of Linsted, afterwards knighted, and anno 14 James I. created baron of Teynham; whose great grandson Christopher, lord Teynham, in king Charles I.'s reign, conveyed it to Sir Edward Monins, bart. of Waldershare, who died possessed of it in 1663, leaving Elizabeth his widow surviving, who held it in jointure at her death in 1703; upon which it devolved to the heirs and trustees of Susan, his eldest daughter and coheir, late wife of Peregrine Bertie, deceased, second son of Montague, earl of Lindsey; and they, in the reign of king William and queen Mary, joined in the sale of it to Sir Henry Furnese, bart. of Waldershare, who died possessed of it in 1712, as did his son Sir Robert in 1733. After which it became, with his other estates, vested in his three daughters and coheirs, and on a partition of them, anno 9 George II. this estate of Powcies was wholly allotted, among others, to Anne the eldest sister, wife of John, viscount St. John, which partition was confirmed by an act passed next year; after which it descended down to their grandson George, viscount Bolingbroke, who in 1790 alienated it to Mr. Henry and John Harnett, the present possessors of it.
THORNE, or as it is vulgarly called, Thourne, is a manor in this parish, situated about a mile southward from Powcies above mentioned, being so named from the quantity of thorny bushes growing on and about it. This manor was antiently the seat of a family which took their name from it, one of them, Henry de Thorne, was owner of it in the year 1300, anno 29 Edward I. and resided here; against whom it seems complaint was made to the abbot of St. Augustine, that he caused mass to be publicly said in his private oratory, or chapel, (the remains of which are still so entire as to be made use of as a granary, &c.) at this his manor of Thorne, (apud spinam) to the prejudice of the mother church, and the ill example of others; and he accordingly was inhibited from so doing in future, by the archbishop's letters to the vicar of Minster, dated that year. And under the cross in this church, in the north wall of it, is an antient tomb or coffin of solid stone, let into the wall under an arch of antient Saxon ornaments. On the stone which covers the tomb is a cross flory, on each side of which are two blank shields, and round the edge of the stone these words in old French letters: Ici gift Edile de Thorne, que fust Dna del Espine. This seems probable to have been one of the family, owners of this manor.
After this family of Thorne were become extinct here, that of Goshall, of Goshall, in Ash, appear to have been possessors of this manor; in whom it continued till about the reign of king Henry IV. when it went by marriage by a female heir to one of the family of St. Nicholas, in whose descendants it continued down to Roger St. Nicholas, who died in 1474, and as appears by his will, was buried before the image of St. Nicholas, in the chancel of Thorne, at Minster. Roger St. Nicholas, his son and heir, left an only daughter Elizabeth, who entitled her husband John Dynley, esq. of Charlton, in Worcestershire, to the possession of it. After which it continued down in the same owners as Powcies last above-described, till it came into the possession of George, viscount Bolingbroke, who in 1790 alienated it to Mr. Henry Wooton, the present owner of it.
See a custom for the demise of tenements by will within the borough of Menstre, secundum consuetudinem manerii, anno 55 Henry III. Itin. Kanc. rot. 18, in Robinson's Gavelkind, p. 236.
Charities.
THE OCCUPIER of Salmeston Grange, in St. John's parish, is bound by his lease to distribute to six poor inhabitants of the parish of Minster, to be nominated by the minister and churchwardens, in the first week, and on the middle Monday of Lent, to each of them, nine loaves and eighteen herrings; and to three poor people of the same, to each of them, two yards of blanket; and every Monday and Friday in each week, from the Invention of the Holy Cross to the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist, to every poor person coming to Salmeston Grange, one dishfull of peas dressed.
THOMAS APPLETON, of Eastry, yeoman, by his will in 1593, gave to the relief of the poor of this parish, the sum of 5l. to be paid to the churchwardens yearly, for the use of the poor people, inhabitants there, fourteen days before Christmas day, the same to be paid out of certain lands belonging to him, called Hardiles, in the parish of Woodnesborough.
RICHARD CLERK, D. D. vicar of Minster, partly by deed in 1625, and partly by will on Nov 6, 1634, gave 120l. to be lent unto four parishioners, born in Minster, whose fathers were deceased, and they not sufficiently stocked, for the term of one, two, or three years, but not exceeding that; the interest arising from it to be divided among the poor of the parish. With this money the trustees purchased houses, which are at present divided into four tenements, besides the parish work-house, called the seoffees houses; and seven other tenements, called Cheap Row, the rent of which is annually distributed in clothing to the poor persons of the parish. They are all at present let to the churchwardens and overseers for the time being, by a lease of 99 years, from 1729, at the rent of 6l. This trust is now vested in Mr. William Fuller, of Doctors Commons, as heir of the last trustee; the trust not having been filled up since the year 1696.
JOHN CAREY, esq of Stanwell, in Middlesex, by will in 1685, gave 10l. per annum to be paid yearly to the churchwardens, out of his farm of Sevenscore; to be disposed of to the poor yearly, on St. Thomas's day.
THIS PARISH is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Westbere.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, is a very handsome structure, consisting of a nave and two side isles, a cross sept, and east chancel; the nave is of Saxon, the transept and chancel of gothic architecture; the last is curiously vaulted with stone, and provision was made for the same in the transept, but it was never completed. In it are eighteen collegiate stalis, in good preservation. At the west end of the church is a tall spire steeple, in which is a clock and five bells.
When the Danes plundered and burnt the abbey of Minster, they seem to have spared the two chapels of St. Mary, and of St. Peter and St. Paul, or however the stone work of them was preserved, and not burnt with the roof and other works of timber. The former of these was afterwards made into the present parish church, and has since been considerably enlarged.—The nave or body of the church seems to have been the old building; the pillars of which are thick and short, and the arches all circular, and a low roof was probably upon them, according to the simplicity and plainness of those times; but since the wall has been built higher, as appears by the distance there is, betwixt the top of the arches and the wall plate across; and an handsome chancel added at the east end, and a square tower on the west, with a high spire covered with lead placed on it. The chancel or choir and the middle of the cross are vaulted, and by the footings which are left, it was certainly intended that the whole cross should have been finished in the same manner. The eighteen stalls mentioned before, have very handsome wainscot behind, according to the mode of those times; in these the monks, vicars, and priests used to sit during the performance of divine service. Besides the high altar in this church, there were before the reformation other altars in it, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, St. James, and St. Anne. At these, as likewise before the Holy Cross, were lights constantly burning; for the maintenance of which, there were societies or fellowships, who contributed towards the maintenance of them, and those who died left in their last wills constantly small sums of money for that purpose. Under the middle of the cross was the rood-lost, the going up to which out of the chancel is yet to be seen, as are the mortice holes in which the timbers were put, on which the lost was built. On the north wall of it is the antient tomb of Edile de Thorne. On the pavement, as well as in the church porch, are several large flat gravestones, the inscriptions, if any on them, entirely worn away; they seem very antient, and are not improbably, memorials of some of the religious of this place, but they do not seem always to have lain where they do now. On the front of the tower of the steeple is a shield, carved in the stone work, viz. A fess, between three lion's passant. Among other memorials in this church, in the chancel, is one for Francis, son and heir to Edward Saunders, gent. of Norbourne-court, which Edward married the female heir of Francis Pendrick, esq. by his wife, who was nurse to queen Elizabeth. He died anno 1643; arms, A chevron, between three elephants heads, impaling a saltier, ermine, between three leopards faces. In the middle isle a monument for Bartholomew Sanders, gent. and Mary his wife, daughter of Henry Oxenden, esq. of Wingham; arms, Per chevron, sable and argent, three elephants heads, counterchanged, impaling Oxenden. On a mural monument are the effigies of a man and woman. kneeling at a desk, for Thomas Paramor, esq. sometime mayor of Canterbury, and Anne his first wife; arms, Azure, a fess embattled, between three stars of six points, or, impaling or, on a chevron, three stars of six points, sable, between as many dragons heads, quartered. In the north isle are several memorials for the Paramors. On a wooden frame, near the altar, a memorial for Col. James Pettit, obt. 1730. On the south side of the chancel, a mural monument for Mary, youngest daughter of Robert Knowler, gent. of Herne, wife of John Lewis, vicar of this church, obt. 1719. A memorial for John Lewis, formerly vicar of this church, obt. 1746, æt. 72. A memorial for Elizabeth Blome, daughter and coheir of John Blome, gent. of Sevenoke, obt. 1731; arms, in a lozenge, A cross fitchee, and cinquefoil, quartered with a greybound, current. A mural monument for Harry Verelst, esq. of Aston, in Yorkshire, formerly governor of Bengal, obt. 1785; he married Anne, coheir of Josiah Wordsworth, esq. of Wadworth, in Yorkshire, and of Sevenscore, in this parish, and left by her four sons and five daughters. In the south isle memorials for the Harnetts, Kennetts, and Colemans. In the middle isle are memorials for several of the Jenking's. Leland, in his Itinerary, vol. vii. p. 130 says, S. Florentius jacet in Cemiterio S. Mariæ in Thanet, cujus Tumba Crescit signis. (fn. 13)
On the top of the spire was formerly a globe, and upon that a great wooden cross, covered with lead, over which was a vane, and above that, an iron cross; but about the year 1647, the noted fanatic Richard Culmer, having got the sequestration of this vicarage, took it into his fancy that these were monuments of superstition and idolatry, and got these crosses demolished by two persons of the parish, whom he had hired, after he had himself before day, by moon light, fixed ladders for them to go up and down, from the square of the tower to the top of the spire. But if all the figures of a cross are monuments of idolatry, and to be removed, the poor caitiff has done his work but by halves, or rather not all, when he took down these from the spire and left the church standing, which is itself built in the form of a cross.
The church of Minster was antiently appendant to the manor, and as such was granted with it, first to Domneva, and afterwards became part of the possessions of the abbey founded by her here; and after the destruction of it came with the manor, by king Cnute's grant, to the abbot and convent of St. Augustine, to which it became appropriated in the year 1128, anno 29 Henry I. and was at that time assigned, with the chapels of St. John, St. Peter, and St. Laurence, with all rents, tithes, and other things, belonging to them, to the sacristy of that monastery; which regulation was confirmed by archbishop Theobald, and afterwards, in 1168, by pope Alexander, who consigned it to the reparation of the church of the monastery, which had been but just before burnt down. (fn. 14)
In the year 1176, anno 23 Henry II. the tenants of the Halimot, or manor court of Minster, agreed, that from thenceforth they would all cop their corn; and that they and their heirs, then and for ever afterwards, should pay all their tithes lawfully by cops, and all other matters of tithes, which they were accustomed to pay, as amply as they had ever paid them from the time of the dedication of the church of St. Mary of Menstre.
By an agreement entered into in 1182, between the archbishop and the abbot of St. Augustine's, this church was exempted from the payments of all dues and procurations to the archdeacon; and that year the archbishop confirmed this church to the monastery; which agreement was renewed in 1237, by archbishop Edmund; and further, that the abbot and convent should present to the archbishop, in the chapels of St. Peter, St. John, and St. Laurence, fit perpetual chaplains to the altarages in them, provided those altarages were worth ten marcs, with which the chaplains should be content, on pain of forfeiting the same; the vicar of the mother church of Menstre, having a sufficient vicarage taxed from antient time in the same, taking and receiving in right of his vicarage, the tenths of small tithes, viz. of lambs and pigs, and the obventions arising from marriages and churchings, which were forbid at the chapels, and were solemnized, &c. at the mother church only, and the burials of certain corpses, being those of the tenants or occupiers of lands in these chapelries, who were to be buried at Minster, unless the vicar gave leave to the contrary. At the same time the archbishop, with the consent of the archdeacon, confirmed this church to the abbot and convent, together with the several archiepiscopal confirmations of it, and those of the several kings of England. This part above-mentioned of the revenue of the vicarage of Minster, arising from these chapelries, has long since been lost, except that out of Salmestone Grange, amounting to 10s. a year; which, perhaps, might be a composition for the tenths of the small tithes, &c. in them. The altarages above-mentioned were the customary and voluntary offerings at the altar, for some religious office or service of the priest. To augment these, the regular and secular priests invented many things. For it is to be observed, that only a portion of these offerings, to the value of ten marcs, or 6l. 13s. 4d. was what the chaplains of these three chapels were presented to, and that they were accountable for the residue to the abbot and convent, and that if they presumed to detain any more of these offerings beyond that sum, they were to be deprived even of that. For this reason, they were to swear to the abbot and convent, to give a true account of the offerings made at their several altars, on their respective offering days, and in no shape to detriment their parish of Menstre, as to legacies or obventions, personal or predial, but to conserve all the parochial rights of the same, entire and untouched, to the utmost of their power. Then marcs appear now but a small sum for the maintenance of a parish minster; but when the value of money at the time when this composition was made is considered, it will be found to be a handsome and generous allowance to a chaplain, especially as their stipends were then paid by authority; ten marcs were then equal to more than sixty pounds now, and in a council held at Oxford but fifteen years before, it was decreed, that where the churches had a revenue as far as five marcs per annum, they should be conferred on none but such as should constantly reside in person, on the place, as being a sufficient maintenance. In 1348 H. Kinghton informs us, a chaplain's usual stipend was no more than four or five marcs, or two and his board; as for the chaplains of these three chapels, though they were to receive no more than ten marcs of these altarages, they were not excluded the enjoyment of the manses and glebes, given to these chapels when they were first consecrated, which made some addition to their income, and perhaps enabled them to keep a deacon to assist them. (fn. 15)
On the great and principal festivals, the inhabitants of these three chapelries, preceded by their priests and other officers, with their banners, tapers, &c. were used to go in procession to Minster, their mother church, there to join at the solemn mass and other divine service then performed, to make their offerings and pay their accustomed dues, in token of their subjection to their parochial or mother church.
The appropriation of the church of Minster, together with the advowson of the vicarage, continued, in manner as has been already mentioned, with the abbot and convent till the dissolution of their monastery in the 30th year of king Henry VIII. when it was surrendered, together with the rest of the possessions of the monastery, into the king's hands. After the dissolution of the monastery, there could not be said to be any parsonage or appropriation of this church, for the demesne lands of the manor of Minster, which are very extensive in this parish, were subject, as to the tithes of corn, to only a small modus or composition to the vicar, of eighteen shocks or cops of wheat, and eighteen shocks or cops of barley, or thereabouts; and the vicar was intitled, in right of his vicarage, to the corn tithes of the lands in the remaining part of the parish, as will be further noticed hereafter.
When the vicarage of this church was endowed and a vicar instituted, is no where found; but certainly it was before the year 1275; for in the act of consecration of the church or chapel-yard of St. Laurence that year, when that chapel was made parochial, mention is made of the vicar of Menstre, &c. and in the year 1384, anno 8 Richard II. this vicarage was valued at thirty marcs. After the dissolution of the abbey of St. Augustine, the advowson of this vicarage continued in the hands of the crown, till king Edward VI. in his first year, granted it, among other premises, to the archbishop, since which it has continued parcel of the pos sessions of that fee, the archbishop being the present patron of it.
This vicarage is valued in the king's books at 33l. 3s. 4d. and the yearly tenths at 3l. 6s. 8d. In 1588 here were three hundred communicants, and it was valued at 1501. It is endowed with a manse and glebe of about twenty-four acres of land, upland and marsh; all the corn tithes, and other tithes of that part of the parish called Street-borough; and of about one hundred acres in the other borough, called Weyborough, except the corn tithes of the demesnes of the manor of Minster, for which the modus or composition above-mentioned is paid.
¶The land in Minster level, which is pasture, paying but four-pence an acre for tithes, Dr. Richard Clarke, vicar here in 1597, made a composition with his parishioners, by which they obliged themselves to pay him at the vicarage house, within three days after every quarter, after the rate of twelve-pence an acre for their marsh land, or else to lose the benefit of the composition. (fn. 16) Dr. Meric Casaubon, who succeeded Dr. Clarke, would not abide by this composition, but afterwards compounded with the occupiers, at the rate of twelve-pence an acre for the worst of the land, and of fourteen pence and sixteen pence for that which is better; and in the year 1638 he demanded his tithes of the marsh land in kind, or eighteen pence per acre, which was agreed to by the parishioners, and paid by them till the year 1643; when the civil wars being begun, and this county in the power of the parliament, Dr. Casaubon, being continually threatened to be turned out of his vicarage, was content to receive one shilling per acre for the marsh land; in which manner he received it till the end of the year 1644, when this vicarage was sequestered, and one Richard Culmer was put into possession of this vicarage, (fn. 17) who to ingratiate himself with the parishioners, agreed to take no more than twelve pence an acre of them, as did Dr. Casaubon in 1660, on his being restored to this vicarage; at which rate the tithes were afterwards uniformly taken, till the time of the present vicar; the several vicars not being disposed to quarrel with their neighbours, though the land now lets for as much again as it did in Dr. Casaubon's time, viz. at 28s. an acre and upwards. There have been several litigations and issues at law tried between the present vicar, Mr. Dodsworth, and his parishioners, on account of this modus for the marsh land, all which have been decided in the vicar's favor, who set aside the modus of one shilling per acre by the verdict in his favor, and now takes from 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. for the grass land, according to its goodness; yet there are ten acres of grass land late in the possession of Josias Fuller Farrer, esq. which never having paid more than four-pence per acre, remain at that composition. The present value of it is about 350l. per annum.
For the half-marathon (21.1 km) results and photos...here are the local (Ottawa & area) participants -- sorted by cities and first name -- in the September 19, 2010, Canada Army Run held in Ottawa, Ontario.
Click here and enter the bib numbers for the full individual race results.
(5,452 runners in the 21.1 km race)
Thank-you to Sportstats.
Part A. Ottawa (bib numbers, see below; for photos, click here.)
Part B. Other Communities (Alexandria to Navan) (Click here.)
Part C. Other Communities (Nepean to Woodlawn) (Click here.)
Part A: (Ottawa photos click here.)
5993…Aaron Auyeung
812…Aaron Toner
462…Abigail Fyfe
6331…Abigail Hain
6169…Adam Lister
2897…Adam Martin
1569…Adam Phomin
2937…Adam Richardson
2295…Adam Sherk
2373…Adam Yaworski
15…Adrian Becklumb
3184…Adriana Ducic
4953…Adriana Zeleney
3225…Adwin Gallant
4118…Aideen Smith
5629…Aili Ignacy
592…Alain Dion
2979…Alain Vermette
5406…Alan Born
6058…Alan Dempsey
5753…Alan Mulawyshyn
75…Alan Tippett
3594…Alan Yeadon
4612…Alana McNamara-Uguccioni
114…Alan-John Sigouin
1675…Alastair Okroy
6377…Alastair Warwick
611…Alayne Crawford
4494…Alecks Zarama
5963…Alessandra Rosselli
2417…Alex Burnet
1106…Alex Peach
6292…Alexa Bernier Sylvestre
3296…Alexa Hutchinson
4884…Alexander Gomez
6605…Alexandra Averbeck
3892…Alexandra Brunette-D'souza
859…Alexandra Bushell
1876…Alexandra Gruca-Macaulay
2652…Alexis Lemmex
5926…Alia Waterfall
3000…Alice Adamo
892…Alison Cunningham
6322…Alison Dewar
3378…Alison McCray
5754…Alison Mulawyshyn
4569…Alison Sargent
1198…Alison Young
3227…Allan Gauci
1828…Allan White
710…Allie Wright
3500…Allison Seymour
6332…Allister Hain
509…Amanda Beaubien
851…Amanda Brown
3258…Amanda Haddad
5599…Amanda Halladay
336…Amanda Holmes
5755…Amanda Mulawyshyn
4281…Amanda Palmer
4628…Amanda Reurekas
2955…Amber Steeves
4701…Amber Tower
4946…Amin Mirzaee
797…Amir Mirzaei
530…Amy Dickson
3175…Amy Donaghey
5291…Amy Hiltz
5977…Amy Kingston
2167…Amy Plint
5824…Amy Rose
305…Amy Usher
769…Anali Stewart
1306…Andre Campeau
175…Andre Francois Giroux
5748…Andre Morency
3457…Andre Rancourt
1697…Andre St-Laurent
1711…Andrea Dupille
1708…Andrea English
4244…Andrea Hill
5715…Andrea Matthews
1192…Andrea Wenham
1561…Andree Deslauriers
1945…Andrei Stefan
6460…Andrew Burdeniuk
2296…Andrew Frank
3256…Andrew Ha
5605…Andrew Hawley
4795…Andrew Hepburn
6494…Andrew Higgerty
3320…Andrew Kelly
2027…Andrew Macdonald
4852…Andrew Mackinder
2158…Andrew Macneil
1051…Andrew Matwick
4996…Andrew Melchers
2922…Andrew Ng
5766…Andrew Norgaard
1872…Andrew Parker
4369…Andrew Patzer
2134…Andrew Plater
6416…Andrew Shiner
6412…Andrew Spurrell
1883…Andrew Van Dorsser
2648…Andy Boutet
2214…Andy Millette
1447…Andy Wilson
4431…Angela Lamb
1126…Angela Romany
5098…Angela Steele
3565…Angela Walter
2337…Angelo Fatoric
4589…Angie Lapointe
6055…Anick De Sousa
3113…Anika Clark
5382…Anita Barewal
5450…Anita Choquette
4466…Anita Portier
3980…Anka Crowe
4038…Ann Lanthier
1035…Ann Macdonald
3679…Ann McCaffrey
4196…Ann Moquin
1281…Ann Piche
5483…Anna Dabros
2102…Anna Hardy
4241…Anna Hoefnagels
6346…Anna Mattok
3659…Anna Shannette
3576…Anna Wilkinson
2840…Anna-Maria Frescura
3993…Anne Finn
1388…Anne Francis
1699…Anne Kavanagh
5024…Anne Menard
4955…Anne Overton
5130…Anne Pearce
4620…Anne Strangelove
659…Annette Brinkman
1358…Annie Plouffe
6095…Anthony Foster
5820…Anthony Robertson
5712…Antonia Marrs
536…Aprile Cadeau
10…Arif Aziz
1493…Arjun Vinodrai
4993…Arlene Doucette
2007…Arthur King
1361…Arthur Winnik
5366…Ashley Allott
5989…Ashley Atkins
740…Ashley Augstman
5209…Ashley Brennan
3265…Ashley Harrington
771…Ashley Sisco
5882…Audra Swinton
888…Audrey Corsi Caya
5087…Audrey Lajoie
6486…Audrey Lajoie
2501…Avdo Nalic
2302…Avril Patrick
4942…Aydin Mirzaee
4473…B Schmidt
858…Barbara Burkhard
1592…Barbara Campbell
3832…Barbara Hartley
1664…Barbara Koop
387…Barbara Logue
4456…Barbara Mingie
761…Barnabas Fung
227…Barry Walker
3453…Beate Pradel
4353…Beatrice Belanger
6337…Ben Howe
2377…Benjamin Butty
5203…Benjamin Kalish
2798…Ben-Zion Caspi
3105…Bernard Charlebois
5118…Bernie Car
3242…Berny Gordon
3073…Betty Bulman
2244…Betty-Jane Horton
3842…Beverley Davis
157…Beverley Wells
3970…Beverly Clarkson
3241…Bhaskar Gopalan
5959…Bill Aitken
1845…Bill Horne
2904…Bill McEachern
5354…Bing Cheung
609…Blair Bobyk
1701…Blair Johnston
2653…Bob Alexander
1959…Bob Chiasson
2155…Bob Cousineau
3841…Bob Fraser
2905…Bob McGillivray
4545…Bob Moquin
1161…Bonnie Stewart
2253…Brad Elliott
1848…Brad Fulton
1880…Brad Johnson
1674…Brad McAninch
1411…Brad Richard
5951…Brad Wood
1992…Bradley Conley
4749…Brandon Bailey
166…Brandon Malleck
209…Brandon McArthur
1999…Brandy Bursey
1071…Breanne Merklinger
6151…Breelyn Lancaster
2528…Brenda Cuggy
6178…Brenda Makowichuk
2657…Brenda Ross
4356…Brendan Hennigan
645…Brent Caverly
5738…Brent Miller
6204…Brent Neal
4702…Brent Tower
57…Brent Vandermeer
2001…Brian Chow
1288…Brian Harding
6413…Brian Kingston
6157…Brian Lawless
2615…Brian McNeill
167…Brian O'higgins
2723…Brian Ray
4634…Brian Sanford
3498…Brian Senecal
3529…Brian Storosko
4570…Brigitte Cossette
2863…Brigitte Jackstien
5064…Brigitte Joly
3275…Brittany Hinds
5199…Brittany Leblanc
1457…Brock Harrison
2732…Brooke Kelford
6397…Bruce Huff
2908…Bruce McLaurin
6198…Bruce Montgomery
4314…Bruce Muise
2671…Bruce Nichols
2947…Bruce Sheppard
3276…Bryan Hofmeister
6189…Bryon McConnell
2542…Bunny - Bob Plamondon
749…Bunny - Gary Banks
2540…Bunny - Ian Boyle
2535…Bunny - Max Reede
5258…Bunny - Rob Hughes
748…Bunny- Artur Stec
2537…Bunny- Mark Wigmore
5257…Bunny- Trish Conway
5259…Bunny-Andrew Costello
746…Bunny-Anne Hughes
2539…Bunny-James Sauve
2536…Bunny-Steph Ethier
747…Bunny-Sylvie King
3889…Bunny-Marybeth Reynolds (3:00)
2541…Bunny-Maurenia Lynds
1618…C Chung
3883…Caitlin Currie
213…Cal Mitchell
2728…Caleb Netting
4917…Calvin Mak
1847…Cameron Doyle
6513…Cameron Fairlie
928…Cameron Fraser
5194…Camil Giguere
1984…Candice Dandurand
5969…Candice Hilder
4647…Carie Horning
1291…Carl Marcotte
568…Carla Harding
4748…Carli Grady
1001…Carly Lachance
2961…Carmelle Sullivan
3559…Carmen Vierula
1795…Carol Bennett
4195…Carol Joly
3665…Carol White
4132…Caroline Tsien
4730…Carolyn Bertrand
3651…Carolyn Chalupka
4297…Carolyn Tapp
3882…Carrie Roussin
3740…Cassandra Lively
5208…Cassaundra Iwankow
3092…Catherine Caron
1884…Catherine Chubey
2677…Catherine Fletcher
5057…Catherine Macleod
3452…Catherine Pound
2982…Catherine Wallace
5047…Cathleen Difruscio
1924…Cathleen Kayser
1257…Cathlin Antonello
5592…Cathy Green
5868…Cathy St.Louis
3493…Chad Scarborough
229…Chad Wilson
5435…Chantal Campbell
1710…Chantal Fallows
3448…Chantal Pilon
1728…Chantal Vonschoenberg
5675…Chantelle Lalonde
2194…Chari Marple
3369…Charlene Mathias
4470…Charlene Ruberry
2628…Charles Pryce
5151…Charles-Antoine Dion
5761…Charlotte Newton
4174…Chelsea Macdonell
4065…Cherrie Meloche
5648…Cheryl Kardish-Levitan
1066…Cheryl McIntyre
4207…Cheryl Perry
5849…Cheryl Shore
3624…Chloe Macdonell
2307…Chris Bartholomew
3054…Chris Bowen
2714…Chris Bright
2815…Chris Dannehl
1269…Chris Hayes
4316…Chris Henry
3604…Chris Manuel
4860…Chris Middleton
5750…Chris Morris
6351…Chris Moule
1300…Chris Phelan
5142…Chris Picknell
3459…Chris Rath
1156…Chris Spiteri
4672…Chris Ward
1564…Chris Warren
4490…Chris Weicker
3589…Chris Woodcock
2341…Chris Wragg
6392…Christelle Desgranges
3098…Christian Cattan
5402…Christie Bitar
4703…Christina Aboukassim
5634…Christina Jensen
2920…Christina Mullally
5180…Christina Romanin
4330…Christine Bourbonniere
2585…Christine Conlin
3230…Christine Geraghty
5612…Christine Hodge
1049…Christine Marshall
4506…Christine Mayer
5731…Christine Meldrum
474…Christine Pham
4809…Christine Piche
5807…Christine Pratley-Moore
3460…Christine Rath
5859…Christine Smith
2284…Christine Turmaine
6406…Christopher Aranda
1670…Christopher Arksey
6439…Christopher Collmorgen
5148…Christopher Ferris
5040…Christopher Gifford
5653…Christopher Kelly
4055…Christopher Mallette
4989…Christopher Morin
5049…Christopher Stafford
2381…Christopher Yule
1739…Chuck Bordeleau
2340…Chunyu Zhang
3675…Cindy Almond
1882…Cindy De Cuypere
2336…Cindy Macdonald
539…Cindy Maraj
4656…Cindy Puddicombe
781…Cindy Qu
5821…Cindy Robinson
2479…Claire McAneney
1391…Claire Samson
1043…Clare Macrae
828…Claude Beland
3436…Claude Papineau
5415…Claudia Brown
1509…Claudia Rutherford
1182…Claudia Veas
2532…Claudine Simard
4674…Clifford Martin
5702…Clyde Maclellan
1758…Colette Kenney
3420…Colette Nault
2730…Colin Bradley
187…Colin Daniel
1605…Colin Langille
744…Colin Sinclair
4626…Colin Welburn
5398…Colleen Bigelow
6510…Colleen Crane
2161…Colleen Penttinen
5474…Constance Craig
1278…Corey Crosby
618…Corey Grant
1283…Cori Dinovitzer
2354…Corina Buettner
5384…Corri Barr
2423…Cory Bialowas
2874…Cory Kwasny
5181…Courtney Sendall
2767…Craig Blair
2603…Craig Kowalik
1977…Craig Owen
4878…Craig Roberts
5001…Craig Rosario
1981…Cristina Santostefano
1377…Crystal Beaulieu
6319…Crystal Culp
3748…Curtis McCaffrey
424…Cynthia Desnoyers
5520…Cynthia Elliott
4961…Cynthia Maceachern
4950…Dahui Xiong
1937…Dale Joynt
6020…Dan Burke
5747…Dan Moore
5204…Dan Pihlainen
4630…Dan Seekings
53…Dan Steeves
269…Dana Menard
1186…Dana Wall
2759…Daniel Barnes
3065…Daniel Brown
2106…Daniel Mallett
4801…Daniel Morgan
318…Daniel Mossman
3416…Daniel Munro
6208…Daniel Nugent-Bowman
3895…Daniel Pereira
5794…Daniel Pharand
5802…Daniel Pohl
2349…Daniel Vincent
3141…Daniele Crivello
2115…Danielle Clarkin
2850…Dara Hakimzadeh
2592…Darcie Sawilla
2960…Daria Strachan
3313…Darlene Joyce
5936…Darlene Whiting
3060…Darrell Bridge
5036…Darren Boomer
6122…Darryl Hirsch
2327…Dave Abboud
1518…Dave Allan
2289…Dave Dawson
1762…Dave Eggleton
5583…Dave Goods
980…Dave Johnston
2649…Dave Langlois
3367…Dave Marcotte
2633…Dave Morin-Pelletier
3449…Dave Poff
3506…Dave Silvester
5190…Dave Spagnolo
1801…Dave Villeneuve
49…Dave Yaeger
2228…Dave Yarwood
2749…David Aaltonen
275…David Austin
603…David Chow
2498…David Dawson
3158…David Delaney
6495…David Dunkerley
3213…David Fobert
195…David Gerrard
2848…David Gregory
3762…David Hannah
4346…David Harding
5664…David Kirk
1982…David Korpi
1018…David Lemieux
5689…David Liimatainen
2286…David Macquistan
4349…David Milligan
216…David Murray
1890…David Nash
5310…David Quick
2597…David Rain
104…David Saville
146…David Shantz
3528…David Stewart
5897…David Tischhauser
1716…David Tuck
2120…David Vessey
3992…Dawn Fallis
3408…Dawn Montgomery
3410…Dawn More
3315…Dean Justus
5758…Deanna Murray
5615…Deb Hogan
4404…Debby Duford
4460…Deborah Newhook
438…Deborah Potter
3167…Deidra Dionne
378…Delanie Fontaine
660…Delphine Moser
2406…Denis Thompson
1469…Denise Plaa
3499…Denise Senecal
1172…Denise Thibault
6277…Denise Villeneuve
3074…Dennis Bulman
1517…Dennis Smith
2688…Dennis Waite
1305…Derek Fildebrandt
5693…Derek Love
4969…Derek Schroeder
2952…Derek Spriet
1189…Derrick Ward
83…Devashish Paul
953…Diana Harrison
4736…Diana Norton
3044…Diane Boisvert
4444…Diane Mackinder
6417…Diane Pascoli
4537…Dick Gunstone
2792…Dj Butcher
2992…Djordje Zutkovic
3014…Dominique Au-Yeung
5333…Dominique Verdurmen
3007…Don Andersen
3129…Don Cooper
2534…Don Harrison
1090…Don Orr
6359…Don Plenderleith
962…Dona Hill
1113…Dona Pino
1775…Donald Taylor
5920…Donald Waldock
5221…Donna Davis
4026…Donna Justus
4056…Donna Manweiler
1076…Donna Moffatt
4208…Donna Perry
5200…Donnan McKenna
3348…Doreen Lipovski
1601…Dorothy Kessler
728…Doug Pritchard
3887…Douglas Ainslie
1956…Douglas Brunt
4958…Douglas Carles
2808…Douglas Cooper
1528…Douglas Hutchison
1878…Douglas Macaulay
1939…Douglas McGinn
6219…Douglas Petryk
1294…Douglas Thomas
6108…Drew Gragg
222…Duaine Simms
173…Duncan Shaw
5423…Dung Bui
2080…Dwaine Martin
1398…Dwayne Lemon
2206…Dwight Obst
6462…Earl Horuath
724…Ed Clouthier
5412…Eddy Bridge
3327…Edie Knight
4379…Edith Anderson
2826…Edith Duarte
5595…Edith Grienti
2461…Edmund Binggeli
3538…Edmund Thomas
6404…Edward Fox
2247…Edward Jun
4130…Eileen Tosky-McKinnon
647…Eileen Vincent
3361…Eira Macdonell
5829…Elaine Rufiange
1173…Eleanor Thomas
5207…Elen Mark
3317…Eleonora Karabatic
3218…Elisabeth Fowler
2207…Elizabeth Burges-Sims
4426…Elizabeth Jones
4069…Elizabeth Millaire
4867…Elizabeth Race
4909…Elizabeth Richards
5439…Ellen Carter
1091…Ellen O'halloran
798…Elsa Mirzaei
6496…Elysia Van Zeyl
5981…Emilia Alai
3953…Emilie Brouzes
5462…Emilie Comtois-Rousseau
4941…Emily Brunt
1538…Emily Gildner
4005…Emily Gusba
205…Emily Maclean
1046…Emily Mantha
6264…Emily Thuswaldner
5373…Emmanuelle Arnould-Lalonde
4446…Ena Malvern
37…Eric Albert
3012…Eric Arnold
58…Eric Arseneault
6011…Eric Bourlier
1380…Eric Charland
164…Eric Edora
3656…Eric Jackson
5086…Eric Sanchez
2332…Eric Singh
4306…Erica Braun
4689…Erica Dath
1512…Erika McEachran
635…Erin Enros
5131…Erin Ferraris
3825…Erin Langton
766…Erin Mutterback
5922…Erin Wall
2986…Erin White
6358…Estelle Perrault
5846…Esther Seto
6152…Eugene Lang
5426…Eva Burnett
4491…Evamarie Weicker
5718…Evan May
3677…Eve Desaulniers
5084…Eve Desmarais
5577…Evelyne Gionet
1275…Everett Rose
197…Falk Gottlob
5584…Fannie Gouault
4882…Farouk Rajan
6427…Fatin Halawah
4089…Felice Pleet
2234…Fiona Johnston
4915…France Laliberte
4548…Frances Enns
3996…Frances Furmankiewicz
677…Francesca Craig
1551…Francesca Macdonald
5736…Francine Millen
1562…Francis Bilodeau
1633…Francisco De Sousa
3189…Francois Dumaine
2930…Francois Pineau
1081…Francoise Mulligan
4484…Francoise Tobias
2442…Frank Brown
3193…Frank D'angelo
5166…Frank Gelinas
2729…Frank Maloney
2873…Franz Kropp
2299…Fred Pelletier
5682…Fuen Leal-Santiago
3097…Gabriel Castro
3025…Gabriela Balajova
5547…Gabriela Fonseca
4380…Gail Baker-Gregory
4914…Gareth Webb
178…Gary Bazdell
27…Gary Cooper
198…Gary Guymer
228…Gary Wilkes
1019…Gavin Lemoine
2896…Geb Marett
3314…Genesis Juane
3122…Geneva Collier
1348…Genevieve Pineau
3525…Gennifer Stainforth
3186…Geof Dudding
2809…Geoff Cooper
3190…Geoff Dunkley
1250…Geoff Miller
84…Geoff Riggs
1599…Geoff Roth
2491…Geoff White
1947…George Condrut
2833…George Ferrier
6436…Georgetto Demers
161…Gerald Aubry
3426…Gerald Nigra
4857…Gerry Clarke
3178…Gerry Doucette
4903…Gilles Beauchesne
3523…Gilles St-Pierre
3008…Gillian Andersen
6098…Gillian Frost
2574…Gillian Gresham
2877…Ginette Lalonde-Kontio
1689…Ginette Lavigne
3530…Ginny Strachan
2285…Gino Rinaldi
4720…Gisella Gagliardi
5449…Glen Chiasson
34…Glenn Cheney
2331…Glenn Poirier
1486…Gloria Baeza
1109…Golmain Percy
5381…Gord Baldwin
3134…Gord Coulson
2557…Gord Larose
4886…Gordon Josephson
4321…Grace Cameron
1262…Grace Harju
3567…Graeme Wardlaw
2034…Graham Acreman
6170…Graham Lister
2026…Graham Schuler
3536…Graham Thatcher
4421…Graig Halpin
799…Grant Armstrong
4977…Grant Macleod
2958…Grant Stewart
1096…Graziella Panuccio
1995…Greg Artichuk
429…Greg Brockmann
1810…Greg Carreau
3238…Greg Godsell
2366…Greg Macdougall
3906…Greg Molson
3411…Greg Morris
1587…Greg White
4876…Gregory Lemoyne
3106…Greta Chase
1152…Greta Smith
3512…Gurminder Singh
1743…Guy Boyd
684…Guy Gellatly
3234…Guy Giguere
4535…Guylaine Bernard
3666…Guylaine Gallant
47…Gyro Inman
3513…Hali Smith
5970…Harold Boudreau
2844…Harold Geller
163…Harold Walker
4238…Hazel Ullyatt
3929…Heather Baker
3041…Heather Bigelow
3282…Heather Hopkins
1355…Heather Martin
662…Heather Morse
4084…Heather Paulusse
3569…Heather Watts
1741…Heather Willett
5942…Heather Williams
925…Helen Francis
1197…Helen Yemensky
1021…Helene Lepine
4706…Helen-Marie Weeks
4796…Hieu Nguyen
3349…Hilary Little
1559…Hilary Mellor
4318…Holly Blair
5638…Holly Johnson
5962…Holly Kemp
1094…Hong Pang
1718…Howard Silver
5021…Hui Xu
6440…Iain Davidson
1552…Iain Macdonald
2765…Ian Beausoleil-Morrison
5588…Ian Graham
3261…Ian Hamilton
70…Ian Joiner
5704…Ian Macvicar
4565…Ian Malcolm
130…Ian Milne
2119…Ian Rosso
4792…Ian Shea
1414…Ian Whittal
2586…Ilona Montgomery
4849…Imran Choudhry
739…Ingrid Berljawsky
2871…Ingrid Koenig
5272…Ione Jayawardena
3169…Irene Dionne
4291…Iris Krajcarski
2899…Irv Marucelj
4269…Isabelle Periard-Boileau
1530…Ivan Stefanov
5335…Ivan Verdurmen
938…Iyad Ghazal
1703…J Darras
4772…J.F. Leduc
2865…Jack Jensen
342…Jackie Forman
5645…Jackie Kachuik
1491…Jacob Beumer
97…Jacob Smith
1643…Jacqueline Kinloch
1174…Jacqueline Thorne
3860…Jacquie Bushell
6228…Jade Puddington
3504…Jade Sillick
2254…Jag Soin
2481…Jaime Trick
2699…James Beaupre
688…James Bissonnette
244…James Bronson
3897…James Campbell
5554…James Fraser
941…James Godefroy
2103…James Harvey
6155…James Lascelle
6160…James Leacock
2326…James Malejczuk
5154…James Shepherd
5628…Jamie Hurst
6234…Jan Riopelle
3231…Jane Gibson
2368…Jane Hazel
1053…Jane Maxwell
5305…Jane Morris
5823…Jane Rooney
2046…Jane Rutherford
3520…Jane Spiteri
5927…Jane Waterfall
3130…Janet Cooper
3146…Janet Curran
3292…Janet Huffman
390…Janet Perkins
5862…Janet Sol
5250…Janet Yale
4514…Janice Morlidge
5817…Janice Richard
1277…Janus Cihlar
5090…Janusz Donat Gawlik
180…Jared Broughton
853…Jasmine Brown
5979…Jason Abramovitch
4622…Jason Ashton
2643…Jason Bussey
3222…Jason Frew
2608…Jason Gale
6158…Jason Lawton
567…Jason Lind
23…Jason Mah
1503…Jason Moodie
6362…Jason Rodriguez
5874…Jason Stewart
5723…Jay McIntosh
1119…Jay Rached
3501…Jay Shaw
3932…Jayne Barlow
1793…Jean Claude Blais
5124…Jean Denis Yelle
6149…Jean Lacroix
1431…Jean Lapointe
2263…Jean Rene Alarie
4648…Jean Wright
5273…Jean-Alexan Robillard-Cardinal
1292…Jeanna Chan
4625…Jeanne Percival
17…Jean-Philippe Pellerin
1772…Jean-Pierre Morin
5487…Jeff Daunt
957…Jeff Hausmann
5078…Jeff Koscik
1287…Jeff Macdonald
1284…Jeff Moore
1733…Jeff Shillington
1417…Jeff Smart
1190…Jeff Waterfall
2371…Jeff Wright
225…Jeffery Vanderploeg
2650…Jeffrey Dodds
2619…Jeffrey Johnston
214…Jeffrey Muller
96…Jeffrey Smith
2618…Jen Bowes
5740…Jen Milligan
2235…Jennifer Adams
3004…Jennifer Ajersch
1463…Jennifer Almond
3792…Jennifer Balao
827…Jennifer Baudin
3957…Jennifer Bucknall
3198…Jennifer Elliott
3220…Jennifer Fraser
2514…Jennifer Gardiner
1445…Jennifer Halfhide
2467…Jennifer Harris
5230…Jennifer Katsuno
2866…Jennifer Kaufman
1013…Jennifer Leblanc
3916…Jennifer McCabe
4949…Jennifer Miller
4587…Jennifer Moher
3412…Jennifer Morris
4574…Jennifer Payne
6229…Jennifer Rauscher
661…Jennifer Sarrasin
2125…Jenny Koumoutsidis
5968…Jeramy Rutley
5183…Jeremy Atherton
1851…Jeremy Mansfield
5739…Jessalynn Miller
2056…Jessica Aldred
854…Jessica Brown
6059…Jessica Dempsey
6431…Jessica Devries
4839…Jessica Devries
1008…Jessica Lanouette
5276…Jessica Pedersen
3455…Jessie Rai
3181…Jesula Drouillard
1776…Jetje Antonietti
401…Jez Fletcher
4532…Jie Qin
3003…Jill Ainsworth
5502…Jill Dickinson
931…Jill Frook
6343…Jill Kolisnek
3638…Jill Marsh
6512…Jillian Propp
1416…Jim Burgess
182…Jim Carter
87…Jim Fullarton
1724…Jim Ryan
4714…Jim Sourges
1222…Jim Turner
5924…Jim Walsh
4581…Jimmy Ha
2924…Jimmy Novak
6432…Joan Bard Miller
3700…Joan Craig
6075…Joan Duguid
511…Joan Kam Cheong
5034…Joan McManus
5563…Joann Garbig
5224…Joanna Hardwick
531…Joanna Simpson
674…Jo-Anne Beauchemin
1276…Joanne Bradley
4707…Jo-Anne Difruscio
5551…Joanne Fox
272…Jo-Anne Guimond
3397…Joanne Merrett
629…Joanne Schliebener
3494…Joanne Schmid
1434…Joanne Schofield
4606…Joanne Sim
5351…Joanne Stober
5201…Joanne Thompson
5590…Jocelyne Grandlouis
670…Jocelyne Lahaie
499…Jocelyne Riopelle
3013…Jodi Ashton
25…Jodi Wendland
3754…Jodie Hoffart
2215…Joe Lott
2369…Joe Paraskevas
55…Joe Ross
2351…Joe Tegano
5808…Joel Proulx
2222…Joel Weaver
2828…Joelle D'aoust
4266…Joelyn Ragan
2576…Johann Unterganschnigg
5633…Johanna Jennings
3943…Johanne Bertrand
737…John Balint
4816…John Bishop
2305…John Bowen
4834…John Downey
5524…John Emard
1657…John Hale
2463…John Hamilton
624…John Mahoney
5709…John Manwaring
6349…John Melanson
1089…John Oliver
1759…John Pallascio
283…John Swift
2076…John Timmermans
1594…John Trant
2985…John Welsh
3593…John-Paul Yaraskavitch
2853…Jolene Harvey
5839…Jolene Savoie
10573…Jolynn Kam Cheong
2107…Jon Neill
394…Jonah Losier
2617…Jonathan Carreiro
2801…Jonathan Charbonneau
2273…Jonathan Cox
6046…Jonathan Crozier
4328…Jonathan Hurn
5686…Jonathan Lemieux
1328…Jonathan Moore
755…Jonathan Pace
6401…Jonathan Sanchez
2018…Jonathan Taylor
169…Jonathan Woodman
2731…Joni Bradley
1087…Joni Ogawa
2892…Jordan Macdonald
6217…Jordan Payne
4711…Jordon Bickford
4578…Josee Picard
5878…Josee Surprenant
3910…Joseph Nash
1667…Joseph Smith
2817…Josette Day
4296…Josey Finley
2779…Josh Bowen
5332…Josh Lemoine
456…Joy Hackett
3259…Joy Halverson
4199…Joy Malcolm
5338…Judah Leung
5219…Judi McAlea
5271…Judith Atwood
4271…Judith Lamarche
3759…Judy Fentiman
1427…Julia Bernier
2784…Julia Brothers
3982…Julia De Ste Croix
5640…Julia Johnston
3963…Juliann Castell
4377…Juli-Ann Rowsell
6426…Julie Arseneau
5425…Julie Burke
3149…Julie Dale
920…Julie Farmer
1009…Julie Laplante
5685…Julie Lefebvre
4815…Julie Mackinnon
4971…Julie Maranger
632…Julie McGuire
1371…Julie Murdock
1133…Julie Rutberg
2432…Julien Leblanc
649…Justin Glinski
3374…Justin McAtamney
2529…Justine Ogle
4663…Justine Sider
371…Kaarina Stiff
6054…Kanina Dawson
3573…Kara Wheatley
4681…Karen Afghan
3078…Karen Burns
5464…Karen Cook
902…Karen Dillon
369…Karen Freake
2607…Karen Jardine
5184…Karen Oberthier
5252…Karen Pelletier
643…Karen Poirier
3491…Karen Sauve
155…Karen Zerr
4489…Karin Vogt
3289…Karina Tuyen Hua
5348…Karl McQuillan
5865…Karl St-Hilaire
2123…Karras Hagglund
5469…Kate Corsten
5287…Kate Duthie
503…Kate Rafter
4115…Kate Sherwood
338…Kate Steele
1166…Kate Swetnam
5908…Kate Truglia
6320…Katerina Daniel
326…Katharine McGowan
3005…Katherine Ann Aldred
1260…Katherine Halhed
1036…Katherine Macdonald
5832…Katherine Ryan
1461…Kathleen Foran
5573…Kathleen Gifford
1298…Kathleen Hart
2062…Kathleen Kealey
4635…Kathleen Raven
2559…Kathleen Seward
1170…Kathleen Talarico
5990…Kathryn Atkinson
2876…Kathryn Laflamme
1240…Kathy Fischer
4012…Kathy Heney
4043…Kathy Lewis
3383…Kathy McGilvray
5830…Kathy Rutledge
1754…Kathy Steegstra
3733…Katie Lemenchick
2473…Katie Macgregor
1858…Katie Mahoney
1696…Katie O'connell
5831…Katie Rutledge-Taylor
1920…Katrina Burgess
6205…Katrina Nelson
4696…Kaveh Rikhtegar
2923…Kazutoshi Nishizawa
6111…Keane Grimsrud
2712…Keith Hazelton
3307…Keith Johnson
2527…Keith Laughton
1082…Keith Mulligan
2412…Keith Pomakis
3492…Keith Savage
2043…Kel Doig
657…Kelley Blanchette
1580…Kelly Barnett
5391…Kelly Bell
3249…Kelly Gray
4009…Kelly Harrington
5222…Kelly Hewitt
2266…Kelly Legallais
4870…Kelly McFaul
4879…Kelly Roberts
6368…Kelly Steele
753…Kelly Whitty
6091…Ken Fong
3391…Ken McNair
5937…Ken Whiting
4070…Kendall Miller
1382…Kendra Ray
1396…Kendrah Allison
493…Kerri Chalmers
184…Kerri Cook
1607…Kerri Mullen
6411…Kevin Charles
3…Kevin De Snayer
6126…Kevin Huber
969…Kevin Hubich
4357…Kevin Kit
3394…Kevin Mercer
2927…Kevin O'brien
3497…Kevin Semeniuk
6499…Kevin Shaw
4623…Kevin Steele
5892…Kiley Thompson
830…Kim Benjamin
3806…Kim Donaldson
1405…Kim Douglas
5746…Kim Moir
4114…Kim Shelp
3353…Kimberley Low
1134…Kimberley Salisbury
1929…Kimberly Forkes
4752…Kimberly Matte
4657…Kimberly McMillan
574…Kimberly Rennie
689…Kimberly Sogge
4729…Kimberly Vo
1496…Kirk Munroe
1796…Kirsty Greig
4983…Kit E
3876…Kiza Francis
5100…Klara Lavoie
5023…Kp McNamara
6445…Kris Bulmer
2104…Krista Gifford
3358…Krista Macdonald
2050…Kristen Beausoleil
3788…Kristen Cairncross
3868…Kristen Cunningham
1617…Kristen Underwood
1792…Krister Partel
3885…Kristiana Stevens
1751…Kristin Rawley
4757…Kristine Joan Proudfoot
5851…Kristine Simpson
735…Kristy Belanger
299…Kristyn Berube
2802…Krysten Chase
1272…Kumar Saha
2747…Kurt Grabinsky
5655…Kyla Kelly
6060…Kyle Den Bak
4245…Kyle Ferguson
3401…Kyle Miersma
5724…Laco Kovac
4192…Lamar Mason
3443…Lambros Pezoulas
6340…Lara Kaplan
4649…Lara Wong
5443…Larry Chamney
880…Laura Cluney
2064…Laura Maclean
1153…Laura Smith
1185…Laura Walker-Ng
4627…Laure Kresz
935…Lauren Gamble
3926…Laurence Ahoussou
3481…Laurent Roy
526…Laurie Boulet
348…Laurie Cairns
196…Laurie Gorman
3264…Laurie Hardage
2394…Laurie Meaney-Tobin
2736…Lavoie Curtis
2989…Lawrence Wong
2763…Leah Beaudette
1665…Leah Skuce
5404…Lee Blue
520…Lee Merklinger
3285…Leigh Howe
3653…Leisha Moulton
4052…Lenore Macartney
3845…Leo Murphy
2220…Leon Sutherland
5525…Leona Emberson
586…Lesley Grignon
1757…Leslie McKay
2909…Leslie McLean
5378…Leslie-Anne Bailliu
706…Lexy Scott
4408…Lia Eichele
839…Lian Bleckmann
1005…Liliane Langevin
3735…Lillian Thibault
579…Lina Seto
3971…Linda Coleman
906…Linda Doyle
743…Linda Newton
648…Linda Scott
5587…Lindsay Grace
3749…Lindsay Grimster
1213…Linsey Hollett
1519…Lisa Allan
1610…Lisa Fischer
926…Lisa Francis
948…Lisa Grison
5601…Lisa Hans
5602…Lisa Hansen
5606…Lisa Headley
5616…Lisa Hogan
430…Lisa Hubers
5649…Lisa Kawaguchi
4549…Lisa Murphy
5202…Lisa-Jane McMahon
4877…Lise Bourgon
1507…Lise Patterson
5792…Lise Perrier
4235…Lissa Allaire
3729…Liz Bielajew
1863…Liza Rozina
3945…Lori Blais
4423…Lori Howell
1208…Lori Mockson Burcsik
284…Lori Swift
2626…Lori Timmins
111…Lori-Ann May
4451…Lorna McCrea
3660…Lorraine England
519…Lorraine Schofield
5800…Lorretta Pinder
44…Louis Lapointe
2306…Louise Hamelin
4075…Louise Morin
570…Louise Rachlis
5251…Louise Wylie
4872…Luc Joly
2378…Lucas Angeli
4717…Lucas Post
5860…Lucas Smith
3099…Lucien Cattrysse
1879…Lucille Roy
4093…Luis Ramirez
5917…Luis Villegas
4521…Lynda Bordeleau
4368…Lynda Morgan
1998…Lynda Robertson
3273…Lyndsey Hill
4905…Lynn Campbell
699…Lynn Champagne
3164…Lynn Diggins
5763…Lynn Nightingale
4110…Lynn Sewell
1162…Lynn Stewart
5923…Lynn Wallace
1571…Lynne Eisener
1006…Lyse Langevin
2040…M Guy
4354…M Henschel
4418…Madeleine Gravel
2133…Mae Johnson
3309…Magali Johnson
3578…Malcolm Williams
1408…Manas Dan
3514…Mandy Smith
3592…Maple Yap
6009…Marc Bjerring
2804…Marc Cholette
6093…Marc Fortier
2672…Marc Ostrowski
3437…Marc Patry
341…Marc Primeau
2178…Marc Rose
4847…Marc-Andre Blais
6148…Marcel Lachance
5769…Marcella Ost
5492…Marci Dearing
4440…Marg Macgillivray
893…Margaret Davidson
2321…Margaret Elliott
5003…Margaret Lerhe
1903…Margaret Meroni
3398…Margaret Michalski
1542…Margarita Gorbounova
6360…Maria Pooley
119…Marian Coke
1070…Marian McMahon
1497…Marie Cousineau
5000…Marie-Elaine Morency
4944…Marielle Lloyd
3568…Marilyn Warren
2980…Mario Villemaire
3793…Marion Brulot
3744…Marissa Turner
3948…Mark Boyle
2788…Mark Burchell
651…Mark Garland
2183…Mark Karssing
4060…Mark McGill
2324…Mark McKennirey
4335…Mark Nickerson
6410…Mark Perry
1634…Mark Seaby
4143…Mark Whiting
1770…Marketa Graham
4896…Marsha Stapleton
1556…Marta Monaghan
6347…Martha McGrath
5075…Martha Tobin
4956…Martin Cheliak
2823…Martin Dinan
3217…Martin Fournier
2513…Martin Plante
4482…Martin Sullivan
4923…Martina McGinn
5713…Martine Lalonde
2159…Marty Clement
1527…Marwan Dirani
1958…Mary Ann Tippett
5292…Mary Catherine Jack
1681…Mary Haller
6132…Mary Jarvis
1116…Mary Jean Price
5945…Mary Kate Williamson
1083…Mary Murphy
1891…Mary-Anne Doyle
3438…Mathew Pearson
5331…Mathieu Ansell
5195…Mathieu Perron
2681…Matin Fazelpour
3608…Matt Harris
2454…Matt Mulligan
2512…Matt Nicol
2928…Matt Parenteau
6455…Matt Peake
1914…Matt Woods
301…Matthew Beausoleil
5028…Matthew Bonneville
3104…Matthew Chan
5254…Matthew Gaudet
1265…Matthew Jackson
6188…Matthew McClare
2696…Matthew Parent
1105…Matthew Payne
4209…Matthew Pearce
1459…Matthew Perkins
2434…Matthew Russell
3738…Matthew Tate
5536…Maureen Feagan
3757…Maureen Kilpatrick
3488…Mauricio Salgado
1572…Max Ross
6429…Max Torque
6247…Maya Shrestha
6135…Mazen Kassis
3896…Meagan Campbell
1080…Meagan Morris
4396…Meaghan Curran
2186…Megan Cain
5012…Meghan Adams
716…Meghan Graham
4497…Meghan Joiner
2227…Meghan Verheyen
4800…Meghna Isloor
3100…Melanie Caulfield
5448…Melanie Chedore
4319…Melanie Hooper
5760…Melinda Neufeld
5600…Melissa Hammell
4616…Melissa Toupin
1194…Melissa White
6465…Michael Anstey
504…Michael Bassett
168…Michael Blois
3693…Michael Cathcart
3132…Michael Corneau
5518…Michael D'asti
1393…Michael Dawson
2181…Michael Dent
2438…Michael Eby
3836…Michael Gale
2845…Michael Gilligan
2631…Michael Hansen
6118…Michael Hay
1337…Michael Hewett
5617…Michael Hogan
4910…Michael Keleher
43…Michael Lau
6161…Michael Leahey
1313…Michael Lynch
5710…Michael Maranto
4376…Michael Maruca
4450…Michael McAuley
6408…Michael McCarthy
2912…Michael McNeill
551…Michael Nixon
1454…Michael Purcell
2000…Michael Reece
5163…Michael Roach
705…Michael Rueter
4751…Michael Skuce
5129…Michael Stomphorst
4621…Michael Strangelove
2991…Michael Yetman
3048…Michel Bouchard
1794…Michel Gagnon
1370…Michel Gallant
6425…Michel Pinault
5285…Michele Goshulak
1124…Michele Robertson
5676…Micheline Lalonde
4261…Micheline Mathon
3112…Michelle Cicalo
4617…Michelle Comeau
6463…Michelle Cowin
4256…Michelle Hart
990…Michelle Keough
267…Michelle Lacroix-Finnamore
3893…Michelle Legault
5719…Michelle McAuliffe
3490…Michelle Saunders
545…Michelle Swanson
6282…Michelle Wallace
3102…Mike Chambers
1233…Mike Corbett
3145…Mike Cummings
2830…Mike Elston
3271…Mike Henry
6472…Mike Herzog
3283…Mike Hopper
4818…Mike Jazzar
1590…Mike Johnstone
5668…Mike Kowal
1012…Mike Lavery
3373…Mike Mazerolle
2624…Mike McCluskie
2054…Mike McInerney
1108…Mike Peralta
1410…Mike Seufert
2165…Mike Todd
1838…Mike Vodden
3574…Mike White
752…Mike Whitty
2334…Mike Yates
1439…Mikhail Gorbounov
2552…Milko Rivera
4233…Millie Mirsky
4605…Miriam Harmon
19…Mitch Robinson
6342…Mitchell Kitagawa
6481…Mitchell Niles
4746…Molly Van Der Schee
3336…Mona Lamontagne
2898…Monica Martinez
1612…Monique Giroux
399…Monique Simon-Fletcher
2611…Morgan Williams
1045…M-Rosa Mangone-Laboccetta
4778…Mudita Srivastava
2279…Muneeba Adil Omar
3962…Murielle Cassidy
6251…Murray Smith
4928…Mylene Gagnon
782…Myra Gregor
3402…Nada Milosevic
5898…Nadine Tischhauser
2276…Nadir Masood
6089…Nahielly Fernandez
5368…Nancy Amos
3251…Nancy C Green
4392…Nancy Colton
3171…Nancy Dlouhy
532…Nancy Faraday-Smith
6447…Nancy Ferguson
5550…Nancy Fowler
3339…Nancy Lau
248…Nancy Macdonell
4222…Nancy Perron
4536…Naomi Atwood
3332…Nardine Kwasny
2353…Natalie Aucoin
384…Natalie Benischek
814…Natalie Clouthier
1406…Natalie Giroux
5811…Natalie Quimper
4947…Natalie Tomas
4249…Natalina L'orfano
2795…Natasha Carraro
4613…Natasha Kekre
88…Nathalie Gauthier
127…Nathan Aligizakis
5827…Nathan Rotman
2035…Neal Cody
6036…Neale Chisnall
1889…Negin Hatam
4475…Neiges Senechal
94…Neil Cachero
6379…Neil Wilson
4045…Nelson Lewis
3601…
3761…Nia Bruno-Gibson
4811…Nicholas Charney
1761…Nicholas Malboeuf
3955…Nick Brunette-D'souza
1942…Nick Jasperse
203…Nick Leswick
1505…Nick Neuheimer
5835…Nicky Saldanha
2686…Nicolas Renart
1419…Nicole Beumer
5431…Nicole Byrne
5104…Nicole Delaney
5511…Nicole Duguay
2085…Nicole Dupras
2055…Nicole Macdonald
2916…Nicole Mikhael
6461…Nicole Settimi
3760…Nikki Steele
4415…Nina Franchina
4210…Nina Marrello
4963…Nissa Hale
6484…No Name, See Sportstats
5541…No Name, See Sportstats
3862…No Name, See Sportstats
3688…Norman Yanofsky
1523…Normand Bellemare
2390…Omer Majeed
3080…Ondina Buttle
3787…Orit Fruchtman
4883…Osmani Gomez
2041…Owen Berringer
6162…Paddy Leahy
838…Pamela Biron
3219…Pamela Fralick
5988…Panchanadam Athmaraman
4618…Parastoo Badie
1308…Pascal Demers
1869…Pascal Ilboudo
5533…Pat Farley
1560…Patricia Auger
6420…Patricia Chartrand
950…Patricia Hachey
4786…Patricia Henry
4859…Patricia Lovett
5919…Patricia Wait
4756…Patrick Boyle
6013…Patrick Brean
5432…Patrick Byrne
3208…Patrick Finn
2687…Patrick Haggart
5311…Patrick Hill
9…Patrick Kirby
206…Patrick Marion
5744…Patrick Miron
6222…Patrick Pickering
2137…Patrick Sabourin
5561…Patti Gamble
285…Paul Alexander
5089…Paul Allen
5136…Paul Brennan
2571…Paul Buck
5270…Paul Cachia
4375…Paul Cameron
1529…Paul Coyle
1485…Paul Crabtree
3151…Paul Dalgleish
3160…Paul Denys
5288…Paul Dickson
100…Paul Foley
2882…Paul Lawless
1042…Paul Macneil
4447…Paul Malvern
2902…Paul Masson
133…Paul McAneney
5132…Paul McKeague
1365…Paul Robinson
4103…Paul Rosenberg
2957…Paul Steeves
2965…Paul Tessier
6274…Paul Verbrugge
5006…Paul Von Schoenberg
2058…Paula Burchat
5571…Paula Gherasim
6334…Paula Hall
1112…Paula Piilonen
1307…Paule Couet
3702…Paulette Schatz
2760…Peter Bayne
1896…Peter Cho-Wing
6078…Peter Dyer
2847…Peter Green
2852…Peter Hammond
1874…Peter Harrison
6139…Peter Kielstra
6156…Peter Laughton
2890…Peter Linkletter
1779…Peter Locke
2901…Peter Mason
5732…Peter Meneguzzi
2919…Peter Morel
4866…Peter Race
1972…Peter Way
2240…Peter Wismer
1626…Phat Nguyen
5196…Phay Mui
2308…Phil King
5343…Philip Cartwright
6029…Philip Chambers
807…Phillip Drouillard
3197…Phillip Edwards
1709…Phuc Duong
4571…Pierre C Tessier
4966…Pierre Michaud
6159…Pierrick Le Monnier
3753…Pradiv Sooriyadevan
2946…Prichya Sethchindapong
215…Quinn Murphy
3699…Quinn Russell
4873…Rachel Fahlman
3343…Rachelle Leblanc
3417…Rajkumar Nagarajan
2999…Ramy Abaskharoun
1628…Randy Bentham
836…Randy Biberdorf
14…Randy Fontaine
5721…Randy McElligott
6473…Randy Reilly
5854…Ratnesh Singh
3051…Raymond Boucher
4594…Raymond Lamarre
1007…Raymonde Langevin
3177…Rebecca Dorval
2382…Rebecca Fleming
3533…Rebekah Swatton
1050…Regan Mathurin
2398…Reginald Theriault
2778…Remi Bourlon
6293…Remy Boyer
1044…Renata Manchak
4496…Rene Danis
2182…Rene Gilbert
4252…Rene Yaraskavitch
4718…Renee Gobeil
4036…Renee Lamoureux
3549…Renee Maria Tremblay
3053…Rene-Louis Bourgeau
2900…Reza Mashkoori
5369…Rhiannon Andersen
226…Rhiannon Vogl
4997…Rhona Macinnis
6052…Ric Davey
1865…Ricahrd Leblanc
2894…Rich Manery
66…Richard Beare
4212…Richard Bolduc
2776…Richard Bourassa
868…Richard Cheng
30…Richard Durant
2994…Richard Gilbert
4008…Richard Hanson
4046…Richard Lewis
2204…Richard Schmidt
2954…Richard Starcevic
6369…Richard Tanguay
3563…Richard Wall
51…Rick Collard
3172…Rick Dobson
3756…Rick Leblanc
1092…Rick O'shaughnessy
4759…Riley Hennessey
3783…Rima M. Zabian
5239…Rob Blackler
1247…Rob Brooks
2813…Rob Criger
5643…Rob Joseph
5169…Rob Linke
2030…Rob Pitcher
115…Rob Thomas
431…Robert Adolfson
4164…Robert Balma
4595…Robert Bolduc
3066…Robert Brown
5452…Robert Christie
6039…Robert Coleman
1221…Robert Dupuis
2623…Robert Gallaher
6502…Robert Gibb
2524…Robert Kalbfleisch
143…Robert Knights
2884…Robert Lee
1062…Robert McGrath
3415…Robert Moulie
1799…Robert Reid
1465…Robert Schwartz
4112…Robert Shaw
2701…Robert Smith
2660…Roberto Renon
1473…Robin Cote
2358…Robin Lavigne
1144…Robin Sheedy
4247…Rockey Whitmore
4264…Rodney Bickford
4735…Roger Hunter
2879…Roger Langevin
3434…Roger Pankhurst
12…Roger Wyllie
232…Roger Zemek
3605…Romano Panopio
2316…Ron Folk
5632…Ron Jande
4068…Ron Mierau
142…Ron Schwartz
5437…Ronald Carnahan
1204…Rory Gibbons
2208…Rory Martin
4180…Rose Marie Jackson
5782…Rose Parent
1557…Rosina Mauro
4602…Ross Morrell
4683…Ross Osborne
4360…Roxanne Harper
4092…Rue Quizon
2416…Russell McDonnell
4992…Ruth Gmehlin
4393…Ruthanne Corley
6104…Ryan Gilchrist
3236…Ryan Gillies
5659…Ryan Kidman
1464…Ryan McEachran
2654…Ryan Smith
2162…Ryan Walker
1462…Sabrina Mehes
5095…Sabrina Quraeshi
2502…Safeta Nalic
1659…Samanta Jacques-Arsenault
4972…Samantha De Benedet
973…Samantha Hunter
6301…Samira Afrand
358…Samuel Galante
2020…Sander Post
634…Sandi Wright
3057…Sandra Boyko
873…Sandra Chong
4709…Sandra Macleod
3409…Sandra Moorman
3717…Sandra Nevill
62…Sandy Dale
4978…Sandy Macleod
3701…Sandy Whittaker
898…Sanja Denic
2640…Sara Krenosky
4771…Sara Leblond
3551…Sara Tubman
1460…Sarah Abrahams
3801…Sarah Carkner
518…Sarah Dolan
905…Sarah Dooley
4783…Sarah Murdoch
2196…Sarah Payne
508…Sarah Powers
4805…Sarah Rietschlin
5844…Sarah Scott
6488…Sarah Smith
6418…Sarah Spencer
1387…Sarah Taylor
5972…Sarah Wiles
6297…Saskia Meuffels
1372…Satvinder Bawa
2762…Scott Beauchamp
1540…Scott Bowen
5460…Scott Colvin
5508…Scott Doran
6077…Scott Duxbury
6474…Scott Ellis
3206…Scott Felman
5317…Scott Guenther
1468…Scott Rowland
6241…Scott Rudan
3547…Scott Townley
1063…Sean McGrath
4968…Sean Moore
5773…Sean O'Brien
2472…Sean O'Brien
1679…Sean O'Reilly
3847…Sean Spence
2301…Sebastian Citro
2963…Sebastien Taillefer
872…Sera Chiuchiarelli
2655…Sereena Trottier
3467…Serge Richard
6258…Serge Sylvestre
2680…Shane Leston
3639…Shannon Bush
5076…Shannon Fitzpatrick
316…Shannon Malcolm
4721…Shannon Olson
4469…Shannon Renaud
2281…Shannon Weatherhead
3240…Shari Goodfellow
3427…Shari Nurse
3967…Sharon Chomyn
2997…Sharon Johnston
5507…Shaun Dolter
4869…Shauna Devlin
5589…Shauna Graham
2679…Shawn Bardell
2569…Shawn Murphy
4459…Shawn Murray
5834…Shawn Rycroft
3846…Shawntel Burt
1853…Shehryar Sarwar
3031…Sheila Barth
4553…Sheila Currie
5091…Sheila Forward-Davis
4062…Sheila McIsaac
6353…Sheila Osborne-Brown
265…Sheila Reid
4298…Sheila Robertson
5177…Shelley Brown
3103…Shelley Chambers
4819…Shelley McDonald
4713…Shelley Sourges
4954…Shena Riff
4022…Shereen Ismael
2264…Sheri McCready
4925…Sherri Wilson
679…Sherry Strowbridge
2170…Sheryl Urie
1011…She-Yang Lau-Chapdelaine
3909…Shirley Trottier
3685…Shirley Ward
4719…Sian Williams
4181…Silvana Di Gaetano
1312…Silvia Zanon
6391…Simon Good
4887…Simon Hart
5107…Simon Keneford
1128…Simon Roussin
1310…Siobhan Jones
4643…Solita Pacheco
3360…Sondra Macdonald
4417…Sonia Granzer
4853…Sophie Amberg
5153…Sophie Breton
3248…Sophie Gravel
4072…Soraya Moghadam
1749…Sotero Ramirez
1420…Stacey Beumer
3951…Stacey Brennan
128…Stacey Lance
6283…Staci Walsh
2460…Stacie Carey
279…Stacy Kauk
1818…Stan Druskis
2689…Steeve Pratte
6356…Stefania Parnanzone
183…Stephane Castonguay
850…Stephanie Brodeur
726…Stephanie Dowling
5567…Stephanie Gauthier
2716…Stephanie Gordon
501…Stephanie Howard-Davies
3299…Stephanie Jack
2132…Stephanie Johnson
809…Stephanie Kinsella
1970…Stephanie Semeniuk
4744…Stephanie Vanderpool
6279…Stephanie Vivier
105…Stephen Anderson
6008…Stephen Bignucolo
1624…Stephen Bisson
2205…Stephen Jacobsen
5677…Stephen Laplante
2197…Stephen Lee
1520…Stephen Richards
3590…Stephen Woroszczuk
5376…Steve Astels
2282…Steve Duncan
6466…Steve Findlay
2837…Steve Forrest
109…Steve McCready
136…Steve Ross
729…Steven Dell
2217…Steven Graham
2554…Steven Guillemette
4938…Steven Hawken
3554…Steven Turner
20…Stuart Jolliffe
5680…Stuart Laubstein
2169…Stuart Ludwig
2531…Stuart Pursey
2074…Sue Haywood
4601…Sue Macpherson
6243…Suresh Sangarapillai
2193…Susan Atkinson
5377…Susan Atkinson
192…Susan Durrell
3205…Susan Farrell
4211…Susan Field
982…Susan Johnston
1002…Susan Lacosta
4994…Susan Lentini
3837…Susan Madden
5707…Susan Mak Chin
5818…Susan Richards
1444…Susan Thorne
5966…Susan Trimble
4248…Susan Whitmore
4449…Susie Mattson
3937…Suzanne Belzile
6116…Suzanne Harrison
4113…Suzanne Shaw
2859…Sylvain Huard
6182…Sylvain Marquis
3911…Sylvia Duffy
3680…Sylvia Manning
3800…Sylvie Chartrand
4820…Sylvie Gauthier
4304…Sylvie Lee
420…Sylvie Secours
2594…Sylvie Swim
6375…T Van Veen
3535…Takuya Tazawa
396…Tamara Marshall
3676…Tamara Sorley
3154…Tammey Degrandpre
3994…Tammy Frye
4728…Tan Vo
5092…Tania Willliams
3995…Tanya Frye
5393…Tara Benjamin
1207…Tara Lawrence
4542…Tara Tucker
3316…Tarjinder Kainth
2582…Taunia Curtis
1720…Taylor Bildstein
593…Ted Damen
6511…Ted Radstake
313…Teri Adamthwaite
6403…Terrence McDonald
3045…Terri Bolster
1015…Terri-Lee Lefebvre
5187…Terry Archer
5530…Terry Evans
1909…Terry Kruyk
3407…Terry Monger
5756…Terry Muldoon
1115…Terry Porter
349…Terry Vipond
6248…Terry-Lynn Sigouin
2383…Theresa Grant
2087…Thomas Benak
2675…Thomas Leung
4734…Thomas Norris
3475…Thomas Robinson
3486…Thomas Ryan
2209…Thomas Timlin
5905…Tiffanie Tri
3277…Tiffany Holland
4673…Tiffany Mullen
5997…Tim Barber
1737…Tim Hobbs
2862…Tim Irwin
3503…Tim Shreve
3344…Timon Ledain
607…Timothy Trant
6061…Tina Dennis
919…Tina Fallis
959…Tina Head
2298…Tj Sullivan
4822…Toby Fyfe
3668…Todd Coopee
1756…Todd Hicks
1641…Todd Saunders
2589…Todd Somerville
3052…Tom Boudreau
6096…Tom Fowler
5077…Tom Papai
1875…Tom Volk
1095…Tong Pang
3342…Tonja Leach
2257…Tony Redican
6268…Tony Tran
6330…Torri Gunn
323…Tracey Aker
1131…Tracie Royal
5467…Tracy Corneau
680…Tracy Gagnon
2435…Tracy Parker
4727…Tram Vo
6285…Travis Webb
344…Treena Grevatt
290…Trevor Beaudoin
6333…Trevor Hains
3310…Trevor Johnson
1206…Trey Hausmann
2786…Tricia Brown
5392…Trina Bender
4687…Trish Van Bolderen
1600…Tristyn Head
2042…Troy White
6421…Tudor Hera
901…Tyler Dickerson
400…Upendra Moholkar
2153…Vada Cavanagh
3333…Val Lafranchise
694…Valerie Kowal
5038…Valerie Lemieux
1623…Valerie Simon
3062…Vanessa Brochet
3956…Vanessa Buchanan
4901…Vanessa Evans
4066…Vanessa Mendoza
4255…Veleda Turner
3575…Vernon White
2202…Veronic Bezaire
391…Veronica S. Gerson
3043…Veronique Boily
309…Vi Ha
824…Vic Baker
5205…Vicki Plant
6145…Victor Krawczuk
321…Victoria Lemon
4731…Viet Nguyen
3958…Viola Caissy
2269…Wade Oldford
3519…Wade Smith
5780…Walter Pamic
3588…Walter Wood
5944…Wayne Williams
1407…Wendall Hughes
5139…Wendy Gutzman
4048…Wendy Low
4881…Wendy Page
552…Wendy Taylor
6280…Wendy Wagner
3789…Wilfred Gilchrist
3507…Will Simmering
3531…Will Summers
3596…Will Youngson
871…William Chisholm
5749…William Morley
4733…Wilma Berti
5537…Winter Fedyk
2548…Yan Xu
4146…Yan Zawisza
6352…Yoga Naraine
4116…Yolande Simoneau
6094…Yves Fortin
714…Yvon Carriere
211…Zach McKeown
5339…Zachary Leung
Ian's on the road again, wearing different shoes again.
Or something.
Yes, have audit will travel is taking me back to the north west and head office (UK) in Warrington.
I wasn't keen to go, as I would be one of those being audited, rather than being the auditor.
So it goes.
Up even earlier than usual, Jools went swimming first thing, while I woke up and packed.
It was to be a bright if cold day, and the promise of actual snow once I reached Manchester, so that was something to look forward to. No?
Jools dropped me off on the prom so I could have a walk, take some snaps before picking up the car.
It was cold.
Not Canada cold, clearly.
Minus three. And too cold to linger to watch the actual sunrise, so made do with snapping the reflected light of the hotels and a ferry coming into the harbour. I walked over Townwall Street, now cold to the bone, hoping the car hire place would be open on time.
It wasn't, but a couple of minutes later, a guy came to open up and let me inside where it was slightly warmer.
My old ruse of getting an automatic thus getting a larger car was ruined this time was I was given a Toyota Yaris. It struggled to get up Jubilee Way without the engine screaming. You'd better behave yourself for the next three days I told it.
Back home for breakfast, load the car and say goodbye to the cats. One last look, and I was off. The car had no sat nav, so had to use the phone.
Before going to the hotel, I was going to visit a former colleague who lives in Warrington, or nearly St Helens as I found out later, so programmed her address in, and off I went, along our street and towards the A2 and the long slog up to Dartford.
I connected my phone to charge, and straight away tunes from my Apple music store started playing. So, apart from the free U2 album it forced on all users, the rest was good if a little Skids and Velvet Underground heavy.
The miles were eaten up, even if I had to turn the music way up to drown the sound of the screaming engine.
Like all trips, I had something extra to sweeten the time away, and in this case it was a church. But not just any church, as you will see.
I watched a short documentary on Monday about Mary Queen of Scots, and remembered that she had been imprisoned and executed at Fotheringhay Castle in what is now Northamptonshire, and if I went over the Dartford Crossing, up the M11 to Cambridge, then were the A14 crossed the Great North Road, ten miles north was Fotheringhay.
So, I pressed on, under the river and into Essex, then along to the bottom of the M11, and north past Stanstead to Cambridge. Traffic wasn't bad, so I made good time, my phone telling me I would reach Fotheringhay at midday.
Turning off the A1, down narrow lanes, then the view to the church opens up, in what is possibly one of the finest vistas in all of England. St Mary and All Saints, 15th century and in its Perpendicular finest, it looks too good to be that old, but is.
Not only is the church mostly as it was, if plain inside, this was the parish church of the House of York, of several Kings including the final, Richard III.
This is real history.
I crossed over the narrow hump-back bridge that spanned the fast flowing, and nearly flooding, River Neane, into the village and parked outside the church. A set of grand gates lead off the main road to the northern porch, lined with fine trees, naked it being winter.
The tower seems over-large for the Nave and Chancel, it stands 116 feet tall, and is a chonker, the rest of the church seems small beside it, but the interior of the church is a large space, high to its vaulted roof.
I take shots, not as many as perhaps I should, but the church doesn't have centuries of memorials, but does have two House of York tombs, or mausoleums.
I had some time, so I thought I would visit any interesting church I might see before getting back on the A14.
That was the plan.
The road took me round Oundle, which had at least two interesting looking churches, but them being what you might call "urban", I passed both and carried on over the rolling hills of Northamptonshire, much hillier than you might have thought.
Just before the A14, I see a large tower, and a lane lead to the village of Titchmarsh.
Titchmarsh is the name of a very famous TV gardener over here in Britain, not sure if this is where he hails from.
The village itself is set along a long high street, lined with half-timbered houses, most thatched, which was very picturesque.
I parked up, screams from the primary school, out for lunch, filled the air. But I had eyes on the church.
Oddly, on the north side, the churchyard is marked by a haha, or half of one.
A ha?
Certainly not a ditch, but there was a grille in the wall to allow water to get out.
Access to the church was over a small bridge, the grand porch in front.
The door opened easily, and I saw first, lots of wall paintings. Not old, perhaps Victorian.
I set to work taking shots, using the compact to snap close ups of the windows.
In truth, not much of great interest, and I was aware from the radio there being talk of snow.
Better get going and head north.
Back outside, my phone tells me I should be in Warrington by four, my friend, Teresa, wouldn't be home until half past, so I could have another break on the way.
The sat nav took me back to the A14, and from there it is just a 60 mile drive to the bottom of the M6 and then the hike two hours north.
At least it was a sunny day, though clouds were building, and was it my imagination, or did it look like snow falling already?
No, it was snow. big, fat, wet flakes at first, not much to worry about, but I pressed on past Coventry to the toll road, I sopped for half an hour there, enough time to have a drink and some crisps, then back outside where darkness was falling, as well as more snow.
The M6 might have had its upgrade complete, but a trip on it is rarely without delays. And for me, an hour delayed just before Warrington due to a crash, so we inched along in near darkness.
Teresa lived the other side of Warrington, so I had to press on further north, then along other main roads, round a bonkers roundabout before entering the town. Roads were lined with two up/two downs, doors leading straight onto the pavement. Cozy and northern.
They have two dog-mountains, I'm not sure of the breed, but think of something like a St Bernard and go bigger. They had just been for a walk, were damp and happy to be inside, laying on the kitchen floor. Taking up all the kitchen floor.
We talked for an hour, then I received a call from a guy I was supposed to be meeting up with: heavy snow was falling, I should get there sooner than later. So, I said my goodbyes and programmed the route to the hotel. Sorry, resort. Golf resort.
16 miles.
Snow was falling heavy, not too bad on main roads back to the motorway, though traffic on that was only going 40, it was fast enough. But the final six miles was long a main road, but it was covered in snow, with more falling.
The the fuel warning light went on.
Ignore that, I just wanted to get to the hotel safe and have dinner. Not end up in a hedge.
The final mile was very scary, snow only an inch deep, but slippery. There was a gatehouse marking the entrance to the golf club, I turned in and parked in the first space I came to.
Phew.
I checked in, and the place is huge, swish, but full of golfers.
But it does a sideline in conferences, training centre and a hotel. It was full.
I checked in, walked to the room, which is huge, and very comfortable, dropped my bags and went to the bar for dinner of beer and burgers. The place was almost empty, I watched cricket live from South Africa while I ate and drank.
Would I be tempted by the cheeseboard?
I would, dear reader, I would.
To my room to watch the football and relax while snow fell outside.
--------------------------------------------------
Another bike ride into the wilds and wolds of Northamptonshire. I set off from Huntingdon railway station, and after a sixteen mile slog into the wind I crossed the county boundary at Clopton, a church I visited three weeks ago. Now, the real bike ride could now begin. Resisting a revisit to the church, I turned off on a very lonely, narrow lane through the woodlands. The Cambs/Northants borderlands are often like this, remote and lonely, wooded and rolling, devoid of houses outside the villages and with only the rare car, horse or other cyclist. It reminds me of parts of France.
After a couple of miles I came to Titchmarsh, and its splendid church, a big church in a pretty stone village. The tower is enormous ('The finest church tower in England outside of Somerset' - FJ Allen) and there is no spire. The churchyard is surrounded by a haha, with a little bridge across the moat. The church was being prepared for a rock concert, with a stage built up under the tower and tables and chairs in the nave. Not a huge amount to see in any case, although I liked the memorial to a servant who saved his master's life by getting in the way of an assassin's knife, only to later drown in the Nene. As you'd expect in this part of the world, good stone capitals in the arcades, with stiffleaves you could cut yourself on as well as dripping fruit.
And then it was on past the IKEA warehouse ('the largest building in the British Isles') into the town of Thrapston.
Simon Knott, July 2017.
www.flickr.com/photos/norfolkodyssey/35483761652/in/photo...
----------------------------------------------------
The Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, standing in a prominent position on the higher ground to the North of the village, has been the centre of the Christian community in Titchmarsh for some 800 years.
The name of Tichmarsh (or the modern version Titchmarsh) seems to date from Anglo-Saxon times when a piece of land was granted to one Ticcea and became known as Ticcea’s marsh (Ticceanmersce, Tychemerche, etc).
The earliest records of the church date from 1240. It was from Tichmarsh that Viscount Lovell left his manor to fight with Richard III at Bosworth. Before that he had employed his Somerset mason to build what Pevsner described as “the noblest village tower outside Somerset”, on top of which in 1588 an Armada beacon was lit.
The church is remarkable for its magnificent tower, its long and lofty clerestory, its spacious chancel, and for its light and uncluttered interior. It also houses a collection of unique and interesting wall monuments, fine stained glass windows and a recently restored 1870 TC Lewis organ. (see separate links)
The building that you see today is not the first church to have existed on this site. The remains of a 12th century doorway in the chancel is the only relic of the Norman building, and the subsequent centuries have each made their distinctive architectural contribution. The building assumed its present appearance when, late in the 15th century, the tower, clerestory and porch were added, and the present perpendicular style windows were inserted. In the late 17th and early 18th century the Pickering family contributed a number of important memorials, including one to John Dryden the poet- laureate, who spent his childhood in Titchmarsh. In the 19th century a number of the windows had stained glass inserted, a vestry was added in the northwest corner, and much of the internal woodwork was replaced (including the pews, recently adapted to provide more mobile seating).
The focus of the church, both architecturally and spiritually, is the Altar. This is God’s table, at which the faithful share in the power of Christ’s Risen Life, by feeding on the Sacrament of his Body and Blood under the forms of bread and wine. The reredos of Caen stone and Derby alabaster (1866) depicts the Old Testament scenes of Melchizedek’s offering of bread and wine, and Abraham’s offering of his only son Isaac, illustrating different aspects of the eucharistic theme.
The semi-circular Norman arch to the south side is a visible reminder that Christian worship has been offered on this site for at least some eight centuries.
The two-level sedilia and the piscine are of the 13th century, as is also the arcading which opens into the north chapel (now occupied by the organ). The opening known as a hagioscope or squint, gave additional visual access from the north chapel to the High Altar. The low, pointed 13th century doorway to the north of the Altar probably led to a tomb or chantry adjoining the Chancel on the north side. Much of this work can be attributed to the patronage of the Lovel family, who were Lords of the Manor from about 1268 until 1485.
Piercing the north-west corner of the Chancel wall are the remains of the stairway which originally led to the Rood-loft.
Dimly discernible in the apex of the Chancel arch is a crowned head. Experts suggest that it most closely resembles Edward IV who died in 1483 when Francis 1st (and only) Viscount Lovel was Lord of the Manor. The last years of the reign of Edward IV covered a peaceful period, favourable to the rebuilding of a church. In 1486 Henry VII granted the Manor of Tichmarsh to Sir Charles Somerset when Francis Lord Lovel who had supported Richard III was deprived of his estates at the end of the War of the Roses. This is the Lovell, who as Richard III’s Chamberlain and friend, was lampooned in the contemporary rhyme:
‘The Cat, the Rat, and Lovell our dog
Rule all England under the Hog’.
The walls and windows of the chancel were much embellished in Victorian times. The stained glass in the chancel windows is all by Messrs. Hardman of Birmingham. The east window depicts Christ’s Nativity, Baptism, Crucifixion and Ascension, and several episodes from the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, to whom the church is dedicated. The windows on the south side of the chancel depict various incidents from the New Testament, giving particular prominence to St Mary Magdalene and St Peter.
The reredos of Caen stone and Derby alabaster were completed.
The organ, a good example of the work of TC Lewis was installed and first used in 1870. (fully restored in 2016). We learn from the Parish Magazine that prior to the installation of the instrument, music for Devine service had been supplied by a barrel organ, the introduction of which in 1837 replaced the services of the eight singers who had occupied a musicians gallery under the tower, and sang very loud. Singing was also led by string and woodwind instruments until 1861.
According to the parish magazines, the paintings on the chancel walls were by Miss Agnes Saunders, who was sister-in-law to the Rev. F M Stopford, (rector 1861-1912). The fine limed oak chancel screen was the gift of Canon A M Luckock, (rector 1912-1962).
The North Chapel and Transept
This was largely rebuilt in the 14th century, and now houses many mural memorials to the Pickering family
Gilbert Pickering bought the manor of Tichmarsh from Charles Somerset’s grandson in 1553, and for more than two hundred years it remained in the possession of his descendants. When the direct line came to an end, the estates were acquired in 1778 by Thomas Powys, later the first Lord Lilford.
John Pickering married Susannah Dryden of Canons Ashby in 1609, and twenty-one years later, Susannah’s brother Erasmus married John’s cousin Mary Pickering. Of these unions were born two men well known in the highest circles of their day, the notorious Sir Gilbert Pickering (1613-1668) and the famous John Dryden the poet (1631-1700).
Sir Gilbert was a convinced Parliamentarian, and became Lord Chamberlain to Oliver Cromwell. John Dryden’s upbringing in Tichmarsh is mentioned in one of the memorials. This and another were painted by Sir Gilbert’s daughter, Elizabeth, who became the wife of John Creed.
A woman of talent with needle, pen and brush, Elizabeth Creed was responsible also for the wording of the altar tomb and wall angle memorials of the south aisle as well as the Dryden monument which has been moved to the north transept.
The South Aisle
Here we find Mrs Creed lamenting the death of her husband, a boon companion of Samuel Pepys, of their son Christ’s family. By ancient custom the Font stands near the main (west) door of the physical building, as a reminder that it is through Baptism that we enter Christ’s Church.
The West Window
The tracery of the tower window is 15th century, (extensively restored in 2016). In 1904 the west window was filled with stained glass, the gift of Rev’d F M Stopford to mark his 50th year in Holy Orders. It is a powerful representation of Christ’s Second Coming and the Day of Judgement, and approximately balances the episodes of Christ’s first Advent depicted in the east window. The same firm of artists, Messrs Hardman of Birmingham, was employed for the work, and it is interesting to notice how the passage of some forty years makes a considerable difference in style and taste between the tower window and their earlier work.
The Bells
The tower houses a fine ring of eight bells. All were recast and re-hung in 1913 as a memorial to Rev’d F M Stopford who died in office in 1912 having been rector for 51 years, and a chaplain to Queen Victoria, Edward VII and George V. Before recasting, the oldest bells dated from 1688, with additions in 1708 and 1781. The ring was completed in1885 by the gift of two bells in memory of Florence Augusta Stopford, the rector’s first wife. At the same time the present church clock, which strikes the hours and quarters, replaced the previous one made by George Eayre in 1745.
At the base of the tower are some interesting photographs of the re-hanging of the bells.
The South Porch
The original porch was a single storey structure, with window openings to east and west. The upper storey was added in1583 and housed the Pickering family pew, complete with fire place! After the death of the last Tichmarsh Pickerings the wall opening was blocked up. It was reopened in 1931, when Canon Luckock (rector 1912-1962) and his wife put in the present glass panel and hung the massive oak south door as a thanksgiving for their silver wedding. The seating around the walls of the porch is a reminder of its earlier function as a place of meeting.
The Exterior
The large and splendid tower is built in four stages, richly decorated with triple bands of quatrefoils in circles on the ground storey and similar bands on the second and third stages. The niches on the west face contain modern stone figures representing Moses and Aaron, the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Peter, and the archangels Michael and Gabriel. The parish magazine for 1901 records that the rector’s wife paid for the replacements by breeding and selling black fantail pigeons.
The ‘crown’, ie. parapet and pinnacles above the fourth stage is considered by experts to date from about 1500. The will of one Thomas Gryndall, dated 1474, bequeaths money towards the building of the tower, probably completed except for the ‘crown’ in about 1480.
The prominence and size of the tower made it a significant landmark. In 1585 when the country prepared to resist the threatened invasion from Spain, the Lord Lieutenant, Sir Christopher Hatton of Kirby Hall, gave order for Beacons to be made in places accustomed and that ‘Tychemershe Beacon’ be sett upon Tychemershe church steeple
On the south wall of the tower is a painted sundial, dated 1798, and below it a disused clock face made in 1745. There are three scratch dials on the south side of the church – on the porch and on two of the buttresses.
The churchyard, which contains many good examples of local stonemasons’ work of the 18th and 19th centuries, is remarkable and perhaps unique in being bounded almost entirely by a ha-ha.
Acknowlegements: The Victoria County History of Northamptonshire; Northamptonshire by Niklaus Pevsner; and to various numbers of the Titchmarsh Parish Magazine; Titchmarsh Past and Present by Helen Belgion, published 1979
titchmarsh.info/church-of-st-mary-the-virgin/church-history/
Ian's on the road again, wearing different shoes again.
Or something.
Yes, have audit will travel is taking me back to the north west and head office (UK) in Warrington.
I wasn't keen to go, as I would be one of those being audited, rather than being the auditor.
So it goes.
Up even earlier than usual, Jools went swimming first thing, while I woke up and packed.
It was to be a bright if cold day, and the promise of actual snow once I reached Manchester, so that was something to look forward to. No?
Jools dropped me off on the prom so I could have a walk, take some snaps before picking up the car.
It was cold.
Not Canada cold, clearly.
Minus three. And too cold to linger to watch the actual sunrise, so made do with snapping the reflected light of the hotels and a ferry coming into the harbour. I walked over Townwall Street, now cold to the bone, hoping the car hire place would be open on time.
It wasn't, but a couple of minutes later, a guy came to open up and let me inside where it was slightly warmer.
My old ruse of getting an automatic thus getting a larger car was ruined this time was I was given a Toyota Yaris. It struggled to get up Jubilee Way without the engine screaming. You'd better behave yourself for the next three days I told it.
Back home for breakfast, load the car and say goodbye to the cats. One last look, and I was off. The car had no sat nav, so had to use the phone.
Before going to the hotel, I was going to visit a former colleague who lives in Warrington, or nearly St Helens as I found out later, so programmed her address in, and off I went, along our street and towards the A2 and the long slog up to Dartford.
I connected my phone to charge, and straight away tunes from my Apple music store started playing. So, apart from the free U2 album it forced on all users, the rest was good if a little Skids and Velvet Underground heavy.
The miles were eaten up, even if I had to turn the music way up to drown the sound of the screaming engine.
Like all trips, I had something extra to sweeten the time away, and in this case it was a church. But not just any church, as you will see.
I watched a short documentary on Monday about Mary Queen of Scots, and remembered that she had been imprisoned and executed at Fotheringhay Castle in what is now Northamptonshire, and if I went over the Dartford Crossing, up the M11 to Cambridge, then were the A14 crossed the Great North Road, ten miles north was Fotheringhay.
So, I pressed on, under the river and into Essex, then along to the bottom of the M11, and north past Stanstead to Cambridge. Traffic wasn't bad, so I made good time, my phone telling me I would reach Fotheringhay at midday.
Turning off the A1, down narrow lanes, then the view to the church opens up, in what is possibly one of the finest vistas in all of England. St Mary and All Saints, 15th century and in its Perpendicular finest, it looks too good to be that old, but is.
Not only is the church mostly as it was, if plain inside, this was the parish church of the House of York, of several Kings including the final, Richard III.
This is real history.
I crossed over the narrow hump-back bridge that spanned the fast flowing, and nearly flooding, River Neane, into the village and parked outside the church. A set of grand gates lead off the main road to the northern porch, lined with fine trees, naked it being winter.
The tower seems over-large for the Nave and Chancel, it stands 116 feet tall, and is a chonker, the rest of the church seems small beside it, but the interior of the church is a large space, high to its vaulted roof.
I take shots, not as many as perhaps I should, but the church doesn't have centuries of memorials, but does have two House of York tombs, or mausoleums.
I had some time, so I thought I would visit any interesting church I might see before getting back on the A14.
That was the plan.
The road took me round Oundle, which had at least two interesting looking churches, but them being what you might call "urban", I passed both and carried on over the rolling hills of Northamptonshire, much hillier than you might have thought.
Just before the A14, I see a large tower, and a lane lead to the village of Titchmarsh.
Titchmarsh is the name of a very famous TV gardener over here in Britain, not sure if this is where he hails from.
The village itself is set along a long high street, lined with half-timbered houses, most thatched, which was very picturesque.
I parked up, screams from the primary school, out for lunch, filled the air. But I had eyes on the church.
Oddly, on the north side, the churchyard is marked by a haha, or half of one.
A ha?
Certainly not a ditch, but there was a grille in the wall to allow water to get out.
Access to the church was over a small bridge, the grand porch in front.
The door opened easily, and I saw first, lots of wall paintings. Not old, perhaps Victorian.
I set to work taking shots, using the compact to snap close ups of the windows.
In truth, not much of great interest, and I was aware from the radio there being talk of snow.
Better get going and head north.
Back outside, my phone tells me I should be in Warrington by four, my friend, Teresa, wouldn't be home until half past, so I could have another break on the way.
The sat nav took me back to the A14, and from there it is just a 60 mile drive to the bottom of the M6 and then the hike two hours north.
At least it was a sunny day, though clouds were building, and was it my imagination, or did it look like snow falling already?
No, it was snow. big, fat, wet flakes at first, not much to worry about, but I pressed on past Coventry to the toll road, I sopped for half an hour there, enough time to have a drink and some crisps, then back outside where darkness was falling, as well as more snow.
The M6 might have had its upgrade complete, but a trip on it is rarely without delays. And for me, an hour delayed just before Warrington due to a crash, so we inched along in near darkness.
Teresa lived the other side of Warrington, so I had to press on further north, then along other main roads, round a bonkers roundabout before entering the town. Roads were lined with two up/two downs, doors leading straight onto the pavement. Cozy and northern.
They have two dog-mountains, I'm not sure of the breed, but think of something like a St Bernard and go bigger. They had just been for a walk, were damp and happy to be inside, laying on the kitchen floor. Taking up all the kitchen floor.
We talked for an hour, then I received a call from a guy I was supposed to be meeting up with: heavy snow was falling, I should get there sooner than later. So, I said my goodbyes and programmed the route to the hotel. Sorry, resort. Golf resort.
16 miles.
Snow was falling heavy, not too bad on main roads back to the motorway, though traffic on that was only going 40, it was fast enough. But the final six miles was long a main road, but it was covered in snow, with more falling.
The the fuel warning light went on.
Ignore that, I just wanted to get to the hotel safe and have dinner. Not end up in a hedge.
The final mile was very scary, snow only an inch deep, but slippery. There was a gatehouse marking the entrance to the golf club, I turned in and parked in the first space I came to.
Phew.
I checked in, and the place is huge, swish, but full of golfers.
But it does a sideline in conferences, training centre and a hotel. It was full.
I checked in, walked to the room, which is huge, and very comfortable, dropped my bags and went to the bar for dinner of beer and burgers. The place was almost empty, I watched cricket live from South Africa while I ate and drank.
Would I be tempted by the cheeseboard?
I would, dear reader, I would.
To my room to watch the football and relax while snow fell outside.
--------------------------------------------------
Another bike ride into the wilds and wolds of Northamptonshire. I set off from Huntingdon railway station, and after a sixteen mile slog into the wind I crossed the county boundary at Clopton, a church I visited three weeks ago. Now, the real bike ride could now begin. Resisting a revisit to the church, I turned off on a very lonely, narrow lane through the woodlands. The Cambs/Northants borderlands are often like this, remote and lonely, wooded and rolling, devoid of houses outside the villages and with only the rare car, horse or other cyclist. It reminds me of parts of France.
After a couple of miles I came to Titchmarsh, and its splendid church, a big church in a pretty stone village. The tower is enormous ('The finest church tower in England outside of Somerset' - FJ Allen) and there is no spire. The churchyard is surrounded by a haha, with a little bridge across the moat. The church was being prepared for a rock concert, with a stage built up under the tower and tables and chairs in the nave. Not a huge amount to see in any case, although I liked the memorial to a servant who saved his master's life by getting in the way of an assassin's knife, only to later drown in the Nene. As you'd expect in this part of the world, good stone capitals in the arcades, with stiffleaves you could cut yourself on as well as dripping fruit.
And then it was on past the IKEA warehouse ('the largest building in the British Isles') into the town of Thrapston.
Simon Knott, July 2017.
www.flickr.com/photos/norfolkodyssey/35483761652/in/photo...
----------------------------------------------------
The Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, standing in a prominent position on the higher ground to the North of the village, has been the centre of the Christian community in Titchmarsh for some 800 years.
The name of Tichmarsh (or the modern version Titchmarsh) seems to date from Anglo-Saxon times when a piece of land was granted to one Ticcea and became known as Ticcea’s marsh (Ticceanmersce, Tychemerche, etc).
The earliest records of the church date from 1240. It was from Tichmarsh that Viscount Lovell left his manor to fight with Richard III at Bosworth. Before that he had employed his Somerset mason to build what Pevsner described as “the noblest village tower outside Somerset”, on top of which in 1588 an Armada beacon was lit.
The church is remarkable for its magnificent tower, its long and lofty clerestory, its spacious chancel, and for its light and uncluttered interior. It also houses a collection of unique and interesting wall monuments, fine stained glass windows and a recently restored 1870 TC Lewis organ. (see separate links)
The building that you see today is not the first church to have existed on this site. The remains of a 12th century doorway in the chancel is the only relic of the Norman building, and the subsequent centuries have each made their distinctive architectural contribution. The building assumed its present appearance when, late in the 15th century, the tower, clerestory and porch were added, and the present perpendicular style windows were inserted. In the late 17th and early 18th century the Pickering family contributed a number of important memorials, including one to John Dryden the poet- laureate, who spent his childhood in Titchmarsh. In the 19th century a number of the windows had stained glass inserted, a vestry was added in the northwest corner, and much of the internal woodwork was replaced (including the pews, recently adapted to provide more mobile seating).
The focus of the church, both architecturally and spiritually, is the Altar. This is God’s table, at which the faithful share in the power of Christ’s Risen Life, by feeding on the Sacrament of his Body and Blood under the forms of bread and wine. The reredos of Caen stone and Derby alabaster (1866) depicts the Old Testament scenes of Melchizedek’s offering of bread and wine, and Abraham’s offering of his only son Isaac, illustrating different aspects of the eucharistic theme.
The semi-circular Norman arch to the south side is a visible reminder that Christian worship has been offered on this site for at least some eight centuries.
The two-level sedilia and the piscine are of the 13th century, as is also the arcading which opens into the north chapel (now occupied by the organ). The opening known as a hagioscope or squint, gave additional visual access from the north chapel to the High Altar. The low, pointed 13th century doorway to the north of the Altar probably led to a tomb or chantry adjoining the Chancel on the north side. Much of this work can be attributed to the patronage of the Lovel family, who were Lords of the Manor from about 1268 until 1485.
Piercing the north-west corner of the Chancel wall are the remains of the stairway which originally led to the Rood-loft.
Dimly discernible in the apex of the Chancel arch is a crowned head. Experts suggest that it most closely resembles Edward IV who died in 1483 when Francis 1st (and only) Viscount Lovel was Lord of the Manor. The last years of the reign of Edward IV covered a peaceful period, favourable to the rebuilding of a church. In 1486 Henry VII granted the Manor of Tichmarsh to Sir Charles Somerset when Francis Lord Lovel who had supported Richard III was deprived of his estates at the end of the War of the Roses. This is the Lovell, who as Richard III’s Chamberlain and friend, was lampooned in the contemporary rhyme:
‘The Cat, the Rat, and Lovell our dog
Rule all England under the Hog’.
The walls and windows of the chancel were much embellished in Victorian times. The stained glass in the chancel windows is all by Messrs. Hardman of Birmingham. The east window depicts Christ’s Nativity, Baptism, Crucifixion and Ascension, and several episodes from the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, to whom the church is dedicated. The windows on the south side of the chancel depict various incidents from the New Testament, giving particular prominence to St Mary Magdalene and St Peter.
The reredos of Caen stone and Derby alabaster were completed.
The organ, a good example of the work of TC Lewis was installed and first used in 1870. (fully restored in 2016). We learn from the Parish Magazine that prior to the installation of the instrument, music for Devine service had been supplied by a barrel organ, the introduction of which in 1837 replaced the services of the eight singers who had occupied a musicians gallery under the tower, and sang very loud. Singing was also led by string and woodwind instruments until 1861.
According to the parish magazines, the paintings on the chancel walls were by Miss Agnes Saunders, who was sister-in-law to the Rev. F M Stopford, (rector 1861-1912). The fine limed oak chancel screen was the gift of Canon A M Luckock, (rector 1912-1962).
The North Chapel and Transept
This was largely rebuilt in the 14th century, and now houses many mural memorials to the Pickering family
Gilbert Pickering bought the manor of Tichmarsh from Charles Somerset’s grandson in 1553, and for more than two hundred years it remained in the possession of his descendants. When the direct line came to an end, the estates were acquired in 1778 by Thomas Powys, later the first Lord Lilford.
John Pickering married Susannah Dryden of Canons Ashby in 1609, and twenty-one years later, Susannah’s brother Erasmus married John’s cousin Mary Pickering. Of these unions were born two men well known in the highest circles of their day, the notorious Sir Gilbert Pickering (1613-1668) and the famous John Dryden the poet (1631-1700).
Sir Gilbert was a convinced Parliamentarian, and became Lord Chamberlain to Oliver Cromwell. John Dryden’s upbringing in Tichmarsh is mentioned in one of the memorials. This and another were painted by Sir Gilbert’s daughter, Elizabeth, who became the wife of John Creed.
A woman of talent with needle, pen and brush, Elizabeth Creed was responsible also for the wording of the altar tomb and wall angle memorials of the south aisle as well as the Dryden monument which has been moved to the north transept.
The South Aisle
Here we find Mrs Creed lamenting the death of her husband, a boon companion of Samuel Pepys, of their son Christ’s family. By ancient custom the Font stands near the main (west) door of the physical building, as a reminder that it is through Baptism that we enter Christ’s Church.
The West Window
The tracery of the tower window is 15th century, (extensively restored in 2016). In 1904 the west window was filled with stained glass, the gift of Rev’d F M Stopford to mark his 50th year in Holy Orders. It is a powerful representation of Christ’s Second Coming and the Day of Judgement, and approximately balances the episodes of Christ’s first Advent depicted in the east window. The same firm of artists, Messrs Hardman of Birmingham, was employed for the work, and it is interesting to notice how the passage of some forty years makes a considerable difference in style and taste between the tower window and their earlier work.
The Bells
The tower houses a fine ring of eight bells. All were recast and re-hung in 1913 as a memorial to Rev’d F M Stopford who died in office in 1912 having been rector for 51 years, and a chaplain to Queen Victoria, Edward VII and George V. Before recasting, the oldest bells dated from 1688, with additions in 1708 and 1781. The ring was completed in1885 by the gift of two bells in memory of Florence Augusta Stopford, the rector’s first wife. At the same time the present church clock, which strikes the hours and quarters, replaced the previous one made by George Eayre in 1745.
At the base of the tower are some interesting photographs of the re-hanging of the bells.
The South Porch
The original porch was a single storey structure, with window openings to east and west. The upper storey was added in1583 and housed the Pickering family pew, complete with fire place! After the death of the last Tichmarsh Pickerings the wall opening was blocked up. It was reopened in 1931, when Canon Luckock (rector 1912-1962) and his wife put in the present glass panel and hung the massive oak south door as a thanksgiving for their silver wedding. The seating around the walls of the porch is a reminder of its earlier function as a place of meeting.
The Exterior
The large and splendid tower is built in four stages, richly decorated with triple bands of quatrefoils in circles on the ground storey and similar bands on the second and third stages. The niches on the west face contain modern stone figures representing Moses and Aaron, the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Peter, and the archangels Michael and Gabriel. The parish magazine for 1901 records that the rector’s wife paid for the replacements by breeding and selling black fantail pigeons.
The ‘crown’, ie. parapet and pinnacles above the fourth stage is considered by experts to date from about 1500. The will of one Thomas Gryndall, dated 1474, bequeaths money towards the building of the tower, probably completed except for the ‘crown’ in about 1480.
The prominence and size of the tower made it a significant landmark. In 1585 when the country prepared to resist the threatened invasion from Spain, the Lord Lieutenant, Sir Christopher Hatton of Kirby Hall, gave order for Beacons to be made in places accustomed and that ‘Tychemershe Beacon’ be sett upon Tychemershe church steeple
On the south wall of the tower is a painted sundial, dated 1798, and below it a disused clock face made in 1745. There are three scratch dials on the south side of the church – on the porch and on two of the buttresses.
The churchyard, which contains many good examples of local stonemasons’ work of the 18th and 19th centuries, is remarkable and perhaps unique in being bounded almost entirely by a ha-ha.
Acknowlegements: The Victoria County History of Northamptonshire; Northamptonshire by Niklaus Pevsner; and to various numbers of the Titchmarsh Parish Magazine; Titchmarsh Past and Present by Helen Belgion, published 1979
titchmarsh.info/church-of-st-mary-the-virgin/church-history/
After the loss of our beloved cat, Tolly, I thought I'd do something a bit lighthearted to cheer myself up.
Ian's on the road again, wearing different shoes again.
Or something.
Yes, have audit will travel is taking me back to the north west and head office (UK) in Warrington.
I wasn't keen to go, as I would be one of those being audited, rather than being the auditor.
So it goes.
Up even earlier than usual, Jools went swimming first thing, while I woke up and packed.
It was to be a bright if cold day, and the promise of actual snow once I reached Manchester, so that was something to look forward to. No?
Jools dropped me off on the prom so I could have a walk, take some snaps before picking up the car.
It was cold.
Not Canada cold, clearly.
Minus three. And too cold to linger to watch the actual sunrise, so made do with snapping the reflected light of the hotels and a ferry coming into the harbour. I walked over Townwall Street, now cold to the bone, hoping the car hire place would be open on time.
It wasn't, but a couple of minutes later, a guy came to open up and let me inside where it was slightly warmer.
My old ruse of getting an automatic thus getting a larger car was ruined this time was I was given a Toyota Yaris. It struggled to get up Jubilee Way without the engine screaming. You'd better behave yourself for the next three days I told it.
Back home for breakfast, load the car and say goodbye to the cats. One last look, and I was off. The car had no sat nav, so had to use the phone.
Before going to the hotel, I was going to visit a former colleague who lives in Warrington, or nearly St Helens as I found out later, so programmed her address in, and off I went, along our street and towards the A2 and the long slog up to Dartford.
I connected my phone to charge, and straight away tunes from my Apple music store started playing. So, apart from the free U2 album it forced on all users, the rest was good if a little Skids and Velvet Underground heavy.
The miles were eaten up, even if I had to turn the music way up to drown the sound of the screaming engine.
Like all trips, I had something extra to sweeten the time away, and in this case it was a church. But not just any church, as you will see.
I watched a short documentary on Monday about Mary Queen of Scots, and remembered that she had been imprisoned and executed at Fotheringhay Castle in what is now Northamptonshire, and if I went over the Dartford Crossing, up the M11 to Cambridge, then were the A14 crossed the Great North Road, ten miles north was Fotheringhay.
So, I pressed on, under the river and into Essex, then along to the bottom of the M11, and north past Stanstead to Cambridge. Traffic wasn't bad, so I made good time, my phone telling me I would reach Fotheringhay at midday.
Turning off the A1, down narrow lanes, then the view to the church opens up, in what is possibly one of the finest vistas in all of England. St Mary and All Saints, 15th century and in its Perpendicular finest, it looks too good to be that old, but is.
Not only is the church mostly as it was, if plain inside, this was the parish church of the House of York, of several Kings including the final, Richard III.
This is real history.
I crossed over the narrow hump-back bridge that spanned the fast flowing, and nearly flooding, River Neane, into the village and parked outside the church. A set of grand gates lead off the main road to the northern porch, lined with fine trees, naked it being winter.
The tower seems over-large for the Nave and Chancel, it stands 116 feet tall, and is a chonker, the rest of the church seems small beside it, but the interior of the church is a large space, high to its vaulted roof.
I take shots, not as many as perhaps I should, but the church doesn't have centuries of memorials, but does have two House of York tombs, or mausoleums.
I had some time, so I thought I would visit any interesting church I might see before getting back on the A14.
That was the plan.
The road took me round Oundle, which had at least two interesting looking churches, but them being what you might call "urban", I passed both and carried on over the rolling hills of Northamptonshire, much hillier than you might have thought.
Just before the A14, I see a large tower, and a lane lead to the village of Titchmarsh.
Titchmarsh is the name of a very famous TV gardener over here in Britain, not sure if this is where he hails from.
The village itself is set along a long high street, lined with half-timbered houses, most thatched, which was very picturesque.
I parked up, screams from the primary school, out for lunch, filled the air. But I had eyes on the church.
Oddly, on the north side, the churchyard is marked by a haha, or half of one.
A ha?
Certainly not a ditch, but there was a grille in the wall to allow water to get out.
Access to the church was over a small bridge, the grand porch in front.
The door opened easily, and I saw first, lots of wall paintings. Not old, perhaps Victorian.
I set to work taking shots, using the compact to snap close ups of the windows.
In truth, not much of great interest, and I was aware from the radio there being talk of snow.
Better get going and head north.
Back outside, my phone tells me I should be in Warrington by four, my friend, Teresa, wouldn't be home until half past, so I could have another break on the way.
The sat nav took me back to the A14, and from there it is just a 60 mile drive to the bottom of the M6 and then the hike two hours north.
At least it was a sunny day, though clouds were building, and was it my imagination, or did it look like snow falling already?
No, it was snow. big, fat, wet flakes at first, not much to worry about, but I pressed on past Coventry to the toll road, I sopped for half an hour there, enough time to have a drink and some crisps, then back outside where darkness was falling, as well as more snow.
The M6 might have had its upgrade complete, but a trip on it is rarely without delays. And for me, an hour delayed just before Warrington due to a crash, so we inched along in near darkness.
Teresa lived the other side of Warrington, so I had to press on further north, then along other main roads, round a bonkers roundabout before entering the town. Roads were lined with two up/two downs, doors leading straight onto the pavement. Cozy and northern.
They have two dog-mountains, I'm not sure of the breed, but think of something like a St Bernard and go bigger. They had just been for a walk, were damp and happy to be inside, laying on the kitchen floor. Taking up all the kitchen floor.
We talked for an hour, then I received a call from a guy I was supposed to be meeting up with: heavy snow was falling, I should get there sooner than later. So, I said my goodbyes and programmed the route to the hotel. Sorry, resort. Golf resort.
16 miles.
Snow was falling heavy, not too bad on main roads back to the motorway, though traffic on that was only going 40, it was fast enough. But the final six miles was long a main road, but it was covered in snow, with more falling.
The the fuel warning light went on.
Ignore that, I just wanted to get to the hotel safe and have dinner. Not end up in a hedge.
The final mile was very scary, snow only an inch deep, but slippery. There was a gatehouse marking the entrance to the golf club, I turned in and parked in the first space I came to.
Phew.
I checked in, and the place is huge, swish, but full of golfers.
But it does a sideline in conferences, training centre and a hotel. It was full.
I checked in, walked to the room, which is huge, and very comfortable, dropped my bags and went to the bar for dinner of beer and burgers. The place was almost empty, I watched cricket live from South Africa while I ate and drank.
Would I be tempted by the cheeseboard?
I would, dear reader, I would.
To my room to watch the football and relax while snow fell outside.
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Another bike ride into the wilds and wolds of Northamptonshire. I set off from Huntingdon railway station, and after a sixteen mile slog into the wind I crossed the county boundary at Clopton, a church I visited three weeks ago. Now, the real bike ride could now begin. Resisting a revisit to the church, I turned off on a very lonely, narrow lane through the woodlands. The Cambs/Northants borderlands are often like this, remote and lonely, wooded and rolling, devoid of houses outside the villages and with only the rare car, horse or other cyclist. It reminds me of parts of France.
After a couple of miles I came to Titchmarsh, and its splendid church, a big church in a pretty stone village. The tower is enormous ('The finest church tower in England outside of Somerset' - FJ Allen) and there is no spire. The churchyard is surrounded by a haha, with a little bridge across the moat. The church was being prepared for a rock concert, with a stage built up under the tower and tables and chairs in the nave. Not a huge amount to see in any case, although I liked the memorial to a servant who saved his master's life by getting in the way of an assassin's knife, only to later drown in the Nene. As you'd expect in this part of the world, good stone capitals in the arcades, with stiffleaves you could cut yourself on as well as dripping fruit.
And then it was on past the IKEA warehouse ('the largest building in the British Isles') into the town of Thrapston.
Simon Knott, July 2017.
www.flickr.com/photos/norfolkodyssey/35483761652/in/photo...
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The Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, standing in a prominent position on the higher ground to the North of the village, has been the centre of the Christian community in Titchmarsh for some 800 years.
The name of Tichmarsh (or the modern version Titchmarsh) seems to date from Anglo-Saxon times when a piece of land was granted to one Ticcea and became known as Ticcea’s marsh (Ticceanmersce, Tychemerche, etc).
The earliest records of the church date from 1240. It was from Tichmarsh that Viscount Lovell left his manor to fight with Richard III at Bosworth. Before that he had employed his Somerset mason to build what Pevsner described as “the noblest village tower outside Somerset”, on top of which in 1588 an Armada beacon was lit.
The church is remarkable for its magnificent tower, its long and lofty clerestory, its spacious chancel, and for its light and uncluttered interior. It also houses a collection of unique and interesting wall monuments, fine stained glass windows and a recently restored 1870 TC Lewis organ. (see separate links)
The building that you see today is not the first church to have existed on this site. The remains of a 12th century doorway in the chancel is the only relic of the Norman building, and the subsequent centuries have each made their distinctive architectural contribution. The building assumed its present appearance when, late in the 15th century, the tower, clerestory and porch were added, and the present perpendicular style windows were inserted. In the late 17th and early 18th century the Pickering family contributed a number of important memorials, including one to John Dryden the poet- laureate, who spent his childhood in Titchmarsh. In the 19th century a number of the windows had stained glass inserted, a vestry was added in the northwest corner, and much of the internal woodwork was replaced (including the pews, recently adapted to provide more mobile seating).
The focus of the church, both architecturally and spiritually, is the Altar. This is God’s table, at which the faithful share in the power of Christ’s Risen Life, by feeding on the Sacrament of his Body and Blood under the forms of bread and wine. The reredos of Caen stone and Derby alabaster (1866) depicts the Old Testament scenes of Melchizedek’s offering of bread and wine, and Abraham’s offering of his only son Isaac, illustrating different aspects of the eucharistic theme.
The semi-circular Norman arch to the south side is a visible reminder that Christian worship has been offered on this site for at least some eight centuries.
The two-level sedilia and the piscine are of the 13th century, as is also the arcading which opens into the north chapel (now occupied by the organ). The opening known as a hagioscope or squint, gave additional visual access from the north chapel to the High Altar. The low, pointed 13th century doorway to the north of the Altar probably led to a tomb or chantry adjoining the Chancel on the north side. Much of this work can be attributed to the patronage of the Lovel family, who were Lords of the Manor from about 1268 until 1485.
Piercing the north-west corner of the Chancel wall are the remains of the stairway which originally led to the Rood-loft.
Dimly discernible in the apex of the Chancel arch is a crowned head. Experts suggest that it most closely resembles Edward IV who died in 1483 when Francis 1st (and only) Viscount Lovel was Lord of the Manor. The last years of the reign of Edward IV covered a peaceful period, favourable to the rebuilding of a church. In 1486 Henry VII granted the Manor of Tichmarsh to Sir Charles Somerset when Francis Lord Lovel who had supported Richard III was deprived of his estates at the end of the War of the Roses. This is the Lovell, who as Richard III’s Chamberlain and friend, was lampooned in the contemporary rhyme:
‘The Cat, the Rat, and Lovell our dog
Rule all England under the Hog’.
The walls and windows of the chancel were much embellished in Victorian times. The stained glass in the chancel windows is all by Messrs. Hardman of Birmingham. The east window depicts Christ’s Nativity, Baptism, Crucifixion and Ascension, and several episodes from the life of the Blessed Virgin Mary, to whom the church is dedicated. The windows on the south side of the chancel depict various incidents from the New Testament, giving particular prominence to St Mary Magdalene and St Peter.
The reredos of Caen stone and Derby alabaster were completed.
The organ, a good example of the work of TC Lewis was installed and first used in 1870. (fully restored in 2016). We learn from the Parish Magazine that prior to the installation of the instrument, music for Devine service had been supplied by a barrel organ, the introduction of which in 1837 replaced the services of the eight singers who had occupied a musicians gallery under the tower, and sang very loud. Singing was also led by string and woodwind instruments until 1861.
According to the parish magazines, the paintings on the chancel walls were by Miss Agnes Saunders, who was sister-in-law to the Rev. F M Stopford, (rector 1861-1912). The fine limed oak chancel screen was the gift of Canon A M Luckock, (rector 1912-1962).
The North Chapel and Transept
This was largely rebuilt in the 14th century, and now houses many mural memorials to the Pickering family
Gilbert Pickering bought the manor of Tichmarsh from Charles Somerset’s grandson in 1553, and for more than two hundred years it remained in the possession of his descendants. When the direct line came to an end, the estates were acquired in 1778 by Thomas Powys, later the first Lord Lilford.
John Pickering married Susannah Dryden of Canons Ashby in 1609, and twenty-one years later, Susannah’s brother Erasmus married John’s cousin Mary Pickering. Of these unions were born two men well known in the highest circles of their day, the notorious Sir Gilbert Pickering (1613-1668) and the famous John Dryden the poet (1631-1700).
Sir Gilbert was a convinced Parliamentarian, and became Lord Chamberlain to Oliver Cromwell. John Dryden’s upbringing in Tichmarsh is mentioned in one of the memorials. This and another were painted by Sir Gilbert’s daughter, Elizabeth, who became the wife of John Creed.
A woman of talent with needle, pen and brush, Elizabeth Creed was responsible also for the wording of the altar tomb and wall angle memorials of the south aisle as well as the Dryden monument which has been moved to the north transept.
The South Aisle
Here we find Mrs Creed lamenting the death of her husband, a boon companion of Samuel Pepys, of their son Christ’s family. By ancient custom the Font stands near the main (west) door of the physical building, as a reminder that it is through Baptism that we enter Christ’s Church.
The West Window
The tracery of the tower window is 15th century, (extensively restored in 2016). In 1904 the west window was filled with stained glass, the gift of Rev’d F M Stopford to mark his 50th year in Holy Orders. It is a powerful representation of Christ’s Second Coming and the Day of Judgement, and approximately balances the episodes of Christ’s first Advent depicted in the east window. The same firm of artists, Messrs Hardman of Birmingham, was employed for the work, and it is interesting to notice how the passage of some forty years makes a considerable difference in style and taste between the tower window and their earlier work.
The Bells
The tower houses a fine ring of eight bells. All were recast and re-hung in 1913 as a memorial to Rev’d F M Stopford who died in office in 1912 having been rector for 51 years, and a chaplain to Queen Victoria, Edward VII and George V. Before recasting, the oldest bells dated from 1688, with additions in 1708 and 1781. The ring was completed in1885 by the gift of two bells in memory of Florence Augusta Stopford, the rector’s first wife. At the same time the present church clock, which strikes the hours and quarters, replaced the previous one made by George Eayre in 1745.
At the base of the tower are some interesting photographs of the re-hanging of the bells.
The South Porch
The original porch was a single storey structure, with window openings to east and west. The upper storey was added in1583 and housed the Pickering family pew, complete with fire place! After the death of the last Tichmarsh Pickerings the wall opening was blocked up. It was reopened in 1931, when Canon Luckock (rector 1912-1962) and his wife put in the present glass panel and hung the massive oak south door as a thanksgiving for their silver wedding. The seating around the walls of the porch is a reminder of its earlier function as a place of meeting.
The Exterior
The large and splendid tower is built in four stages, richly decorated with triple bands of quatrefoils in circles on the ground storey and similar bands on the second and third stages. The niches on the west face contain modern stone figures representing Moses and Aaron, the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Peter, and the archangels Michael and Gabriel. The parish magazine for 1901 records that the rector’s wife paid for the replacements by breeding and selling black fantail pigeons.
The ‘crown’, ie. parapet and pinnacles above the fourth stage is considered by experts to date from about 1500. The will of one Thomas Gryndall, dated 1474, bequeaths money towards the building of the tower, probably completed except for the ‘crown’ in about 1480.
The prominence and size of the tower made it a significant landmark. In 1585 when the country prepared to resist the threatened invasion from Spain, the Lord Lieutenant, Sir Christopher Hatton of Kirby Hall, gave order for Beacons to be made in places accustomed and that ‘Tychemershe Beacon’ be sett upon Tychemershe church steeple
On the south wall of the tower is a painted sundial, dated 1798, and below it a disused clock face made in 1745. There are three scratch dials on the south side of the church – on the porch and on two of the buttresses.
The churchyard, which contains many good examples of local stonemasons’ work of the 18th and 19th centuries, is remarkable and perhaps unique in being bounded almost entirely by a ha-ha.
Acknowlegements: The Victoria County History of Northamptonshire; Northamptonshire by Niklaus Pevsner; and to various numbers of the Titchmarsh Parish Magazine; Titchmarsh Past and Present by Helen Belgion, published 1979
titchmarsh.info/church-of-st-mary-the-virgin/church-history/
Beaumaris Castle in Beaumaris, Anglesey, Wales, was built as part of Edward I's campaign to conquer north Wales after 1282. Plans were probably first made to construct the castle in 1284, but this was delayed due to lack of funds and work only began in 1295 following the Madog ap Llywelyn uprising. A substantial workforce was employed in the initial years under the direction of James of St George. Edward's invasion of Scotland soon diverted funding from the project, however, and work stopped, only recommencing after an invasion scare in 1306. When work finally ceased around 1330 a total of £15,000 had been spent, a huge sum for the period, but the castle remained incomplete.
Beaumaris Castle was taken by Welsh forces in 1403 during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr, but recaptured by royal forces in 1405.
In March 1592, the Welsh Roman Catholic priest and martyr William Davies was imprisoned in the castle, and was eventually hanged, drawn and quartered there on 27 July 1593.
Following the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, the castle was held by forces loyal to Charles I, holding out until 1646 when it surrendered to the Parliamentary armies. Despite forming part of a local royalist rebellion in 1648, the castle escaped slighting and was garrisoned by Parliament, but fell into ruin around 1660, eventually forming part of a stately home and park in the 19th century. In the 21st century, the ruined castle is still a tourist attraction.
Historian Arnold Taylor described Beaumaris Castle as Britain's "most perfect example of symmetrical concentric planning". The fortification is built of local stone, with a moated outer ward guarded by twelve towers and two gatehouses, overlooked by an inner ward with two large, D-shaped gatehouses and six massive towers. The inner ward was designed to contain ranges of domestic buildings and accommodation able to support two major households. The south gate could be reached by ship, allowing the castle to be directly supplied by sea. UNESCO considers Beaumaris to be one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe", and it is classed as a World Heritage Site.
The kings of England and the Welsh princes had vied for control of North Wales since the 1070s and the conflict had been renewed during the 13th century, leading to Edward I intervening in North Wales for the second time during his reign in 1282. Edward invaded with a huge army, pushing north from Carmarthen and westwards from Montgomery and Chester. Edward decided to permanently colonise North Wales and provisions for its governance were set out in the Statute of Rhuddlan, enacted on 3 March 1284. Wales was divided into counties and shires, emulating how England was governed, with three new shires created in the north-west, Caernarfon, Merioneth and Anglesey.[6] New towns with protective castles were established at Caernarfon and Harlech, the administrative centres of the first two shires, with another castle and walled town built in nearby Conwy, and plans were probably made to establish a similar castle and settlement near the town of Llanfaes on Anglesey. Llanfaes was the wealthiest borough in Wales and largest in terms of population, an important trading port and on the preferred route from North Wales to Ireland. The huge cost of building the other castles, however, meant that the Llanfaes project had to be postponed.
In 1294 Madog ap Llywelyn rebelled against English rule.[The revolt was bloody and amongst the casualties was Roger de Pulesdon, the sheriff of Anglesey. Edward suppressed the rebellion over the winter and once Anglesey was reoccupied in April 1295 he immediately began to progress the delayed plans to fortify the area. The chosen site was called Beaumaris, meaning "fair marsh", whose name derives from the Norman-French Beau Mareys, and in Latin the castle was termed de Bello Marisco. This was about 1 mile (1.6 km) from Llanfaes and the decision was therefore taken to move the Welsh population of Llanfaes some 12 miles (19 km) south-west, where a settlement by the name of Newborough was created for them. The deportation of the local Welsh opened the way for the construction of a prosperous English town, protected by a substantial castle.
The castle was positioned in one corner of the town, following a similar town plan to that in the town of Conwy, although in Beaumaris no town walls were constructed at first, despite some foundations being laid.[10] Work began in the summer of 1295, overseen by Master James of St George. James had been appointed the "master of the king's works in Wales", reflecting the responsibility he had in their construction and design. From 1295 onwards, Beaumaris became his primary responsibility and more frequently he was given the title "magister operacionum de Bello Marisco". The work was recorded in considerable detail on the pipe rolls, the continuous records of medieval royal expenditure, and, as a result, the early stages of construction at Beaumaris are relatively well understood for the period.
A huge amount of work was undertaken in the first summer, with an average of 1,800 workmen, 450 stonemasons and 375 quarriers on the site. This consumed around £270 a week in wages and the project rapidly fell into arrears, forcing officials to issue leather tokens instead of paying the workforce with normal coinage. The centre of the castle was filled with temporary huts to house the workforce over the winter. The following spring, James explained to his employers some of the difficulties and the high costs involved:
In case you should wonder where so much money could go in a week, we would have you know that we have needed – and shall continue to need 400 masons, both cutters and layers, together with 2,000 less skilled workmen, 100 carts, 60 wagons and 30 boats bringing stone and sea coal; 200 quarrymen; 30 smiths; and carpenters for putting in the joists and floor boards and other necessary jobs. All this takes no account of the garrison ... nor of purchases of material. Of which there will have to be a great quantity ... The men's pay has been and still is very much in arrears, and we are having the greatest difficulty in keeping them because they have simply nothing to live on.
The construction slowed during 1296, although debts continued to build up, and work dropped off further the following year, stopping entirely by 1300, by when around £11,000 had been spent. The halt was primarily the result of Edward's new wars in Scotland, which had begun to consume his attention and financial resources, but it left the castle only partially complete: the inner walls and towers were only a fraction of their proper height and the north and north-west sides lacked outer defences altogether. In 1306 Edward became concerned about a possible Scottish invasion of North Wales, but the unfinished castle had already fallen into a poor state of repair. Work recommenced on completing the outer defences, first under James' direction and then, after his death in 1309, Master Nicolas de Derneford. This work finally halted in 1330 with the castle still not built to its intended height; by the end of the project, £15,000 had been spent, a colossal sum for the period. A royal survey in 1343 suggested that at least a further £684 would be needed to complete the castle, but this was never invested.
In 1400 a revolt broke out in North Wales against English rule, led by Owain Glyndŵr. Beaumaris Castle was placed under siege and captured by the rebels in 1403, being retaken by royal forces in 1405. The castle was ill-maintained and fell into disrepair and by 1534, when Roland de Velville was the castle constable, rain was leaking into most of the rooms. In 1539 a report complained that it was protected by an arsenal of only eight or ten small guns and forty bows, which the castle's new constable, Richard Bulkeley, considered to be completely inadequate for protecting the fortress against a potential Scottish attack. Matters worsened and by 1609 the castle was classed as "utterlie decayed".
The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between the Royalist supporters of Charles I and the supporters of Parliament. Beaumaris Castle was a strategic location in the war, as it controlled part of the route between the king's bases in Ireland and his operations in England. Thomas Bulkeley, whose family had been involved in the management of the castle for several centuries, held Beaumaris for the king and may have spent around £3,000 improving its defences. By 1646, however, Parliament had defeated the royal armies and the castle was surrendered by Colonel Richard Bulkeley in June. Anglesey revolted against Parliament again in 1648, and Beaumaris was briefly reoccupied by royalist forces, surrendering for a second time in October that year.
After the war many castles were slighted, damaged to put them beyond military use, but Parliament was concerned about the threat of a royalist invasion from Scotland and Beaumaris was spared. Colonel John Jones became the castle governor and a garrison was installed inside, at a cost of £1,703 a year. When Charles II returned to the throne in 1660 and restored the Bulkeley family as castle constables, Beaumaris appears to have been stripped of its valuable lead and remaining resources, including the roofs.
Lord Thomas Bulkeley bought the castle from the Crown in 1807 for £735, incorporating it into the park that surrounded his local residence, Baron Hill. By then the castles of North Wales had become attractive locations for visiting painters and travellers, who considered the ivy-clad ruins romantic. Although not as popular as other sites in the region, Beaumaris formed part of this trend and was visited by the future Queen Victoria in 1832 for an Eisteddfod festival and it was painted by J. M. W. Turner in 1835. Some of the castle's stones may have been reused in 1829 to build the nearby Beaumaris Gaol.
In 1925 Richard Williams-Bulkeley retained the freehold and placed the castle into the care of the Commissioners of Works, who then carried out a large scale restoration programme, stripping back the vegetation, digging out the moat and repairing the stonework. In 1950 the castle, considered by the authorities to be "one of the outstanding Edwardian medieval castles of Wales", was designated as a Grade I listed building – the highest grade of listing, protecting buildings of "exceptional, usually national, interest".
Beaumaris was declared part of the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site in 1986, UNESCO considering it one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe". In the 21st century Beaumaris Castle is managed by Cadw, the Welsh Assembly Government's agency for historic monuments, as a tourist attraction, with 75,000 visitors during the 2007–08 financial year. The castle requires ongoing maintenance and repairs cost £58,000 over the 2002–03 financial year.
Beaumaris Castle was never fully built, but had it been completed it would probably have closely resembled Harlech Castle. Both castles are concentric in plan, with walls within walls, although Beaumaris is the more regular in design. Historian Arnold Taylor described Beaumaris as Britain's "most perfect example of symmetrical concentric planning" and for many years the castle was regarded as the pinnacle of military engineering during Edward I's reign. This evolutionary interpretation is now disputed by historians: Beaumaris was as much a royal palace and symbol of English power as it was a straightforward defensive fortification. Nonetheless, the castle is praised by UNESCO as a "unique artistic achievement" for the way in which it combines "characteristic 13th century double-wall structures with a central plan" and for the beauty of its "proportions and masonry".
Beaumaris Castle was built at around sea-level on top of the till and other sediments that form the local coastline, and was constructed from local Anglesey stone from within 10 miles (16 km) of the site, with some stones brought along the coast by ship, for example from the limestone quarries at Penmon. The stone was a mixture of limestone, sandstone and green schists, which was used fairly randomly within the walls and towers; the use of schists ceased after the pause in the building work in 1298 and as a result is limited to the lower levels of the walls.
The castle design formed an inner and an outer ward, surrounded in turn by a moat, now partially filled. The main entrance to the castle was the Gate next the Sea, next to the castle's tidal dock that allowed it to be supplied directly by sea. The dock was protected by a wall later named the Gunners Walk and a firing platform that may have housed a trebuchet siege engine during the medieval period. The Gate next the Sea led into an outer barbican, protected by a drawbridge, arrow slits and murder-holes, leading on into the outer ward.
The outer ward consisted of an eight-sided curtain wall with twelve turrets enclosing an area approximately 60 feet (18 m) across; one gateway led out to the Gate next the Sea, the other, the Llanfaes Gate, led out to the north side of the castle. The defences were originally equipped with around 300 firing positions for archers, including 164 arrow slits, although 64 of the slits close to the ground level have since been blocked in to prevent them being exploited by attackers, either in the early 15th century or during the Civil War.
The walls of the inner ward were more substantial than those of the outer ward, 36-foot (11 m) high and 15.5-foot (4.7 m) thick, with huge towers and two large gatehouses, enclosing a 0.75-acre (0.30 ha) area. The inner ward was intended to hold the accommodation and other domestic buildings of the castle, with ranges of buildings stretching along the west and east sides of the ward; some of the remains of the fireplaces for these buildings can still be seen in the stonework. It is uncertain if these ranges were actually ever built or if they were constructed but later demolished after the Civil War. If finished, the castle would have been able to host two substantial households and their followers, for example the king and queen, or the king, queen and a prince and his own wife.
The D-shaped north gatehouse in the inner ward was intended to be two storeys high, with two sets of five, large windows, of which only one floor was actually completed. It would have included a large hall on the first floor, around 70 feet (21 m) by 25 feet (7.6 m) across, divided into two with separate fireplaces for heating. The south gatehouse was designed to be a replica of that on the north side, but building work progressed even less far before finishing in 1330. Some of the stonework may since have been removed from the gatehouse, reducing its height even further.
The walls of the inner ward contain extensive first floor passageways, similar to those at Caernarfon Castle. These were intended to allow members of the castle to move between the towers, accessing the guardrooms, sleeping chambers and the castle latrines. The latrines were designed to be drained by a special system using the water from the moat, but the system does not appear to have worked well in practice. The six towers were intended to be three storeys high and contained fireplaces. The castle chapel was built into one of the towers and would have been used by the king and his family, rather than the wider garrison.
Beaumaris is a town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, of which it is the former county town of Anglesey. It is located at the eastern entrance to the Menai Strait, the tidal waterway separating Anglesey from the coast of North Wales. At the 2011 census, its population was 1,938. The community includes Llanfaes.
Beaumaris was originally a Viking settlement known as Porth y Wygyr ("Port of the Vikings"), but the town itself began its development in 1295 when Edward I of England, having conquered Wales, commissioned the building of Beaumaris Castle as part of a chain of fortifications around the North Wales coast (others include Conwy, Caernarfon and Harlech).
The castle was built on a marsh and that is where it found its name; the Norman-French builders called it beaux marais, which translates as "fair marsh".
The ancient village of Llanfaes, a mile to the north of Beaumaris, had been occupied by Anglo-Saxons in 818 but had been regained by Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd, and remained a vital strategic settlement. To counter further Welsh uprisings, and to ensure control of the Menai Strait, Edward I chose the flat coastal plain as the place to build Beaumaris Castle. The castle was designed by the Savoyard mason Master James of Saint George and is considered the most perfect example of a concentric castle. The 'troublesome' residents of Llanfaes were removed en bloc to Rhosyr in the west of Anglesey, a new settlement King Edward entitled "Newborough".
Beaumaris was awarded a royal charter by Edward I, which was drawn up on similar terms to the charters of his other castle towns in North Wales and intended to invest only the English and Norman-French residents with civic rights. Native Welsh residents of Beaumaris were largely disqualified from holding any civic office, carrying any weapon, and holding assemblies; and were not allowed to buy houses or land within the borough. The charter also specifically prohibited Jews (who had been largely expelled from most English towns) from living in Beaumaris.
From 1562 until the Reform Act 1832, Beaumaris was a Rotten Borough with the member of parliament elected by the Corporation of the town which was in the control of the Bulkeley family.
Beaumaris was the port of registration for all vessels in North West Wales, covering every harbour on Anglesey and all the ports from Conwy to Pwllheli. Shipbuilding was a major industry in Beaumaris. This was centred on Gallows Point – a nearby spit of land extending into the Menai Strait about a mile west of the town. Gallows Point had originally been called "Osmund's Eyre" but was renamed when the town gallows was erected there – along with a "Dead House" for the corpses of criminals dispatched in public executions. Later, hangings were carried out at the town gaol and the bodies buried in a lime-pit within the curtilage of the gaol. One of the last prisoners to hang at Beaumaris issued a curse before he died – decreeing that if he was innocent the four faces of the church clock would never show the same time.
According to historian Hywel Teifi Edwards, when the "Provincial Eisteddfod" was held at Beaumaris in 1832, a young Princess Victoria and her mother were in attendance.
Beaumaris has never had a railway station built to the town, although the nearby village of Pentraeth had a station on the former Red Wharf Bay branch line which ran off the Anglesey Central Railway. It was roughly six miles west of the town by road. This station closed in 1930.
Notable buildings in the town include the castle, a courthouse built in 1614, the 14th-century St Mary's and St Nicholas's Church, Beaumaris Gaol, the 14th-century Tudor Rose (one of the oldest original timber-framed buildings in Britain) and the Bulls Head Inn, built in 1472, which General Thomas Mytton made his headquarters during the "Siege of Beaumaris" during the second English Civil War in 1648.
A native of Anglesey, David Hughes, founded Beaumaris Grammar School in 1603. It became a non-selective school in 1952 when Anglesey County Council became the first authority in Britain to adopt comprehensive secondary education. The school was eventually moved to Menai Bridge and only the ancient hall of the original school building now remains. Beaumaris Town Hall was completed in 1785.
Beaumaris Pier, opened in 1846, was designed by Frederick Foster and is a masonry jetty on wooden and concrete pilings. The pier was rebuilt and extended to 570 feet (170 m) after storm damage in 1872, and a large pavilion containing a cafe was built at the end. It was once the landing stage for steamships of the Liverpool and North Wales Shipping Company, including the Snowdon, La Marguerite, St. Elvies and St. Trillo, although the larger vessels in its fleet – the St. Seriol and St. Tudno – were too large for the pier and landed their passengers at Menai Bridge. In the 1960s, through lack of maintenance, the pier became unsafe and was threatened with demolition, but local yachtswoman and lifeboat secretary Miss Mary Burton made a large private donation to ensure the pier was saved for the town. A further reconstruction was carried out between 2010 and 2012.
The Saunders Roe company set up a factory at Fryars (the site of the old Franciscan friary to the east) when it was feared that the company's main base on the Isle of Wight would be a target for World War II Luftwaffe bombers. The factory converted American-built PBY Catalina flying boats. After the war, the company focused on their ship building produced at the site with fast patrol boats, minesweepers and an experimental Austin Float Plane. They also produced buses for London Transport (RT Double deckers) and single deck buses for Cuba.
The first recorded rescue of people in difficulty at sea was in 1830 when 375 people were rescued from a foundered emigrant ship. A lifeboat station was established in 1891 and closed four years later when a neighbouring station was provided with a more powerful lifeboat. The station was reopened in 1914 and is operated by the RNLI.
Beaumaris is served by one primary school. Its 300-year-old grammar school moved to nearby Menai Bridge in 1963 and became the comprehensive Ysgol David Hughes.
According to the United Kingdom Census 2021, 36.8 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Beaumaris can speak Welsh. 56.3 per cent of the population noted that they could speak, read, write or understand Welsh.
The 2011 census noted 39.5 per cent of all usual residents aged 3 years and older in the town could speak Welsh. The 2011 census also noted that 58.7 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ who were born in Wales could speak Welsh. In 2001, 39.7 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Beaumaris could speak Welsh. In 1981, 39.9 per cent of the population could speak Welsh; 10 people were monoglot Welsh speakers.
The Beaumaris Food Festival is an annual food festival that has been held since 2013 in the town and castle grounds.
Notable residents
Memorial to Hugh Davies in St Mary's Church, Beaumaris
Sir Richard Bulkeley (1533–1621), politician and courtier of Elizabeth I, ex officio mayor (1561–1562) and mayor (1562–1563).
Catherine Davies (1773 – after 1841), governess to the children of the King and Queen of Naples and autobiographer.
Hugh Davies (1739–1821) botanist and Anglican clergyman, became rector of Llandegfan with Beaumaris in 1778.
Charles Allen Duval (1810–1872), portrait painter, photographer, illustrator and writer.
Wayne Hennessey (born 1987), Welsh international footballer, approaching 300 club caps and 106 for Wales.[34]
Hendrik Lek (1903–1985) painter and antique dealer, born in Antwerp, Belgium; lived in retirement in Anglesey.
Richard Llwyd (1752–1835), author, poet and genealogist.
Reginald Wynn Owen (1876–1950) architect, worked for the London and North Western Railway.
Neil Sloane (born 1939), mathematician noted for compiling integer sequences.
Namesakes
Beaumaris, the suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and the small seaside town of Beaumaris in Tasmania, were both named after the town.
Beaumaris, the neighbourhood in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, was named after the castle, as was the village of Beaumaris in Muskoka, Ontario.
In popular culture
In 2018, Netflix used Beaumaris as the fictional seaside town (and in particular the pier) for the series Free Rein.
Beaumaris also featured in the 2021 series of Craig and Bruno's Great British Roadtrips. The series followed Strictly Come Dancing stars Craig Revel Horwood and Bruno Tonioli as they visit various North Wales destinations.
The Isle of Anglesey is a county off the north-west coast of Wales. It is named after the island of Anglesey, which makes up 94% of its area, but also includes Holy Island (Ynys Gybi) and some islets and skerries. The county borders Gwynedd across the Menai Strait to the southeast, and is otherwise surrounded by the Irish Sea. Holyhead is the largest town, and the administrative centre is Llangefni. The county is part of the preserved county of Gwynedd.
The Isle of Anglesey is sparsely populated, with an area of 276 square miles (710 km2) and a population of 68,900. After Holyhead (12,103), the largest settlements are Llangefni (5,500) and Amlwch (3,967). The economy of the county is mostly based on agriculture, energy, and tourism, the latter especially on the coast. Holyhead is also a major ferry port for Dublin, Ireland. The county has the second-highest percentage of Welsh speakers in Wales, at 57.2%, and is considered a heartland of the language.
The island of Anglesey, at 676 square kilometres (261 sq mi), is the largest in Wales and the Irish Sea, and the seventh largest in Britain. The northern and eastern coasts of the island are rugged, and the southern and western coasts are generally gentler; the interior is gently undulating. In the north of the island is Llyn Alaw, a reservoir with an area of 1.4 square miles (4 km2). Holy Island has a similar landscape, with a rugged north and west coast and beaches to the east and south. The county is surrounded by smaller islands; several, including South Stack and Puffin Island, are home to seabird colonies. Large parts of the county's coastline have been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The county has many prehistoric monuments, such as Bryn Celli Ddu burial chamber. In the Middle Ages the area was part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd and native Principality of Wales, and the ruling House of Aberffraw maintained courts (Welsh: llysoedd) at Aberffraw and Rhosyr. After Edward I's conquest of Gwynedd he built the castle at Beaumaris, which forms part of the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site. The Menai Strait to the mainland is spanned by the Menai Suspension Bridge, designed by Thomas Telford in 1826, and the Britannia Bridge, originally designed by Robert Stephenson in 1850.
The history of the settlement of the local people of Anglesey starts in the Mesolithic period. Anglesey and the UK were uninhabitable until after the previous ice age. It was not until 12,000 years ago that the island of Great Britain became hospitable. The oldest excavated sites on Anglesey include Trwyn Du (Welsh: Black nose) at Aberffraw. The Mesolithic site located at Aberffraw Bay (Porth Terfyn) was buried underneath a Bronze Age 'kerb cairn' which was constructed c. 2,000 BC. The bowl barrow (kerb cairn) covered a material deposited from the early Mesolithic period; the archeological find dates to 7,000 BC. After millennia of hunter-gather civilisation in the British Isles, the first villages were constructed from 4000 BC. Neolithic settlements were built in the form of long houses, on Anglesey is one of the first villages in Wales, it was built at Llanfaethlu. Also an example permanent settlement on Anglesey is of a Bronze Age built burial mound, Bryn Celli Ddu (English: Dark Grove Hill). The mound started as a henge enclosure around 3000 BC and was adapted several times over a millennium.
There are numerous megalithic monuments and menhirs in the county, testifying to the presence of humans in prehistory. Plas Newydd is near one of 28 cromlechs that remain on uplands overlooking the sea. The Welsh Triads claim that the island of Anglesey was once part of the mainland.
After the Neolithic age, the Bronze Age began (c. 2200 BC – 800 BC). Some sites were continually used for thousands of years from original henge enclosures, then during the Iron Age, and also some of these sites were later adapted by Celts into hillforts and finally were in use during the Roman period (c. 100 AD) as roundhouses. Castell Bryn Gwyn (English: White hill castle, also called Bryn Beddau, or the "hill of graves") near Llanidan, Anglesey is an example of a Neolithic site that became a hillfort that was used until the Roman period by the Ordovices, the local tribe who were defeated in battle by a Roman legion (c. 78 AD). Bronze Age monuments were also built throughout the British Isles. During this period, the Mynydd Bach cairn in South-west Anglesey was being used. It is a Beaker period prehistoric funerary monument.
During the Iron Age the Celts built dwellings huts, also known as roundhouses. These were established near the previous settlements. Some huts with walled enclosures were discovered on the banks of the river (Welsh: afon) Gwna near. An example of a well-preserved hut circle is over the Cymyran Strait on Holy Island. The Holyhead Mountain Hut Circles (Welsh: Tŷ Mawr / Cytiau'r Gwyddelod, Big house / "Irishmen's Huts") were inhabited by ancient Celts and were first occupied before the Iron Age, c. 1000 BC. The Anglesey Iron Age began after 500 BC. Archeological research discovered limpet shells which were found from 200 BC on a wall at Tŷ Mawr and Roman-era pottery from the 3rd to 4th centuries AD. Some of these huts were still being used for agricultural purposes as late as the 6th century. The first excavation of Ty Mawr was conducted by William Owen Stanley of Penrhos, Anglesey (son of Baron Stanley of Alderley).
Historically, Anglesey has long been associated with the druids. The Roman conquest of Anglesey began in 60 CE when the Roman general Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, determined to break the power of the druids, attacked the island using his amphibious Batavian contingent as a surprise vanguard assault and then destroyed the shrine and the nemeta (sacred groves). News of Boudica's revolt reached him just after his victory, causing him to withdraw his army before consolidating his conquest. The island was finally brought into the Roman Empire by Gnaeus Julius Agricola, the Roman governor of Britain, in AD 78. During the Roman occupation, the area was notable for the mining of copper. The foundations of Caer Gybi, a fort in Holyhead, are Roman, and the present road from Holyhead to Llanfairpwllgwyngyll was originally a Roman road. The island was grouped by Ptolemy with Ireland ("Hibernia") rather than with Britain ("Albion").
After the Roman departure from Britain in the early 5th century, pirates from Ireland (Picts) colonised Anglesey and the nearby Llŷn Peninsula. In response to this, Cunedda ap Edern, a Gododdin warlord from Scotland, came to the area and began to drive the Irish out. This was continued by his son Einion Yrth ap Cunedda and grandson Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion; the last Irish invaders were finally defeated in battle in 470.
During the 9th century, King Rhodri Mawr unified Wales and separated the country into at least 3 provinces between his sons. He gave Gwynedd to his son, Anarawd ap Rhodri, who founded the medieval Welsh dynasty, The House of Aberffraw on Anglesey, also his other son Cadell founded House of Dinefwr in Deheubarth, and another son, Merfyn ruled Powys (where the House of Mathrafal emerged). The island had a good defensive position, and so Aberffraw became the site of the royal court (Welsh: Llys) of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. Apart from devastating Danish raids in 853 and 968 in Aberffraw, it remained the capital until the 13th, after Rhodri Mawr had moved his family seat from Caernarfon and built a royal palace at Aberffraw in 873. This is when improvements to the English navy made the location indefensible. Anglesey was also briefly the most southerly possession of the Norwegian Empire.[citation needed]
After the Irish, the island was invaded by Vikings — some raids were noted in famous sagas (see Menai Strait History) such as the Jómsvíkinga— and by Saxons, and Normans, before falling to Edward I of England in the 13th century. The connection with the Vikings can be seen in the name of the island. In ancient times it was called "Maenige" and received the name "Ongulsey" or Angelsoen, from where the current name originates.
Anglesey (with Holy Island) is one of the 13 historic counties of Wales. In medieval times, before the conquest of Wales in 1283, Môn often had periods of temporary independence, when frequently bequeathed to the heirs of kings as a sub-kingdom of Gwynedd, an example of this was Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (Llywelyn I, the Great c. 1200s) who was styled the Prince of Aberffraw. After the Norman invasion of Wales was one of the last times this occurred a few years after 1171, after the death of Owain Gwynedd, when the island was inherited by Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd, and between 1246 and about 1255 when it was granted to Owain Goch as his share of the kingdom. After the conquest of Wales by Edward I, Anglesey became a county under the terms of the Statute of Rhuddlan of 1284. Hitherto it had been divided into the cantrefi of Aberffraw, Rhosyr and Cemaes.
During 1294 as a rebellion of the former house of Aberffraw, Prince Madog ap Llywelyn had attacked King Edward I's castles in North Wales. As a direct response, Beaumaris Castle was constructed to control Edward's interests in Anglesey, however, by the 1320s the build was abandoned and never complete. The castle was besieged by Owain Glyndŵr in the early 15th century. It was ruinous by 1609, however, the 6th Viscount Bulkeley had purchased the castle from Crown the in 1807 and it has been open to the public under the guardianship of the Crown ever since 1925.
The Shire Hall in Llangefni was completed in 1899. During the First World War, the Presbyterian minister and celebrity preacher John Williams toured the island as part of an effort to recruit young men as volunteers. The island's location made it ideal for monitoring German U-Boats in the Irish Sea, with half a dozen airships based at Mona. German POWs were kept on the island. By the end of the war, some 1,000 of the island's men had died on active service.
In 1936 the NSPCC opened its first branch on Anglesey.
During the Second World War, Anglesey received Italian POWs. The island was designated a reception zone, and was home to evacuee children from Liverpool and Manchester.
In 1971, a 100,000 ton per annum aluminum smelter was opened by Rio Tinto Zinc Corporation and British Insulated Callender's Cables with Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation as a 30 per cent partner.
In 1974, Anglesey became a district of the new county of Gwynedd. The Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 abolished the 1974 county and the five districts on 1 April 1996, and Anglesey became a separate unitary authority. In 2011, the Welsh Government appointed a panel of commissioners to administer the council, which meant the elected members were not in control. The commissioners remained until an election was held in May 2013, restoring an elected Council. Before the period of direct administration, there had been a majority of independent councillors. Though members did not generally divide along party lines, these were organised into five non-partisan groups on the council, containing a mix of party and independent candidates. The position has been similar since the election, although the Labour Party has formed a governing coalition with the independents.
Brand new council offices were built at Llangefni in the 1990s for the new Isle of Anglesey County Council.
Anglesey is a low-lying island with low hills spaced evenly over the north. The highest six are Holyhead Mountain, 220 metres (720 ft); Mynydd Bodafon, 178 metres (584 ft); Mynydd Llaneilian, 177 metres (581 ft); Mynydd y Garn, 170 metres (560 ft); Bwrdd Arthur, 164 metres (538 ft); and Mynydd Llwydiarth, 158 metres (518 ft). To the south and south-east, the island is divided from the Welsh mainland by the Menai Strait, which at its narrowest point is about 250 metres (270 yd) wide. In all other directions the island is surrounded by the Irish Sea. At 676 km2 (261 sq mi), it is the 52nd largest island of Europe and just five km2 (1.9 sq mi) smaller than the main island of Singapore.
There are a few natural lakes, mostly in the west, such as Llyn Llywenan, the largest on the island, Llyn Coron, and Cors Cerrig y Daran, but rivers are few and small. There are two large water supply reservoirs operated by Welsh Water. These are Llyn Alaw to the north of the island and Llyn Cefni in the centre of the island, which is fed by the headwaters of the Afon Cefni.
The climate is humid (though less so than neighbouring mountainous Gwynedd) and generally equable thanks to the Gulf Stream. The land is of variable quality and has probably lost some fertility. Anglesey has the northernmost olive grove in Europe and presumably in the world.
The coast of the Isle of Anglesey is more populous than the interior. The largest community is Holyhead, which is located on Holy Island and had a population of 12,103 at the 2021 United Kingdom census. It is followed by Amlwch (3,697), Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf (3,085), and Menai Bridge (3,046), all located on the coast of the island of Anglesey. The largest community in the interior of Anglesey is Llangefni (5,500), the county town; the next-largest is Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog (1,711).
Beaumaris (Welsh: Biwmares) in the east features Beaumaris Castle, built by Edward I during his Bastide campaign in North Wales. Beaumaris is a yachting centre, with boats moored in the bay or off Gallows Point. The village of Newborough (Welsh: Niwbwrch), in the south, created when townsfolk of Llanfaes were relocated for the building of Beaumaris Castle, includes the site of Llys Rhosyr, another court of medieval Welsh princes featuring one of the United Kingdom's oldest courtrooms. The centrally localted Llangefni is the island's administrative centre. The town of Menai Bridge (Welsh: Porthaethwy) in the south-east, expanded to accommodate workers and construction when the first bridge to the mainland was being built. Hitherto Porthaethwy had been one of the main ferry ports for the mainland. A short distance from the town lies Bryn Celli Ddu, a Stone Age burial mound.
Nearby is the village with the longest name in Europe, Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch, and Plas Newydd, ancestral home of the Marquesses of Anglesey. The town of Amlwch lies in the north-east of the island and was once largely industrialised, having grown in the 18th century to support a major copper-mining industry at Parys Mountain.
Other settlements include Cemaes, Pentraeth, Gaerwen, Dwyran, Bodedern, Malltraeth and Rhosneigr. The Anglesey Sea Zoo is a local attraction offering looks at local marine wildlife from common lobsters to congers. All fish and crustaceans on display are caught round the island and placed in habitat reconstructions. The zoo also breeds lobsters commercially for food and oysters for pearls, both from local stocks. Sea salt (Halen Môn, from local sea water) is produced in a facility nearby, having formerly been made at the Sea Zoo site.
Landmarks
Anglesey Motor Racing Circuit
Anglesey Sea Zoo near Dwyran
Bays and beaches – Benllech, Cemlyn, Red Wharf, and Rhosneigr
Beaumaris Castle and Gaol
Cribinau – tidal island with 13th-century church
Elin's Tower (Twr Elin) – RSPB reserve and the lighthouse at South Stack (Ynys Lawd) near Holyhead
King Arthur's seat – near Beaumaris
Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, one of the longest place names in the world
Malltraeth – centre for bird life and home of wildlife artist Charles Tunnicliffe
Moelfre – fishing village
Parys Mountain – copper mine dating to the early Bronze Age
Penmon – priory and dovecote
Skerries Lighthouse – at the end of a low piece of submerged land, north-east of Holyhead
Stone Science Museum – privately run fossil museum near Pentraeth
Swtan longhouse and museum – owned by the National Trust and managed by the local community
Working windmill – Llanddeusant
Ynys Llanddwyn (Llanddwyn Island) – tidal island
St Cybi's Church Historic church in Holyhead
Born in Anglesey
Tony Adams – actor (Anglesey, 1940)
Stu Allan – radio and club DJ
John C. Clarke – U.S. state politician (Anglesey, 1831)
Grace Coddington – creative director for US Vogue (Anglesey, 1941)
Charles Allen Duval – artist and writer (Beaumaris, 1810)
Dawn French – actress, writer, comedian (Holyhead, 1957)
Huw Garmon – actor (Anglesey, 1966)
Hugh Griffith – Oscar-winning actor (Marianglas, 1912)
Elen Gwdman – poet (fl. 1609)
Meinir Gwilym – singer and songwriter (Llangristiolus, 1983)
Owain Gwynedd – royal prince (Anglesey, c. 1100)
Hywel Gwynfryn – radio and TV personality (Llangefni, 1942)
Aled Jones – singer and television presenter (Llandegfan, 1970)
John Jones – amateur astronomer (Bryngwyn Bach, Dwyran 1818 – Bangor 1898); a.k.a. Ioan Bryngwyn Bach and Y Seryddwr
William Jones – mathematician (Llanfihangel Tre'r Beirdd, 1675)
Julian Lewis Jones – actor, known for his portrayal of Karl Morris on the Sky 1 comedy Stella (Anglesey, 1968)
John Morris-Jones – grammarian and poet (Llandrygarn, 1864)
Edward Owen – 18th-century artist, notable for letters documenting life in London's art scene
Goronwy Owen – 18th-century poet (Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf, 1723)
Osian Roberts – association football player and manager (Bodffordd)
Tecwyn Roberts – NASA aerospace engineer and Director of Networks at Goddard Space Flight Center (Llanddaniel Fab, 1925)
Hugh Owen Thomas – pioneering orthopaedic surgeon (Anglesey, 1836)
Ifor Owen Thomas – operatic tenor, photographer and artist (Red Wharf Bay, 1892)
Sefnyn – medieval court poet
Owen Tudor – grandfather of Henry Tudor, married the widow of Henry V, which gave the Tudor family a claim on the English throne (Anglesey, c. 1400).
Kyffin Williams – landscape painter (Llangefni, 1918)
William Williams – recipient of the Victoria Cross (Amlwch, 1890)
Andy Whitfield – actor (Amlwch, 1971)
Gareth Williams – employee of Britain's GCHQ signals intelligence agency (Anglesey, 1978)
Beaumaris Castle in Beaumaris, Anglesey, Wales, was built as part of Edward I's campaign to conquer north Wales after 1282. Plans were probably first made to construct the castle in 1284, but this was delayed due to lack of funds and work only began in 1295 following the Madog ap Llywelyn uprising. A substantial workforce was employed in the initial years under the direction of James of St George. Edward's invasion of Scotland soon diverted funding from the project, however, and work stopped, only recommencing after an invasion scare in 1306. When work finally ceased around 1330 a total of £15,000 had been spent, a huge sum for the period, but the castle remained incomplete.
Beaumaris Castle was taken by Welsh forces in 1403 during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr, but recaptured by royal forces in 1405.
In March 1592, the Welsh Roman Catholic priest and martyr William Davies was imprisoned in the castle, and was eventually hanged, drawn and quartered there on 27 July 1593.
Following the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, the castle was held by forces loyal to Charles I, holding out until 1646 when it surrendered to the Parliamentary armies. Despite forming part of a local royalist rebellion in 1648, the castle escaped slighting and was garrisoned by Parliament, but fell into ruin around 1660, eventually forming part of a stately home and park in the 19th century. In the 21st century, the ruined castle is still a tourist attraction.
Historian Arnold Taylor described Beaumaris Castle as Britain's "most perfect example of symmetrical concentric planning". The fortification is built of local stone, with a moated outer ward guarded by twelve towers and two gatehouses, overlooked by an inner ward with two large, D-shaped gatehouses and six massive towers. The inner ward was designed to contain ranges of domestic buildings and accommodation able to support two major households. The south gate could be reached by ship, allowing the castle to be directly supplied by sea. UNESCO considers Beaumaris to be one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe", and it is classed as a World Heritage Site.
The kings of England and the Welsh princes had vied for control of North Wales since the 1070s and the conflict had been renewed during the 13th century, leading to Edward I intervening in North Wales for the second time during his reign in 1282. Edward invaded with a huge army, pushing north from Carmarthen and westwards from Montgomery and Chester. Edward decided to permanently colonise North Wales and provisions for its governance were set out in the Statute of Rhuddlan, enacted on 3 March 1284. Wales was divided into counties and shires, emulating how England was governed, with three new shires created in the north-west, Caernarfon, Merioneth and Anglesey.[6] New towns with protective castles were established at Caernarfon and Harlech, the administrative centres of the first two shires, with another castle and walled town built in nearby Conwy, and plans were probably made to establish a similar castle and settlement near the town of Llanfaes on Anglesey. Llanfaes was the wealthiest borough in Wales and largest in terms of population, an important trading port and on the preferred route from North Wales to Ireland. The huge cost of building the other castles, however, meant that the Llanfaes project had to be postponed.
In 1294 Madog ap Llywelyn rebelled against English rule.[The revolt was bloody and amongst the casualties was Roger de Pulesdon, the sheriff of Anglesey. Edward suppressed the rebellion over the winter and once Anglesey was reoccupied in April 1295 he immediately began to progress the delayed plans to fortify the area. The chosen site was called Beaumaris, meaning "fair marsh", whose name derives from the Norman-French Beau Mareys, and in Latin the castle was termed de Bello Marisco. This was about 1 mile (1.6 km) from Llanfaes and the decision was therefore taken to move the Welsh population of Llanfaes some 12 miles (19 km) south-west, where a settlement by the name of Newborough was created for them. The deportation of the local Welsh opened the way for the construction of a prosperous English town, protected by a substantial castle.
The castle was positioned in one corner of the town, following a similar town plan to that in the town of Conwy, although in Beaumaris no town walls were constructed at first, despite some foundations being laid.[10] Work began in the summer of 1295, overseen by Master James of St George. James had been appointed the "master of the king's works in Wales", reflecting the responsibility he had in their construction and design. From 1295 onwards, Beaumaris became his primary responsibility and more frequently he was given the title "magister operacionum de Bello Marisco". The work was recorded in considerable detail on the pipe rolls, the continuous records of medieval royal expenditure, and, as a result, the early stages of construction at Beaumaris are relatively well understood for the period.
A huge amount of work was undertaken in the first summer, with an average of 1,800 workmen, 450 stonemasons and 375 quarriers on the site. This consumed around £270 a week in wages and the project rapidly fell into arrears, forcing officials to issue leather tokens instead of paying the workforce with normal coinage. The centre of the castle was filled with temporary huts to house the workforce over the winter. The following spring, James explained to his employers some of the difficulties and the high costs involved:
In case you should wonder where so much money could go in a week, we would have you know that we have needed – and shall continue to need 400 masons, both cutters and layers, together with 2,000 less skilled workmen, 100 carts, 60 wagons and 30 boats bringing stone and sea coal; 200 quarrymen; 30 smiths; and carpenters for putting in the joists and floor boards and other necessary jobs. All this takes no account of the garrison ... nor of purchases of material. Of which there will have to be a great quantity ... The men's pay has been and still is very much in arrears, and we are having the greatest difficulty in keeping them because they have simply nothing to live on.
The construction slowed during 1296, although debts continued to build up, and work dropped off further the following year, stopping entirely by 1300, by when around £11,000 had been spent. The halt was primarily the result of Edward's new wars in Scotland, which had begun to consume his attention and financial resources, but it left the castle only partially complete: the inner walls and towers were only a fraction of their proper height and the north and north-west sides lacked outer defences altogether. In 1306 Edward became concerned about a possible Scottish invasion of North Wales, but the unfinished castle had already fallen into a poor state of repair. Work recommenced on completing the outer defences, first under James' direction and then, after his death in 1309, Master Nicolas de Derneford. This work finally halted in 1330 with the castle still not built to its intended height; by the end of the project, £15,000 had been spent, a colossal sum for the period. A royal survey in 1343 suggested that at least a further £684 would be needed to complete the castle, but this was never invested.
In 1400 a revolt broke out in North Wales against English rule, led by Owain Glyndŵr. Beaumaris Castle was placed under siege and captured by the rebels in 1403, being retaken by royal forces in 1405. The castle was ill-maintained and fell into disrepair and by 1534, when Roland de Velville was the castle constable, rain was leaking into most of the rooms. In 1539 a report complained that it was protected by an arsenal of only eight or ten small guns and forty bows, which the castle's new constable, Richard Bulkeley, considered to be completely inadequate for protecting the fortress against a potential Scottish attack. Matters worsened and by 1609 the castle was classed as "utterlie decayed".
The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between the Royalist supporters of Charles I and the supporters of Parliament. Beaumaris Castle was a strategic location in the war, as it controlled part of the route between the king's bases in Ireland and his operations in England. Thomas Bulkeley, whose family had been involved in the management of the castle for several centuries, held Beaumaris for the king and may have spent around £3,000 improving its defences. By 1646, however, Parliament had defeated the royal armies and the castle was surrendered by Colonel Richard Bulkeley in June. Anglesey revolted against Parliament again in 1648, and Beaumaris was briefly reoccupied by royalist forces, surrendering for a second time in October that year.
After the war many castles were slighted, damaged to put them beyond military use, but Parliament was concerned about the threat of a royalist invasion from Scotland and Beaumaris was spared. Colonel John Jones became the castle governor and a garrison was installed inside, at a cost of £1,703 a year. When Charles II returned to the throne in 1660 and restored the Bulkeley family as castle constables, Beaumaris appears to have been stripped of its valuable lead and remaining resources, including the roofs.
Lord Thomas Bulkeley bought the castle from the Crown in 1807 for £735, incorporating it into the park that surrounded his local residence, Baron Hill. By then the castles of North Wales had become attractive locations for visiting painters and travellers, who considered the ivy-clad ruins romantic. Although not as popular as other sites in the region, Beaumaris formed part of this trend and was visited by the future Queen Victoria in 1832 for an Eisteddfod festival and it was painted by J. M. W. Turner in 1835. Some of the castle's stones may have been reused in 1829 to build the nearby Beaumaris Gaol.
In 1925 Richard Williams-Bulkeley retained the freehold and placed the castle into the care of the Commissioners of Works, who then carried out a large scale restoration programme, stripping back the vegetation, digging out the moat and repairing the stonework. In 1950 the castle, considered by the authorities to be "one of the outstanding Edwardian medieval castles of Wales", was designated as a Grade I listed building – the highest grade of listing, protecting buildings of "exceptional, usually national, interest".
Beaumaris was declared part of the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site in 1986, UNESCO considering it one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe". In the 21st century Beaumaris Castle is managed by Cadw, the Welsh Assembly Government's agency for historic monuments, as a tourist attraction, with 75,000 visitors during the 2007–08 financial year. The castle requires ongoing maintenance and repairs cost £58,000 over the 2002–03 financial year.
Beaumaris Castle was never fully built, but had it been completed it would probably have closely resembled Harlech Castle. Both castles are concentric in plan, with walls within walls, although Beaumaris is the more regular in design. Historian Arnold Taylor described Beaumaris as Britain's "most perfect example of symmetrical concentric planning" and for many years the castle was regarded as the pinnacle of military engineering during Edward I's reign. This evolutionary interpretation is now disputed by historians: Beaumaris was as much a royal palace and symbol of English power as it was a straightforward defensive fortification. Nonetheless, the castle is praised by UNESCO as a "unique artistic achievement" for the way in which it combines "characteristic 13th century double-wall structures with a central plan" and for the beauty of its "proportions and masonry".
Beaumaris Castle was built at around sea-level on top of the till and other sediments that form the local coastline, and was constructed from local Anglesey stone from within 10 miles (16 km) of the site, with some stones brought along the coast by ship, for example from the limestone quarries at Penmon. The stone was a mixture of limestone, sandstone and green schists, which was used fairly randomly within the walls and towers; the use of schists ceased after the pause in the building work in 1298 and as a result is limited to the lower levels of the walls.
The castle design formed an inner and an outer ward, surrounded in turn by a moat, now partially filled. The main entrance to the castle was the Gate next the Sea, next to the castle's tidal dock that allowed it to be supplied directly by sea. The dock was protected by a wall later named the Gunners Walk and a firing platform that may have housed a trebuchet siege engine during the medieval period. The Gate next the Sea led into an outer barbican, protected by a drawbridge, arrow slits and murder-holes, leading on into the outer ward.
The outer ward consisted of an eight-sided curtain wall with twelve turrets enclosing an area approximately 60 feet (18 m) across; one gateway led out to the Gate next the Sea, the other, the Llanfaes Gate, led out to the north side of the castle. The defences were originally equipped with around 300 firing positions for archers, including 164 arrow slits, although 64 of the slits close to the ground level have since been blocked in to prevent them being exploited by attackers, either in the early 15th century or during the Civil War.
The walls of the inner ward were more substantial than those of the outer ward, 36-foot (11 m) high and 15.5-foot (4.7 m) thick, with huge towers and two large gatehouses, enclosing a 0.75-acre (0.30 ha) area. The inner ward was intended to hold the accommodation and other domestic buildings of the castle, with ranges of buildings stretching along the west and east sides of the ward; some of the remains of the fireplaces for these buildings can still be seen in the stonework. It is uncertain if these ranges were actually ever built or if they were constructed but later demolished after the Civil War. If finished, the castle would have been able to host two substantial households and their followers, for example the king and queen, or the king, queen and a prince and his own wife.
The D-shaped north gatehouse in the inner ward was intended to be two storeys high, with two sets of five, large windows, of which only one floor was actually completed. It would have included a large hall on the first floor, around 70 feet (21 m) by 25 feet (7.6 m) across, divided into two with separate fireplaces for heating. The south gatehouse was designed to be a replica of that on the north side, but building work progressed even less far before finishing in 1330. Some of the stonework may since have been removed from the gatehouse, reducing its height even further.
The walls of the inner ward contain extensive first floor passageways, similar to those at Caernarfon Castle. These were intended to allow members of the castle to move between the towers, accessing the guardrooms, sleeping chambers and the castle latrines. The latrines were designed to be drained by a special system using the water from the moat, but the system does not appear to have worked well in practice. The six towers were intended to be three storeys high and contained fireplaces. The castle chapel was built into one of the towers and would have been used by the king and his family, rather than the wider garrison.
Beaumaris is a town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, of which it is the former county town of Anglesey. It is located at the eastern entrance to the Menai Strait, the tidal waterway separating Anglesey from the coast of North Wales. At the 2011 census, its population was 1,938. The community includes Llanfaes.
Beaumaris was originally a Viking settlement known as Porth y Wygyr ("Port of the Vikings"), but the town itself began its development in 1295 when Edward I of England, having conquered Wales, commissioned the building of Beaumaris Castle as part of a chain of fortifications around the North Wales coast (others include Conwy, Caernarfon and Harlech).
The castle was built on a marsh and that is where it found its name; the Norman-French builders called it beaux marais, which translates as "fair marsh".
The ancient village of Llanfaes, a mile to the north of Beaumaris, had been occupied by Anglo-Saxons in 818 but had been regained by Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd, and remained a vital strategic settlement. To counter further Welsh uprisings, and to ensure control of the Menai Strait, Edward I chose the flat coastal plain as the place to build Beaumaris Castle. The castle was designed by the Savoyard mason Master James of Saint George and is considered the most perfect example of a concentric castle. The 'troublesome' residents of Llanfaes were removed en bloc to Rhosyr in the west of Anglesey, a new settlement King Edward entitled "Newborough".
Beaumaris was awarded a royal charter by Edward I, which was drawn up on similar terms to the charters of his other castle towns in North Wales and intended to invest only the English and Norman-French residents with civic rights. Native Welsh residents of Beaumaris were largely disqualified from holding any civic office, carrying any weapon, and holding assemblies; and were not allowed to buy houses or land within the borough. The charter also specifically prohibited Jews (who had been largely expelled from most English towns) from living in Beaumaris.
From 1562 until the Reform Act 1832, Beaumaris was a Rotten Borough with the member of parliament elected by the Corporation of the town which was in the control of the Bulkeley family.
Beaumaris was the port of registration for all vessels in North West Wales, covering every harbour on Anglesey and all the ports from Conwy to Pwllheli. Shipbuilding was a major industry in Beaumaris. This was centred on Gallows Point – a nearby spit of land extending into the Menai Strait about a mile west of the town. Gallows Point had originally been called "Osmund's Eyre" but was renamed when the town gallows was erected there – along with a "Dead House" for the corpses of criminals dispatched in public executions. Later, hangings were carried out at the town gaol and the bodies buried in a lime-pit within the curtilage of the gaol. One of the last prisoners to hang at Beaumaris issued a curse before he died – decreeing that if he was innocent the four faces of the church clock would never show the same time.
According to historian Hywel Teifi Edwards, when the "Provincial Eisteddfod" was held at Beaumaris in 1832, a young Princess Victoria and her mother were in attendance.
Beaumaris has never had a railway station built to the town, although the nearby village of Pentraeth had a station on the former Red Wharf Bay branch line which ran off the Anglesey Central Railway. It was roughly six miles west of the town by road. This station closed in 1930.
Notable buildings in the town include the castle, a courthouse built in 1614, the 14th-century St Mary's and St Nicholas's Church, Beaumaris Gaol, the 14th-century Tudor Rose (one of the oldest original timber-framed buildings in Britain) and the Bulls Head Inn, built in 1472, which General Thomas Mytton made his headquarters during the "Siege of Beaumaris" during the second English Civil War in 1648.
A native of Anglesey, David Hughes, founded Beaumaris Grammar School in 1603. It became a non-selective school in 1952 when Anglesey County Council became the first authority in Britain to adopt comprehensive secondary education. The school was eventually moved to Menai Bridge and only the ancient hall of the original school building now remains. Beaumaris Town Hall was completed in 1785.
Beaumaris Pier, opened in 1846, was designed by Frederick Foster and is a masonry jetty on wooden and concrete pilings. The pier was rebuilt and extended to 570 feet (170 m) after storm damage in 1872, and a large pavilion containing a cafe was built at the end. It was once the landing stage for steamships of the Liverpool and North Wales Shipping Company, including the Snowdon, La Marguerite, St. Elvies and St. Trillo, although the larger vessels in its fleet – the St. Seriol and St. Tudno – were too large for the pier and landed their passengers at Menai Bridge. In the 1960s, through lack of maintenance, the pier became unsafe and was threatened with demolition, but local yachtswoman and lifeboat secretary Miss Mary Burton made a large private donation to ensure the pier was saved for the town. A further reconstruction was carried out between 2010 and 2012.
The Saunders Roe company set up a factory at Fryars (the site of the old Franciscan friary to the east) when it was feared that the company's main base on the Isle of Wight would be a target for World War II Luftwaffe bombers. The factory converted American-built PBY Catalina flying boats. After the war, the company focused on their ship building produced at the site with fast patrol boats, minesweepers and an experimental Austin Float Plane. They also produced buses for London Transport (RT Double deckers) and single deck buses for Cuba.
The first recorded rescue of people in difficulty at sea was in 1830 when 375 people were rescued from a foundered emigrant ship. A lifeboat station was established in 1891 and closed four years later when a neighbouring station was provided with a more powerful lifeboat. The station was reopened in 1914 and is operated by the RNLI.
Beaumaris is served by one primary school. Its 300-year-old grammar school moved to nearby Menai Bridge in 1963 and became the comprehensive Ysgol David Hughes.
According to the United Kingdom Census 2021, 36.8 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Beaumaris can speak Welsh. 56.3 per cent of the population noted that they could speak, read, write or understand Welsh.
The 2011 census noted 39.5 per cent of all usual residents aged 3 years and older in the town could speak Welsh. The 2011 census also noted that 58.7 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ who were born in Wales could speak Welsh. In 2001, 39.7 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Beaumaris could speak Welsh. In 1981, 39.9 per cent of the population could speak Welsh; 10 people were monoglot Welsh speakers.
The Beaumaris Food Festival is an annual food festival that has been held since 2013 in the town and castle grounds.
Notable residents
Memorial to Hugh Davies in St Mary's Church, Beaumaris
Sir Richard Bulkeley (1533–1621), politician and courtier of Elizabeth I, ex officio mayor (1561–1562) and mayor (1562–1563).
Catherine Davies (1773 – after 1841), governess to the children of the King and Queen of Naples and autobiographer.
Hugh Davies (1739–1821) botanist and Anglican clergyman, became rector of Llandegfan with Beaumaris in 1778.
Charles Allen Duval (1810–1872), portrait painter, photographer, illustrator and writer.
Wayne Hennessey (born 1987), Welsh international footballer, approaching 300 club caps and 106 for Wales.[34]
Hendrik Lek (1903–1985) painter and antique dealer, born in Antwerp, Belgium; lived in retirement in Anglesey.
Richard Llwyd (1752–1835), author, poet and genealogist.
Reginald Wynn Owen (1876–1950) architect, worked for the London and North Western Railway.
Neil Sloane (born 1939), mathematician noted for compiling integer sequences.
Namesakes
Beaumaris, the suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and the small seaside town of Beaumaris in Tasmania, were both named after the town.
Beaumaris, the neighbourhood in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, was named after the castle, as was the village of Beaumaris in Muskoka, Ontario.
In popular culture
In 2018, Netflix used Beaumaris as the fictional seaside town (and in particular the pier) for the series Free Rein.
Beaumaris also featured in the 2021 series of Craig and Bruno's Great British Roadtrips. The series followed Strictly Come Dancing stars Craig Revel Horwood and Bruno Tonioli as they visit various North Wales destinations.
The Isle of Anglesey is a county off the north-west coast of Wales. It is named after the island of Anglesey, which makes up 94% of its area, but also includes Holy Island (Ynys Gybi) and some islets and skerries. The county borders Gwynedd across the Menai Strait to the southeast, and is otherwise surrounded by the Irish Sea. Holyhead is the largest town, and the administrative centre is Llangefni. The county is part of the preserved county of Gwynedd.
The Isle of Anglesey is sparsely populated, with an area of 276 square miles (710 km2) and a population of 68,900. After Holyhead (12,103), the largest settlements are Llangefni (5,500) and Amlwch (3,967). The economy of the county is mostly based on agriculture, energy, and tourism, the latter especially on the coast. Holyhead is also a major ferry port for Dublin, Ireland. The county has the second-highest percentage of Welsh speakers in Wales, at 57.2%, and is considered a heartland of the language.
The island of Anglesey, at 676 square kilometres (261 sq mi), is the largest in Wales and the Irish Sea, and the seventh largest in Britain. The northern and eastern coasts of the island are rugged, and the southern and western coasts are generally gentler; the interior is gently undulating. In the north of the island is Llyn Alaw, a reservoir with an area of 1.4 square miles (4 km2). Holy Island has a similar landscape, with a rugged north and west coast and beaches to the east and south. The county is surrounded by smaller islands; several, including South Stack and Puffin Island, are home to seabird colonies. Large parts of the county's coastline have been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The county has many prehistoric monuments, such as Bryn Celli Ddu burial chamber. In the Middle Ages the area was part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd and native Principality of Wales, and the ruling House of Aberffraw maintained courts (Welsh: llysoedd) at Aberffraw and Rhosyr. After Edward I's conquest of Gwynedd he built the castle at Beaumaris, which forms part of the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site. The Menai Strait to the mainland is spanned by the Menai Suspension Bridge, designed by Thomas Telford in 1826, and the Britannia Bridge, originally designed by Robert Stephenson in 1850.
The history of the settlement of the local people of Anglesey starts in the Mesolithic period. Anglesey and the UK were uninhabitable until after the previous ice age. It was not until 12,000 years ago that the island of Great Britain became hospitable. The oldest excavated sites on Anglesey include Trwyn Du (Welsh: Black nose) at Aberffraw. The Mesolithic site located at Aberffraw Bay (Porth Terfyn) was buried underneath a Bronze Age 'kerb cairn' which was constructed c. 2,000 BC. The bowl barrow (kerb cairn) covered a material deposited from the early Mesolithic period; the archeological find dates to 7,000 BC. After millennia of hunter-gather civilisation in the British Isles, the first villages were constructed from 4000 BC. Neolithic settlements were built in the form of long houses, on Anglesey is one of the first villages in Wales, it was built at Llanfaethlu. Also an example permanent settlement on Anglesey is of a Bronze Age built burial mound, Bryn Celli Ddu (English: Dark Grove Hill). The mound started as a henge enclosure around 3000 BC and was adapted several times over a millennium.
There are numerous megalithic monuments and menhirs in the county, testifying to the presence of humans in prehistory. Plas Newydd is near one of 28 cromlechs that remain on uplands overlooking the sea. The Welsh Triads claim that the island of Anglesey was once part of the mainland.
After the Neolithic age, the Bronze Age began (c. 2200 BC – 800 BC). Some sites were continually used for thousands of years from original henge enclosures, then during the Iron Age, and also some of these sites were later adapted by Celts into hillforts and finally were in use during the Roman period (c. 100 AD) as roundhouses. Castell Bryn Gwyn (English: White hill castle, also called Bryn Beddau, or the "hill of graves") near Llanidan, Anglesey is an example of a Neolithic site that became a hillfort that was used until the Roman period by the Ordovices, the local tribe who were defeated in battle by a Roman legion (c. 78 AD). Bronze Age monuments were also built throughout the British Isles. During this period, the Mynydd Bach cairn in South-west Anglesey was being used. It is a Beaker period prehistoric funerary monument.
During the Iron Age the Celts built dwellings huts, also known as roundhouses. These were established near the previous settlements. Some huts with walled enclosures were discovered on the banks of the river (Welsh: afon) Gwna near. An example of a well-preserved hut circle is over the Cymyran Strait on Holy Island. The Holyhead Mountain Hut Circles (Welsh: Tŷ Mawr / Cytiau'r Gwyddelod, Big house / "Irishmen's Huts") were inhabited by ancient Celts and were first occupied before the Iron Age, c. 1000 BC. The Anglesey Iron Age began after 500 BC. Archeological research discovered limpet shells which were found from 200 BC on a wall at Tŷ Mawr and Roman-era pottery from the 3rd to 4th centuries AD. Some of these huts were still being used for agricultural purposes as late as the 6th century. The first excavation of Ty Mawr was conducted by William Owen Stanley of Penrhos, Anglesey (son of Baron Stanley of Alderley).
Historically, Anglesey has long been associated with the druids. The Roman conquest of Anglesey began in 60 CE when the Roman general Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, determined to break the power of the druids, attacked the island using his amphibious Batavian contingent as a surprise vanguard assault and then destroyed the shrine and the nemeta (sacred groves). News of Boudica's revolt reached him just after his victory, causing him to withdraw his army before consolidating his conquest. The island was finally brought into the Roman Empire by Gnaeus Julius Agricola, the Roman governor of Britain, in AD 78. During the Roman occupation, the area was notable for the mining of copper. The foundations of Caer Gybi, a fort in Holyhead, are Roman, and the present road from Holyhead to Llanfairpwllgwyngyll was originally a Roman road. The island was grouped by Ptolemy with Ireland ("Hibernia") rather than with Britain ("Albion").
After the Roman departure from Britain in the early 5th century, pirates from Ireland (Picts) colonised Anglesey and the nearby Llŷn Peninsula. In response to this, Cunedda ap Edern, a Gododdin warlord from Scotland, came to the area and began to drive the Irish out. This was continued by his son Einion Yrth ap Cunedda and grandson Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion; the last Irish invaders were finally defeated in battle in 470.
During the 9th century, King Rhodri Mawr unified Wales and separated the country into at least 3 provinces between his sons. He gave Gwynedd to his son, Anarawd ap Rhodri, who founded the medieval Welsh dynasty, The House of Aberffraw on Anglesey, also his other son Cadell founded House of Dinefwr in Deheubarth, and another son, Merfyn ruled Powys (where the House of Mathrafal emerged). The island had a good defensive position, and so Aberffraw became the site of the royal court (Welsh: Llys) of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. Apart from devastating Danish raids in 853 and 968 in Aberffraw, it remained the capital until the 13th, after Rhodri Mawr had moved his family seat from Caernarfon and built a royal palace at Aberffraw in 873. This is when improvements to the English navy made the location indefensible. Anglesey was also briefly the most southerly possession of the Norwegian Empire.[citation needed]
After the Irish, the island was invaded by Vikings — some raids were noted in famous sagas (see Menai Strait History) such as the Jómsvíkinga— and by Saxons, and Normans, before falling to Edward I of England in the 13th century. The connection with the Vikings can be seen in the name of the island. In ancient times it was called "Maenige" and received the name "Ongulsey" or Angelsoen, from where the current name originates.
Anglesey (with Holy Island) is one of the 13 historic counties of Wales. In medieval times, before the conquest of Wales in 1283, Môn often had periods of temporary independence, when frequently bequeathed to the heirs of kings as a sub-kingdom of Gwynedd, an example of this was Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (Llywelyn I, the Great c. 1200s) who was styled the Prince of Aberffraw. After the Norman invasion of Wales was one of the last times this occurred a few years after 1171, after the death of Owain Gwynedd, when the island was inherited by Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd, and between 1246 and about 1255 when it was granted to Owain Goch as his share of the kingdom. After the conquest of Wales by Edward I, Anglesey became a county under the terms of the Statute of Rhuddlan of 1284. Hitherto it had been divided into the cantrefi of Aberffraw, Rhosyr and Cemaes.
During 1294 as a rebellion of the former house of Aberffraw, Prince Madog ap Llywelyn had attacked King Edward I's castles in North Wales. As a direct response, Beaumaris Castle was constructed to control Edward's interests in Anglesey, however, by the 1320s the build was abandoned and never complete. The castle was besieged by Owain Glyndŵr in the early 15th century. It was ruinous by 1609, however, the 6th Viscount Bulkeley had purchased the castle from Crown the in 1807 and it has been open to the public under the guardianship of the Crown ever since 1925.
The Shire Hall in Llangefni was completed in 1899. During the First World War, the Presbyterian minister and celebrity preacher John Williams toured the island as part of an effort to recruit young men as volunteers. The island's location made it ideal for monitoring German U-Boats in the Irish Sea, with half a dozen airships based at Mona. German POWs were kept on the island. By the end of the war, some 1,000 of the island's men had died on active service.
In 1936 the NSPCC opened its first branch on Anglesey.
During the Second World War, Anglesey received Italian POWs. The island was designated a reception zone, and was home to evacuee children from Liverpool and Manchester.
In 1971, a 100,000 ton per annum aluminum smelter was opened by Rio Tinto Zinc Corporation and British Insulated Callender's Cables with Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation as a 30 per cent partner.
In 1974, Anglesey became a district of the new county of Gwynedd. The Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 abolished the 1974 county and the five districts on 1 April 1996, and Anglesey became a separate unitary authority. In 2011, the Welsh Government appointed a panel of commissioners to administer the council, which meant the elected members were not in control. The commissioners remained until an election was held in May 2013, restoring an elected Council. Before the period of direct administration, there had been a majority of independent councillors. Though members did not generally divide along party lines, these were organised into five non-partisan groups on the council, containing a mix of party and independent candidates. The position has been similar since the election, although the Labour Party has formed a governing coalition with the independents.
Brand new council offices were built at Llangefni in the 1990s for the new Isle of Anglesey County Council.
Anglesey is a low-lying island with low hills spaced evenly over the north. The highest six are Holyhead Mountain, 220 metres (720 ft); Mynydd Bodafon, 178 metres (584 ft); Mynydd Llaneilian, 177 metres (581 ft); Mynydd y Garn, 170 metres (560 ft); Bwrdd Arthur, 164 metres (538 ft); and Mynydd Llwydiarth, 158 metres (518 ft). To the south and south-east, the island is divided from the Welsh mainland by the Menai Strait, which at its narrowest point is about 250 metres (270 yd) wide. In all other directions the island is surrounded by the Irish Sea. At 676 km2 (261 sq mi), it is the 52nd largest island of Europe and just five km2 (1.9 sq mi) smaller than the main island of Singapore.
There are a few natural lakes, mostly in the west, such as Llyn Llywenan, the largest on the island, Llyn Coron, and Cors Cerrig y Daran, but rivers are few and small. There are two large water supply reservoirs operated by Welsh Water. These are Llyn Alaw to the north of the island and Llyn Cefni in the centre of the island, which is fed by the headwaters of the Afon Cefni.
The climate is humid (though less so than neighbouring mountainous Gwynedd) and generally equable thanks to the Gulf Stream. The land is of variable quality and has probably lost some fertility. Anglesey has the northernmost olive grove in Europe and presumably in the world.
The coast of the Isle of Anglesey is more populous than the interior. The largest community is Holyhead, which is located on Holy Island and had a population of 12,103 at the 2021 United Kingdom census. It is followed by Amlwch (3,697), Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf (3,085), and Menai Bridge (3,046), all located on the coast of the island of Anglesey. The largest community in the interior of Anglesey is Llangefni (5,500), the county town; the next-largest is Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog (1,711).
Beaumaris (Welsh: Biwmares) in the east features Beaumaris Castle, built by Edward I during his Bastide campaign in North Wales. Beaumaris is a yachting centre, with boats moored in the bay or off Gallows Point. The village of Newborough (Welsh: Niwbwrch), in the south, created when townsfolk of Llanfaes were relocated for the building of Beaumaris Castle, includes the site of Llys Rhosyr, another court of medieval Welsh princes featuring one of the United Kingdom's oldest courtrooms. The centrally localted Llangefni is the island's administrative centre. The town of Menai Bridge (Welsh: Porthaethwy) in the south-east, expanded to accommodate workers and construction when the first bridge to the mainland was being built. Hitherto Porthaethwy had been one of the main ferry ports for the mainland. A short distance from the town lies Bryn Celli Ddu, a Stone Age burial mound.
Nearby is the village with the longest name in Europe, Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch, and Plas Newydd, ancestral home of the Marquesses of Anglesey. The town of Amlwch lies in the north-east of the island and was once largely industrialised, having grown in the 18th century to support a major copper-mining industry at Parys Mountain.
Other settlements include Cemaes, Pentraeth, Gaerwen, Dwyran, Bodedern, Malltraeth and Rhosneigr. The Anglesey Sea Zoo is a local attraction offering looks at local marine wildlife from common lobsters to congers. All fish and crustaceans on display are caught round the island and placed in habitat reconstructions. The zoo also breeds lobsters commercially for food and oysters for pearls, both from local stocks. Sea salt (Halen Môn, from local sea water) is produced in a facility nearby, having formerly been made at the Sea Zoo site.
Landmarks
Anglesey Motor Racing Circuit
Anglesey Sea Zoo near Dwyran
Bays and beaches – Benllech, Cemlyn, Red Wharf, and Rhosneigr
Beaumaris Castle and Gaol
Cribinau – tidal island with 13th-century church
Elin's Tower (Twr Elin) – RSPB reserve and the lighthouse at South Stack (Ynys Lawd) near Holyhead
King Arthur's seat – near Beaumaris
Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, one of the longest place names in the world
Malltraeth – centre for bird life and home of wildlife artist Charles Tunnicliffe
Moelfre – fishing village
Parys Mountain – copper mine dating to the early Bronze Age
Penmon – priory and dovecote
Skerries Lighthouse – at the end of a low piece of submerged land, north-east of Holyhead
Stone Science Museum – privately run fossil museum near Pentraeth
Swtan longhouse and museum – owned by the National Trust and managed by the local community
Working windmill – Llanddeusant
Ynys Llanddwyn (Llanddwyn Island) – tidal island
St Cybi's Church Historic church in Holyhead
Born in Anglesey
Tony Adams – actor (Anglesey, 1940)
Stu Allan – radio and club DJ
John C. Clarke – U.S. state politician (Anglesey, 1831)
Grace Coddington – creative director for US Vogue (Anglesey, 1941)
Charles Allen Duval – artist and writer (Beaumaris, 1810)
Dawn French – actress, writer, comedian (Holyhead, 1957)
Huw Garmon – actor (Anglesey, 1966)
Hugh Griffith – Oscar-winning actor (Marianglas, 1912)
Elen Gwdman – poet (fl. 1609)
Meinir Gwilym – singer and songwriter (Llangristiolus, 1983)
Owain Gwynedd – royal prince (Anglesey, c. 1100)
Hywel Gwynfryn – radio and TV personality (Llangefni, 1942)
Aled Jones – singer and television presenter (Llandegfan, 1970)
John Jones – amateur astronomer (Bryngwyn Bach, Dwyran 1818 – Bangor 1898); a.k.a. Ioan Bryngwyn Bach and Y Seryddwr
William Jones – mathematician (Llanfihangel Tre'r Beirdd, 1675)
Julian Lewis Jones – actor, known for his portrayal of Karl Morris on the Sky 1 comedy Stella (Anglesey, 1968)
John Morris-Jones – grammarian and poet (Llandrygarn, 1864)
Edward Owen – 18th-century artist, notable for letters documenting life in London's art scene
Goronwy Owen – 18th-century poet (Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf, 1723)
Osian Roberts – association football player and manager (Bodffordd)
Tecwyn Roberts – NASA aerospace engineer and Director of Networks at Goddard Space Flight Center (Llanddaniel Fab, 1925)
Hugh Owen Thomas – pioneering orthopaedic surgeon (Anglesey, 1836)
Ifor Owen Thomas – operatic tenor, photographer and artist (Red Wharf Bay, 1892)
Sefnyn – medieval court poet
Owen Tudor – grandfather of Henry Tudor, married the widow of Henry V, which gave the Tudor family a claim on the English throne (Anglesey, c. 1400).
Kyffin Williams – landscape painter (Llangefni, 1918)
William Williams – recipient of the Victoria Cross (Amlwch, 1890)
Andy Whitfield – actor (Amlwch, 1971)
Gareth Williams – employee of Britain's GCHQ signals intelligence agency (Anglesey, 1978)
October 2, 2022 - marathon race - about 2200 photos & videos
Marathon Race results / Résultats de la course marathon:
A)
marathon - www.sportstats.ca/display-results.xhtml?raceid=114476
B)
pics IMG_0554 to DSCF7246
a) first photo: www.flickr.com/photos/ianhun/52403835735/in/album-7217772...
b) photos at 30k point: www.flickr.com/photos/ianhun/52405056410/in/album-7217772...
C)
bib no.... name/nom
5097…..Abel Vanderschuren
5252…..Adam Jones
5604…..Adam Mallory
5871…..Adil Chakir
5278…..Aditi Krishna
5621…..Akeel Ghaib
5206…..Alain Belanger
5667…..Alain Bragagnolo
6329…..Alain Brisebois
6299…..Alain Carignan
5236…..Alain Goffi
6390…..Alain Loivel
6503…..Alain Proulx
5032…..Alain Turcotte
5230…..Alain-Remi Lajeunesse
6063…..Alana Armstong
5671…..Alanna Karpa-Bomhof
5918…..Alejandro Ruiz
6269…..Alessandra Stortini
6966…..Alex Chatelier
5616…..Alex Coffin
6082…..Alexandra Coffin
7265…..Alexandra Cote
7562…..Alexandra Roy
7469…..Alexandra Younsi
5078…..Alexandre Anctil
5368…..Alexandre Blouin
5098…..Alexandre Boily
6121…..Alexandre Bouliane
6826…..Alexandre Buissieres
5678…..Alexandre Clement
5529…..Alexandre Drouin
5354…..Alexandre Giugovaz
5149…..Alexandre Larrivee
7088…..Alexandre Loiseau
7510…..Alexandre Martin
5220…..Alexandre Olivier
5823…..Alexandre Papillon
6173…..Alexandre Ratthe
6162…..Alexandre Renaud
7258…..Alexandre Tomita
5415…..Alexandre-Benjamin Funes-Bonilla
6158…..Alexis Fol
6092…..Alexis Monfilliette
6993…..Alfredo Simas
7277…..Alice Blouin
5839…..Alice Dionne-Oseciuc
5834…..Alicia Bowles
7771…..Alicia Rioux
7710…..Alicia Shogbon
6985…..Alina Carter
6936…..Amanda Wong
5729…..Amandine Hamon
5958…..Amelie Derenne
7185…..Amelie Farre
7646…..Amelie Hebert
6258…..Amelie Lachance
6906…..Amelie Mercier
6668…..Amelie Senneville
5820…..Amy Anderson
7676…..Amy Chen
5796…..Amy Hicks
7872…..Ana Parra
6359…..Ana Paula Ponce
7311…..Anastasia Unterner
7069…..Andre Daemen
6918…..Andre De Queiroz Paz
5675…..Andre Deslauriers
6393…..Andre Dube
5709…..Andre Peterson
5083…..Andre Pouliot
5250…..Andrea Hill
6649…..Andrea Richard
6781…..Andrea Roulet
5844…..Andrea Zegarra
6743…..Andreane Lauze
7689…..Andreane Legare
5217…..Andreanne Villeneuve
6294…..Andree Germain
7675…..Andree Renaud
6219…..Andrew Greenfield
7462…..Andrew Jones
5609…..Andrew Leclerc
5259…..Andrew Lee
6931…..Andrew Schmidt
6797…..Andy Emond
6021…..Angela Caraccioli
6368…..Angelica Sergi
7478…..Anh Quang Nguyen
7121…..Anita Choquette
6250…..Ann Sophie Del Vecchio
6492…..Anne Girard
7047…..Anne Gosselin-Brisson
7756…..Anne Marie Harvey
7050…..Anne Quintal
6721…..Anne Roger
6596…..Anne-Cecile Khouri-Raphael
5985…..Anne-Florence Bastien
7321…..Anne-Marie Aubry
7803…..Anne-Marie Buki
5447…..Anne-Marie Fraser
6702…..AnneMarie Labrecque
7519…..Anne-Marie Lavoie
5803…..Anne-Sophie Robitaille
7905…..Annick Gagnon
6255…..Annie Allen
6597…..Annie Bergeron
7681…..Annie Bolduc
7346…..Annie Brassard
7099…..Annie Brouillette
5975…..Annie Dube
6677…..Annie Saleh
5533…..Annie Theberge
5999…..Annie toutiras
6868…..Annie-Claude Bedard
7707…..Annie-Pier Guenette
5964…..Anthony Bourgeois
5123…..Anthony Gicquel
5769…..Anthony Tailler
6825…..Antoine Sifoni
6217…..Antoine Zen
5262…..Antonio Curcuruto
5112…..Archambault Etienne
7281…..Ariane Carbonneau
6069…..Ariane Courtemanche
7066…..Ariane Desharnais
6962…..Ariane Gauthier
5321…..Ariel Vacherand
7616…..Arline-Aude Berube
5033…..Arnaud Guilhamat
7893…..Ashley Bolger
5541…..Asshvin Gajadharsingh
7612…..Assia Umurerwa
5751…..Audrey Collerette
7468…..Audrey Fortier
6248…..Audrey Mayrand
6838…..Audrey Ouellet
5209…..Audrey-Anne Henri
7701…..Aurelie Gicquel
7640…..Aurelie Subra
5258…..Aurelien Lorin
7350…..Baptiste Martineau
7100…..Barbara Freedman
5952…..Barry Richards
5641…..Benjamin Beaudoin
5385…..Benjamin Drainville
5787…..Benjamin Lee
6282…..Benjamin Nadeau
5090…..Benoit Cote
6472…..Benoit Dalinval
5139…..Benoit Deriger
6762…..Benoit Des Croisselles
7645…..Benoit Labrie
6213…..Benoit Lalande
6210…..Benoit Lepine
5222…..Benoit Maheu
5793…..Benoit Ouellet
6106…..Benoit Pepin
7144…..Benoit Raymond
6585…..Benoit Traversy
6916…..Benoit Trudel
5837…..Benoit Vignac
7605…..Ben-Zion Caspi
6167…..Bernard Labelle
5712…..Bernard Mathieu
5248…..Bernard Tourigny
7182…..Bertrand Fongue
5266…..Bertrand How-Choong
5027…..Bianca Premont
7902…..Bianca Quesnel - Spicer
6263…..Bill McEachern
5509…..Bob Butler
6982…..Bobby Hains
5305…..Boris Marois
5913…..Brahim Bensouda
5867…..Braiden Bhindi
5352…..Brandon Peacock
7687…..Brenda Hunter
6626…..Brendan Quinn
5081…..Brent Gerhart
5152…..Brian Blew
7288…..Brian Lambert
5715…..Brian Martell
5495…..Brian Reeds
5714…..Brigitte Chamard
6840…..Brigitte Martin
6832…..Bruce Horsburgh
7329…..Bruno Gosselin
7129…..Bruno Laliberte
5628…..Bruno Verdier
7130…..Camilla Wu
6274…..Camille Berthod
7748…..Camille Bourgault
6221…..Camille Hebert
7596…..Camille Rondeau Saint-Jean
6866…..Campbell Heggen
6262…..Cara Racicot
7528…..Caridad Vera
6764…..Carl La Terreur
5972…..Carl Lebel
6745…..Carl Perron
5443…..Carl Simard
5163…..Carl Terrones Tarte
5167…..Carlos Torres
5904…..Carlos Vaz
7732…..Carole Berry
6189…..Carole Dube
7899…..Carole Lavoie
5695…..Caroline Boulanger
5270…..Caroline Briere
6157…..Caroline Collin
5910…..Caroline Cote
7197…..Caroline Daoust
6533…..Caroline Duchesne
7874…..Caroline Dupuis
6280…..Caroline Goyer
6443…..Caroline Khauv
7237…..Caroline Villeneuve
6452…..Catherine Bernard
7422…..Catherine Brissette
6806…..Catherine Brouillette
7601…..Catherine Gaillot Mougin
6784…..Catherine Goineau
6308…..Catherine Jean-Beaulieu
7588…..Catherine Ouellet
6565…..Catherine Primeau
7586…..Catherine Ramsay-Pierard
7649…..Catherine Sacchitelle
7807…..Cathy Bsilis
7823…..Cathy Hurst
6520…..Ce Bian
6024…..Cedric Bouchereau
5540…..Cedric Collin
7345…..Cedric Martineau
6787…..Cedric Ryan
5826…..Cedrick Corriveau
6859…..Celine Couture
7494…..Celine Lambert
7264…..Chabot Sophie-Anne
5303…..Chad Lortie
7003…..Chantal Brunet
7241…..Chantal Dubois
5689…..Chantal Hickey
6715…..Chantal Ladouceur
7279…..Chantal Neveu
6770…..Chantal Urbain
6454…..Charles Boulerice
5835…..Charles Demontigny
7175…..Charles Dumont Mallette
5775…..Charles Lapointe
7371…..Charles Lecompte
7725…..Charles Page
7900…..Charles Sauve
6441…..Charles Sormany
6093…..Charles Turgeon
5601…..Charles-Eric Rivest
7073…..Charlotte Camboulive
6104…..Chizuko Matsufuji
6044…..Chris Bowes
6954…..Chris Constantin
5117…..Christian Belair
6942…..Christian Belair
6336…..Christian Billette
5449…..Christian Couture
5657…..Christian Gagnon
6514…..Christine Beaudin
6493…..Christine Maheu
6939…..Christophe Hivon Bellavance
6110…..Christophe Le Martret
7355…..Christophe Liegey
6548…..Christophe Vezina
6605…..Christopher Blais
7757…..Christopher Darlington
5054…..Christopher Levesque-Savard
6851…..Christopher Snow
7257…..Christopher Straka
6310…..Cindy Caron
7261…..Cindy Cote-Beaudoin
7359…..Cindy Lalancette
7404…..Cindy Lanteigne
7053…..Cindy Pichette
5879…..Claude Boivin
6383…..Claude Desroches
6266…..Claude Massicotte
7624…..Claude Mathieu
6181…..Claude Paul
6740…..Claude-Andre Cloutier
5545…..Claudia Angers
5287…..Claudia Girard Morin
6938…..Claudia Thibault
5865…..Claudie Dechamplain
6537…..Claudine Poirier
6504…..Claudine Quevillon
5204…..Clelio Pinheiro
7560…..Clemence Compan
5939…..Cliff Latincic
7892…..Colin Valois
6872…..Corey McGee
5267…..Cosette Lemelin
6030…..Craig Ginther
6574…..Cristina Gutierrez
7688…..Crystal Gayed
5043…..Cullen Price
5251…..Curtis Young
6512…..Cyndie Desbiens
7655…..Cyndie Savard
5386…..Cyrille Farre
5620…..Cyrille Gauclin
6406…..Damien Le Livec
5828…..Damien Riegel
5859…..Dan Gitlan
6910…..Dana Zmeureanu
5680…..Daniel Barolet
6337…..Daniel Bissonnette
5697…..Daniel Boyd Michaud
6160…..Daniel Charest
6663…..Daniel Clement
6820…..Daniel Clement
5308…..Daniel Gaudet
7534…..Daniel Hillebrand
7358…..Daniel Lanteigne
7680…..Daniel Plamondon
6036…..Daniel Signori
6922…..Daniel Zwaagstra
7840…..Danielle Boulanger
7093…..Danielle Guffie
6880…..Danielle Stanton
7690…..Danielle Walsh
5082…..Danny Brunet
6006…..Danny Canales
7867…..Danny Gaudreau
5026…..Danny Morin
5708…..Dany Boivin
6445…..Dany Gagnon
5861…..Dany Gobeil
6407…..Dany St-Pierre
7540…..Daphnee Lapointe
5071…..Darcey Brunet
5881…..Dario Morillo
6414…..Dave Allen
7039…..Dave Dearborn
6388…..Dave Michaud
5516…..David Belbeck
5257…..David Blouin
7467…..David Boucher
5539…..David Boyce
5378…..David Crane
5576…..David de carvalho
6704…..David Fortier-Devin
5156…..David Gauthier
6940…..David Gervais
5394…..David Guay
6591…..David Lederer
7332…..David Lessard
5057…..David Marcoux
7251…..David Martino
6218…..David O'Connor
5247…..David Papillon-Veilleux
5264…..David Rivard
5755…..David Theriault
5414…..David Williamson
7721…..David-Alexandre Leblanc
7397…..Dawn Evans
6211…..Debbie Fisher
7409…..Debbie Johnson
5802…..Delia Chan
6342…..Denis Dore
7322…..Denis Houlette
6208…..Denis Isabelle
5093…..Derick Lacombe
6519…..Desiree Welch
6363…..Di Fruscia Antonio
7403…..Diane Drolet
6254…..Diane Lapointe
5073…..Didier Martigny
5996…..Dimitri Haillez
6270…..Dominic Brisebois
5456…..Dominic Cloutier
6769…..Dominic Cote
5997…..Dominic Handal
7826…..Dominic Lasnier
5314…..Dominic Martel
6296…..Dominic Picard
6124…..Dominic Pigeon
6487…..Dominic Tamburini
6886…..Dominique Langlois Demers
5716…..Dominique Lemieux
6908…..Dominique Pilote
7908…..Don Lewis
5079…..Don Nguyen
5664…..Donald Garfield
6914…..Donald Laplante
7845…..Donna Campeau
7045…..Doudja Mekamcha
7897…..Driss As-soulaimani
5219…..Duan Zhao
7884…..Duncan Shepherd
6887…..Dwight Bernier
7546…..Eden Dubuc
5896…..Edith Castonguay
7351…..Edith Pouliot
6279…..Edouard Sinor
7423…..Edward Gallagher
7081…..Elaine Desrosiers
6011…..Elaine Laroche
7392…..Elaine plante
5936…..Elaine Saunders
6188…..Eleonore Mourez
7720…..Eliane Hebert
7489…..Elisabeth Plouffe
6305…..Elizabeth Nurse
7212…..Elizabeth O'Carroll
7571…..Emilie Aube-Pomerleau
7628…..Emilie Boudreault
7670…..Emilie Boutin
6693…..Emilie Croteau
6669…..Emilie Desilets
6508…..Emilie Laplante Potvin
5496…..Emilie Leroy
6080…..Emilie Morin
7161…..Emilie Potts
6420…..Emily Cowan
6972…..Emmanuelle Choiniere
7565…..Emy Babineau
6509…..Eniko Popescu
5928…..Eric Belanger
7727…..Eric Brochu
5854…..Eric Bussieres
7854…..Eric Faucher
7694…..Eric Gaudreau
7155…..Eric Gauthier
6193…..Eric Goyhenetche
5356…..Eric Janelle
7240…..Eric Lambert
5504…..Eric Lavoie
7256…..Eric Lesieur
6040…..Eric Letourneau
5561…..Eric Mbaraga
6357…..Eric Mongeon
5357…..Eric Montplaisir
7105…..Eric Pelletier
6108…..Eric Poirier
5922…..Eric St-Pierre
6295…..Eric Therrien
5173…..Eric White
5890…..Erica Young
7794…..Erika Peres
5886…..Erin Cook
5503…..Erin Mayo
6923…..Erin O'Donnell
5741…..Erwan Goasdoue
5331…..Esley Albert
7603…..Esta Bellefleur
5170…..Etienne Belanger Menard
7373…..Etienne Brunet
6857…..Etienne Corne
5301…..Etienne Jacques
7774…..Etienne Letourneau
6853…..Etienne Mallette
6502…..Etienne Marquis
6874…..Eva Bastien
6455…..Eve Boyer
7524…..Evelyn Krijnen
6200…..Evelyne Montigny
5475…..Even Croteau
5484…..Evgeny Martinov
6863…..Fabienne Dornic
6899…..Fabio Melo
5508…..Fabrice Ah-Waye
5049…..Fabrice Houle
7573…..Fanny Tremblay Gagne
7631…..Farah Ahmed
7058…..Fauconnet Alexandre
6969…..Felix Jacques
5086…..Felix Lefebvre
6593…..Felix Olivier Munger
6976…..Ferdinand Jouet
5727…..Fernando Galandrini
6354…..Fernando Medeiros
6435…..Flavie Lapointe
6864…..Florence Falgueyret
7076…..Florence Langlois
7437…..Francine Guay
6304…..Francis Asselin
5864…..Francis Bedard
6281…..Francis Belhumeur
5774…..Francis Cleroux
7647…..Francis Desrochers
6163…..Francis Dugre
6433…..Francis Gosselin
6679…..Francis Grenier
6049…..Francis Loiseau
5724…..Francis Mireault
6645…..Francis Parent
7111…..Francis Provost
5228…..Francis Theriault
5306…..Francis Y Tremblay
6572…..Francis Yelle
6791…..Francisco Gomez
6043…..Franco Vanhees
7554…..Francois Bilodeau
7671…..Francois Couillard
5114…..Francois Deschenes
6888…..Francois Du Preez
7880…..Francois Flores
5056…..Francois Lalonde
6659…..Francois Lemoine
6164…..Francois Lewis
7177…..Francois Pauze
7493…..Francois Plouffe
6915…..Francois Prud'homme
5818…..Francois Rouxel
6707…..Francois Roy
5950…..Francois St-Cyr
6999…..Francois Theroux
6451…..Francoise Glibert
5272…..Frank Salvatore
5692…..Frederic Barriault
5599…..Frederic Belleau
5416…..Frederic Chaumel
5245…..Frederic Dallaire
7452…..Frederic Gaudreau
5682…..Frederic Guay
5041…..Frederic Latulippe
6453…..Frederic Lemay
5225…..Frederic Matthey
5327…..Frederic Menard
5068…..Frederic Meunier
5536…..Frederic Normand
7790…..Frederic Paul
6862…..Frederic Plante
5189…..Frederic Poulin
5765…..Frederic Simard-Fournier
5199…..Frederic Vachon
6766…..Frederick Antoine Mallette
6055…..Frederick Le Page
5838…..Frederick Viens
7158…..Frederique Langevin
5766…..Frederique Messier
5119…..Gabe Keenleyside
5253…..Gabriel Brousseau Demers
7511…..Gabriel Ciulbea
6300…..Gabriel Fromentin
6935…..Gabriel Girard
6552…..Gabriel Heshema
5244…..Gabriel Malcolm
5343…..Gabriel Paquin
5563…..Gabriella Morin
5776…..Gabrielle Fortier-Cofsky
7122…..Gabrielle Labelle-Brissette
5299…..Gabrielle Plamondon
7463…..Gaetan Courchesne
6803…..Gaetan Leclerc
7308…..Gan Ye
6847…..Ganita Tchakarova
5074…..Gareth Davies
5501…..Garett Hotte
6530…..Gary Banks
6275…..Gary Rivera
5733…..Gaston Mogollones
7352…..Gauri Patel
7746…..Gautham Krishnaraj
6324…..Genevieve Arcand
5060…..Genevieve Asselin-Demers
7118…..Genevieve Belanger Jasmin
7783…..Genevieve de la Chevrotiere
7722…..Genevieve Mageau
7232…..Genevieve Martineau
7485…..Genevieve Menard
7252…..Genevieve Methot
7700…..Genevieve Parent
7856…..Genevieve Poulin
6062…..Genevieve Richard
6246…..Genevieve Talbot
6590…..Genevieve Trahan
7504…..Geoffrey Wright
7344…..George Bursuc
5061…..Georges Fournier
6355…..Gerald Audet
5293…..Gerald Robitaille
7842…..German Kudinov
6968…..Gertjan Bekkers
6418…..Ghislain Daigle
7119…..Ghislain Guay
5059…..Gilles Gobeil
5502…..Gilles Hickson
6643…..Gilles Meunier
7475…..Gilles Mondor
6307…..Gilles Neron
7259…..Gilles Sauve
5491…..Gillian Croucher
6077…..Gil-Roch Bouillon
7338…..Ginette Talbot
5998…..Gino Rinaldi
5720…..Glenn OConnor
5525…..Gordon Ng
5433…..Gosselin Serge
6230…..Grant Lipscombe
6937…..Grant Wilson
5197…..Greg Cartmell
5935…..Gregoire Tourres
6186…..Greta Soares
6843…..Guido Tijskens
5065…..Guillaume Belanger
7572…..Guillaume Cormier
6535…..Guillaume Couture
5437…..Guillaume Gagne
5420…..Guillaume Goulet
5917…..Guillaume Harvey
6198…..Guillaume Jouet
5432…..Guillaume Koch Mathian
5510…..Guillaume Lalande
6314…..Guillaume Lapalme-Thibault
6786…..Guillaume Proulx
5088…..Guillaume Valero
7695…..Guy Chamberland
5960…..Guy Charron
5203…..Guy Chenier
7010…..Guy Labrecque
5023…..Guyaume Robert
6035…..Guylaine Fournier
7545…..Guylaine Picard
7038…..Guylaine Pomerleau
5757…..Hai Tao Yan
7536…..Hakim Obeilat
5966…..Hans Dee
7466…..Hans Hasenohr
5513…..Harold Parks
6449…..Heather Larmer
7297…..Heather MacGregor
5070…..Hector Jesus C Gonzalez
7579…..Helen Hulme
7625…..Helene Lacasse
6014…..Helene Meunier-Asselin
5273…..Hennie Coetzee
6684…..Henry Fourie
6260…..Howard Saskin
6391…..Hsiang-Han Su
5099…..Hubert Villeneuve
6717…..Hugo Simoncelli
5309…..Hugo Toupin
5382…..Hugo Van Doorne
5181…..Hugues Ryan
6860…..Ian Chadnick
6392…..Ibrahim Elgallash
7199…..Igor Schultz
6261…..Ilona Thomas
7294…..Ioana Contu
6845…..Irene Dionne
7773…..Isabelle Audet
5610…..Isabelle Beaumier
7224…..Isabelle Chabot
7275…..Isabelle Deschenes
6264…..Isabelle Dion
5982…..Isabelle Doucet
7063…..Isabelle Du Sablon
6983…..Isabelle Dumont
5421…..Isabelle Gariepy
7877…..Isabelle Liberge
7587…..Isabelle Locas
7331…..Isabelle Minier
6319…..Isabelle Nantais
7247…..Isabelle Pelletier
6671…..Isabelle Racette
6424…..Isabelle Regnier
5819…..Isabelle Rioux
6883…..Isabelle Rose
7788…..Isabelle Tremblay
5781…..Ismail Trad
7685…..Jacob Goldberg
5335…..Jacob Stone
6586…..Jacobane Bergdoll
6068…..jacques lupien
5702…..Jacques Menard
7305…..Jacques Theriault
7804…..Jacynthe Lafrance
7400…..Jacynthe Toupin
5235…..James Karpa-Bomhof
6571…..James Murrell
5179…..Jamie Beaudin
6902…..Janco Gouws
7787…..Janis Leeming
5440…..Jasmin Rancourt
5971…..Jasmin Roy
6375…..Jason Malone
5383…..Jason Scarbro
5445…..Jason Smith
7195…..Jayne Rop-Weller
6850…..Jayson Rodis
6224…..Jean De Serres
6023…..Jean Francois Alain
6488…..Jean Francois Durand
7521…..Jean Hubert Clement Mbabazi
5915…..Jean Lachapelle
5747…..Jean Lepage
6499…..Jean Marineau
7302…..Jean Menetrier
6447…..Jean Pascal Briand
5183…..Jean Sebastien Roby
5004…..Jean sebastien Senechal
5175…..Jean Sylvain
5870…..Jean-Charles Girard
6496…..Jean-Claude Calabro
7349…..Jean-Claude Messier
7549…..Jean-David Larouche
6284…..Jean-Francois ARSENAULT
6879…..Jean-Francois Baril
5644…..Jean-Francois Bessette
5115…..Jean-Francois Brassard
5624…..Jean-Francois Caron
5091…..Jean-Francois Grenier
5805…..Jean-Francois Halle
6400…..Jean-Francois Hotte
6168…..Jean-Francois Lacoste
7082…..Jean-Francois Legault
5243…..Jean-Francois Michaud
5132…..Jean-Francois ouellet
6970…..Jean-Francois Ouimet
5934…..Jean-Francois Richard
5526…..Jean-Francois Riendeau
5911…..Jean-Francois Sauriol
5053…..Jean-Frederick Faure
6340…..Jean-Guy Jacques
5876…..Jean-Louis Nadeau
7156…..Jean-Lucien Lemire
5211…..Jean-Marc Ducharme
5848…..Jean-Marc Gautier
7686…..Jeanne dube blanchet
5478…..Jeanne Mercier
7193…..Jeannie Carter
6170…..Jean-Paul Caron
5011…..Jean-Philippe Lebeau
5461…..Jean-Philippe Richer
6297…..Jean-Philippe Turcotte-Vezina
7298…..Jean-Pierre Couture
6005…..Jean-Pierre Desautels
5517…..Jean-Pierre Lacasse
7448…..Jean-Pierre Lapointe
6909…..Jean-Sebastien Chaume
6301…..Jean-Sebastien Cote
5633…..Jean-Sebastien Fournier
5410…..Jean-Sebastien Gascon
5613…..Jean-Sebastien Leard
5855…..Jean-Sebastien Poupart
5518…..Jean-Sebastien Trepanier
5263…..Jean-Simon Beaudry
6611…..Jeff Hannah
5124…..Jeff Lambert
5316…..Jeff Musgrave
7885…..Jennifer Bettez
7592…..Jennifer Ray-Horvath
7385…..Jennifer Rene
5395…..Jenny Hopkins
7539…..Jeremie Chiron-Escallier
6094…..Jeremie Hamel
5577…..Jeremie Nadeau
5233…..Jeremy Mazuc
7858…..Jeremy Piche-Bisson
5125…..Jerome Bastide de grave
5763…..jerome journot
6376…..Jerome Legare
6057…..Jerome Morin
7040…..Jerome Vigneault
5110…..Jesse Cabon
6870…..Jesse Elliott
6821…..Jessica Clement
7789…..Jessica Delisle Guay
7538…..Jessica Halsall
6531…..Jessica MacIver
6145…..Jesula Drouillard
6751…..Jill MacDonald
7533…..Jillian Lipsett
5379…..Jimmy Cloutier
7055…..Jimmy Hamel
7829…..Joanie Boudreault
7683…..Joanie Plamondon
6385…..Joanne Chiasson
7832…..Jo-Anne. Belliveau
6654…..Jocelyn Goulet
5572…..Jocelyn Legault
5771…..Jocelyn Letendre
6190…..Jodi Dawson
5172…..Joe Kerby
5521…..Joe Larkin
5555…..Joe Todd
5954…..Joel Bucknell
5315…..Joel Dias Nogueira Junior
5133…..Joel Houngbe
5268…..Joel Tremblay
7059…..Joelle Martin
7594…..Joelle Sabourin
5984…..Joelle White
5052…..Joey Labranche
5694…..Joey Leckman
7903…..Johanne Corriveau
6558…..Johanne Gagne
7898…..Johanne Vallee
5398…..John Linch
6352…..John Pradier
6203…..Jolene Harvey
5949…..Jonathan Bastien
5519…..Jonathan Bernier
6331…..Jonathan Boivin
6656…..Jonathan Careau
6405…..Jonathan Fournier
6713…..Jonathan Labrie
7362…..Jonathan Langelier
6012…..Jonathan Latreille-Chevalier
7767…..Jonathan Marion
7089…..Jonathan Matte
5586…..Jonathan Nault
7495…..Jonathan Raizenne
6148…..Jonathan Rivard
6135…..Jonathan Roy St-Louis
5434…..Jonathan Semeteys-Ladouceur
5983…..Jonathan Simard
6150…..jonathan verville
6831…..Jonathan Wendel
7497…..Jordan Larin
5249…..Jordane Lehir
5362…..Jose Andrade
7766…..Josee Duplantie
7293…..Josee Frenette
6056…..Josee-Lise Leheutre
6100…..Joseph Frendo
6601…..Josiane Hamelin
6804…..Josiane Roberge
7285…..Josianne Henri
5265…..josyane tessier
6994…..Joyce Bridgman
5976…..Julian Ortiz
6034…..Juliana Tobon
6128…..Julie Bates
7048…..Julie Berthiaume
6097…..Julie Dale
6521…..Julie Doyon
5933…..Julie Francoeur
7326…..Julie Gagnon
7280…..Julie Gagnon
5860…..Julie Lahaie
6555…..Julie Mac Allister
5967…..Julie Martineau
7484…..Julie Morissette
5938…..Julie Ouellet-Pelletier
6377…..Julie Robichaud
7336…..Julie Rochefort
7133…..Julie Savard
7472…..Julie Vincelette
6719…..Julie-Anne Proulx
6861…..Julie-Jode Mallette
6798…..Julien Charette-Theoret
5055…..Julien Dirand
5800…..Julien Harvey
5013…..Julien Lachance
6631…..Julien Larocque
6776…..Julien Perrault
6333…..Jun Liang Lu
6373…..Justin Langlais
5198…..Justin Pozin
7090…..Justine Lapointe
6955…..Justine Rheaume
5920…..K C Wong Ping Lun
7705…..Kaitlin Mugford
7094…..Kannitha You
6054…..Karelle LEON
7445…..Karen Collingwood
6989…..Karen Rye
6478…..Karim Mansouri
6273…..Karine Bedard
7633…..Karine Boisvert
7313…..Karine Gloutnay
7243…..Karine Mac allister
7126…..Karine Marcoux
7527…..Karine Simard
7531…..Karine Soucy
7051…..Karine Thivierge
5486…..Karl Brochu
7785…..Karl Desjardins
5275…..Karl Dore
5413…..Karl Gagne
6824…..KARL VACHON
5297…..Karl-Rudolf Erlemann
6037…..Karol'Ann Boivin
7699…..Katell Menec
6792…..Katheleen Ouellette
6031…..Katherin Duchesne
7267…..Katherine Raymond
5607…..Kathleen Bonnet
7295…..Kathleen Chasse
7501…..Kathleen Deckert
6172…..Kathleen Muldoon
6429…..Kathleen Rourke
6830…..Kathleen Wendel
7290…..Kathrin Stanger-Hall
6920…..Kathryn Duplantie
6678…..Kathryn Hutchins
6998…..Kathy Outerbridge
7211…..Ken Kwan
5024…..Kenny Beaudette
7547…..Keven Pelletier
6753…..Kevin Klein
6796…..Kevin Laycraft
5989…..Kintxo Freiss
7200…..Klenisson Feitosa
6609…..Kristen MacArthur
6123…..Kristin Paterson
6395…..Kristina Ireland
5809…..Kristopher Kerwin
7303…..KUMIKO REKOFF
7473…..Kyle Gregory
6818…..Lafontaine Martin
7027…..Lajoie Catherine
6243…..Laura Bonter
7436…..Laura Fournier
7022…..Laura Glasper
6111…..Laurence Descarries
7796…..Laurence Forget
5639…..Laurence Huot
6708…..Laurence Marcoux-Lamy
7711…..Laurent Bouchard
6060…..Laurent Cataford
5387…..Laurent Desilets
6244…..Laurent fuhrmann
6152…..Laurent JEAN
5018…..Laurent Jugant
5535…..Laurent Teboul
7737…..Laurie Auger
6738…..Laurie Bisaillon
7218…..Laurie Julien
7340…..Laurieve Berube
7440…..Lea Daniel
7164…..Lea Paulus
7366…..Leah Bressette
5373…..Leah Williams
7784…..Leandre Forget
7034…..Lenka Martinek
6690…..Leo Basile
5969…..Leon Ferrari
7330…..Leonardo Torres
6900…..Leonie fillion
7120…..Lina Binet
7068…..Linda Vachon
6545…..Linda Vassallo
7779…..Line Bordage
7043…..Line Fiset
5853…..Line Lavergne
6783…..Lior Ancelevicz
6635…..Lisa Wilson
7341…..Lise Brunet
7541…..Lise Guay
6778…..Lise Proulx
6491…..Lise Scott
7006…..Loic Reimonenq
6506…..Lori Mitchell
5882…..Louis Bedard
7723…..Louis Blais
7535…..Louis Comerton
7017…..Louis M cormier
5830…..Louis Mirmont
5471…..Louis Sabourin
5425…..Louis Saint-Pierre
5942…..Louis Verhoef
5845…..Louise Borel
7065…..Louise Chercuitte
7184…..Louis-Philippe Lacas
6724…..Louis-Philippe Robitaille
5429…..Luc Bouchard
7648…..Luc Bouisset
6697…..Luc Bourgeois
5580…..Luc Briere
5148…..Luc Chouinard
6232…..Luc Desbiens
7245…..Luc Gelinas
6699…..Luc Milette
7213…..Luc Pelchat
7583…..Luc Simard
5007…..Luc Theriault
7515…..Luce Gagnon
7014…..Lucie Blais
6073…..Lucie Noel
6763…..Lucie Tetreault
7865…..Lucy Schneider
6479…..Ludovic Boucherie
5062…..Luis Alquicira
5906…..Luis Berrueta
6608…..Lychhun Ung
7389…..Lydia Lacoursiere
7413…..Lydia Perreault
7678…..Lynne Faught
7894…..Madeleine Audet
5704…..Madeleine Possamai
5451…..Magalie Hardy
6130…..Magalie Ross
7910…..Maggy Papineau
6257…..Maika Girard
5468…..Manuel Cabral
6020…..Marc Andre Roy
7367…..Marc Bedard
6403…..Marc Farrier
5476…..Marc Gervais
6817…..Marc Michaud
6607…..Marc Mourton
6637…..Marc Parisien
5974…..Marc Perron
7190…..Marc-Andre Amyot
6543…..Marc-Andre Blais
6710…..Marc-Andre Cloutier
5875…..Marc-Andre Leclair
5003…..Marc-Andre Raiche
5020…..Marc-Antoine Crepeau
5191…..Marc-Antoine Fortin
5103…..Marc-antoine Gauthier
5391…..Marc-Antoine Leboeuf
6662…..Marc-Antoine Poirier
5995…..Marcel Aubertin
5706…..Marcel Doyon
5806…..Marcel Lavoie
7140…..Marco Arseneault
5649…..Marc-Olivier Dancosst
6436…..Marc-Olivier Gallant
6960…..Marc-Olivier Prevost
6891…..Margot Tome
6129…..Mariana Sandoval
7080…..Marianne Dubuc
5617…..Marianne Jodoin
7630…..Marianne Petit
5924…..Marianne Pharand
6750…..Marie Allio
5779…..Marie Bentejac
7740…..Marie Chantal Mujawamariya
7395…..Marie Christine Gagnon
6327…..Marie Pier Genest
6466…..Marie Sophie Gauthier
6156…..Marie Stevenson
7102…..Marie-Andree Bourgeois
6175…..Marie-Andree Vallee
6003…..Marie-Christine Desgagnes
6687…..Marieclaude Boudreault
7712…..Marie-Claude Cote
5872…..Marie-Claude Demers
7016…..Marie-Claude Gauthier
5941…..Marie-Claude Leblond
7203…..Marie-Colombe Afota
6525…..Marie-Eve Beaudet
5908…..Marie-Eve Carpentier
7278…..Marie-Eve Lussier-Cousineau
7617…..Marie-Eve Pomerleau
7585…..Marie-France Martineau
5286…..Marie-France Noel
7171…..Marie-Helene Poulin
7028…..Marie-Helene Rochefort
7208…..Marie-Josee Emond
6290…..Marie-Josee Harbec
7272…..Marie-Josee Renaud
6692…..Marie-Josee Turcotte
6927…..Marie-Lise Maltais
5851…..Marie-Lou Beaudette-Ross
6907…..Marie-Michele Clement
7151…..Marie-Neige Havard
6683…..Marie-Noelle Pelletier
6865…..Marie-Noelle Richard
5990…..Marie-Philippe Parent
6325…..Marie-Pier Bouffard
5392…..Marie-Pier Chretien
5310…..Marie-Pier Coulombe
7046…..Marie-Pier Lapointe
6332…..Marie-Pierre Letourneau
7077…..Marilou Sarrazin
6877…..Marilyn Cormier
6896…..Marilyne Lamer
7458…..Marina Bezier
6029…..Mario Choquette
7600…..Mario Gohier
5596…..Mario Paz
7172…..Mario Raymond
6559…..Mario Roch
7556…..Marius Cezar Magdes
6187…..Marjorie Bouffard
5160…..Mark chester Maghirang
5822…..Mark Smithhisler
5342…..Mark Sterling
6486…..Marni Kagan
6179…..Martin Brouillard
5592…..Martin Brunelle
7124…..Martin Caron
5500…..Martin Chapleau
5164…..Martin Clement
5538…..Martin Cote
7401…..Martin couture
5326…..Martin Deschenes
5279…..Martin Durivage
7023…..Martin Gadbois
6567…..Martin Giroux
5095…..Martin Guilbault
6810…..Martin Moreau
7381…..Martin Nolet
5947…..Martin Perreault
7593…..Martin Pesant
7057…..Martin Rioux
5840…..Martin Rivest
6425…..Martine Boutin
7324…..Martine Lapierre
7179…..Martine St Pierre
5341…..Marwan Dirani
5623…..Mary Bartlett
7896…..Maryse Bourque
7333…..Maryse Gelinas
6302…..Maryse Parisien
5063…..Mateo Lino
6386…..Mathias Grasser
5499…..Mathieu Barabe
5737…..Mathieu Berger
5104…..Mathieu Boivin
6142…..Mathieu Boivin
5659…..Mathieu Brossard
7206…..Mathieu Dumas
7503…..Mathieu Farley
5142…..Mathieu Gauthier
6912…..Mathieu Guilbault
5240…..Mathieu Julien-Roy
5428…..Mathieu Lachapelle Viens
5340…..Mathieu Lalonde
6215…..Mathieu Leblanc
5145…..Mathieu Olivier Perrault
5066…..Mathieu Rivest
5154…..Mathieu Rouleau
6566…..Mathieu Roy
7517…..Mathilde Marre
7317…..Mathilde Soulez
6884…..Mathis Babineau
6253…..Matt Baraniecki
7816…..Matt Reaume
6242…..Matthew Ellis
5363…..Matthew Walker
5804…..Matthieu Benattar
5346…..Matthieu Frey
5370…..Matthieu Lemire
6358…..Maud Bessieres
7696…..Maude Arpin-Query
7895…..Maude Perron
5227…..Maude Raymond
6648…..Maude Rivest
7862…..Maurice Bourque
5829…..Maurice-Etienne Bouillon
5039…..Mauricio Gomez
7248…..Max Paradis
5159…..Maxime Aunez
5811…..Maxime Baltazar
5390…..Maxime bibeau
5006…..Maxime Brouillard
5663…..Maxime Cadorette
7772…..Maxime Guilbault
7474…..Maxime Lepine
5048…..Maxime Migeon
5847…..Maxime Simard
7000…..Maya de Lorimier
6276…..Mayra Petit
6675…..Mehran Eimanlou
6223…..Melanie Boucher
6448…..Melanie Briere
6647…..Melanie Charette
7518…..Melanie Danis
6895…..Melanie Lavallee
7599…..Melanie Martin
7316…..Melanie Mercier
6256…..Melanie Ponthieu
7170…..Melanie Rocher
6633…..Melanie Senneville
7086…..Melanie Shang
7142…..Melanie Trottier
7644…..Melissa Belanger
7564…..Melissa Krulick
7595…..Melissa Menard
7042…..Melissa Piperno
7427…..Melissa Sarakinis
6141…..Michael Chaput
7742…..Michael Cho-Chu
6667…..Michael jeremie Racine
5590…..Michael Lacasse
5107…..Michael Lefrancois
6089…..Michael Morin
6852…..Michael Srogosz-Bolduc
7555…..Michael Tamburini
6485…..Michel Bergeron
5957…..Michel Bolduc
7532…..Michel Coutu
5640…..Michel Delisle
5801…..Michel Delisle
7354…..Michel Doyon
7198…..Michel Dufeu
6515…..Michel Lavigne
6154…..Michel Lefebvre
6401…..Michel Lessard
5462…..Michel Massicotte
5662…..Michel Menard
5200…..Michel Methot
5672…..Michel Paris
6002…..Michel Riendeau
6245…..Michel Tremblay
7638…..Michele Ladouceur
7703…..Michele Letendre
7477…..Micheline Chenard
5367…..Michelle Bryson
7234…..Michelle Gallagher
6322…..Michelle Guay
5631…..Mickael Cornut
6268…..Miguel Diaz
7550…..Miguel Diaz Barahona
6529…..Mike Apted
6315…..Mike Stock
7435…..Min Yang
5777…..Minh-Quan Doan
7512…..Miryam M. Rodrigue
6534…..MJ Beaulieu
6311…..Mohamed Benmouffok
7415…..Mohan Iyer
5573…..Moise Moustakaly
7072…..Mylene Chiasson
7312…..Mylene Rondeau
7441…..Mylene Vallee
7393…..Myriam Boulet
6437…..Myriam Huot
6139…..Myriam Lefebvre
7180…..Nadia Bilodeau
5710…..Naim Seggad
7215…..Nalini Singh
7230…..Nancy Bisaillon
6421…..Nancy Drolet
7021…..Nancy Duguay
6292…..Nancy Fiset
5885…..Nancy Gamache
7886…..Nancy Guillery
6234…..Nancy Michaud
7496…..Nancy Rivest
6306…..Nancy Silva
6155…..Naron Phou
6431…..Natacha Fontaine
7421…..Natacha Garoute
6022…..Natalie Collins
7101…..Natalie Fortin
5698…..Natalie StJacques
6984…..Nathalie Allard
6498…..Nathalie Audet
7542…..Nathalie Blanchet
6415…..Nathalie Gauthier
6924…..Nathalie Landry
7830…..Nathalie Lemaire
6196…..Nathalie Theriault
6554…..Nathaniel Jutras
5868…..Nelson McGregor
5001…..Nicholas Berrouard
6858…..Nicholas Fortier-Poulin
5369…..Nick Beaulieu
7479…..Nicola Treadgold
7219…..Nicolas Boudreault
5165…..Nicolas Charpentier
5951…..Nicolas Couture
6396…..Nicolas Jean
5780…..Nicolas Joubert
5193…..Nicolas Laliberte
5347…..Nicolas Le Gall
6277…..Nicolas Leblanc
6837…..Nicolas Lepage
6209…..Nicolas Lepiquet
5358…..Nicolas Martel
5961…..Nicolas Moran Levesque
7192…..Nicolas Pelletier
5162…..Nicolas Pierre
5155…..Nicolas Tremblay
5980…..Nicolas Veillet
6928…..Nicolas Zazzeri
7210…..Nicole Beaudet
6416…..Nicole Garofalo
6408…..Nicole Livey
6614…..Nicole Lunstead
5035…..Nikos Xirocostas
6237…..Nora-Laure Lefebvre-Campbell
6239…..Norm Lonergan
6101…..Norm O'Reilly
7611…..Normand Cadorette
7398…..Normand Lapierre
5943…..Normand Ricard
5758…..Noureddine Halimi
7064…..Olivier Bernatchez
5339…..Olivier Bolullo
5582…..Olivier Bonneau
7500…..Olivier Brousseau
5009…..Olivier Collin
6926…..Olivier Despars
6227…..Olivier Dubois
5665…..Olivier Dufour
5585…..Olivier Dumas
5050…..Olivier Forget Turcotte
5150…..Olivier Lebeau
5102…..Olivier Loiselle
7387…..Olivier Robidoux
6664…..Olivier Saleh
5085…..Olivier Senechal
5364…..Olivier Thiriet
5880…..Olivier Turcot
6965…..Olivier Varin
7632…..Omoniyi Fabarebo
7465…..Otto Gomez R
5400…..Pablo Gumucio
5738…..Pamfil Putu
6064…..Pascal Amyot
5317…..Pascal Bourque
5419…..Pascal Lafreniere
5277…..Pascal Nault
5992…..Pascal Rouchon
7652…..Pascale Boule
6146…..Pascale Lizotte
6634…..Pascaline Lauze Malouin
7365…..Pat Laycraft
6463…..Patrice Boyer
5655…..Patrice O'Bomsawin
7012…..Patricia Joly
6981…..Patricia Melo
6087…..Patricia Tessier
6913…..Patrick Archambault
5566…..Patrick Beaulieu
5353…..Patrick Bouchard
7606…..Patrick Campeau
5548…..Patrick Cote
5290…..Patrick Cote
5195…..Patrick Couture
7254…..Patrick Guermonprez
5294…..Patrick Heppell
7178…..Patrick Inkel
5014…..Patrick Lalonde
7481…..Patrick Roy
7136…..Patrick Tobgi
7743…..Paul Armaos
6033…..Paul Ashton
5218…..Paul Bates
6249…..Paul Brogan
6483…..Paul Chiasson
5731…..Paul Owens
5858…..Paul Smith
6038…..Paula Bzdell
5554…..Paulo Arruda
7406…..Paulo Ferreira
7692…..Paulo Muleiro
7225…..Pedro Neves
5594…..Peter Linkletter
7614…..Peter Staniforth
6426…..Peter Waldorf
6402…..Petra Niederhauser
6151…..Philip Deeter
5111…..Philippe Allard
6661…..Philippe Archambault
5687…..Philippe Beausejour
5031…..Philippe Bertrand
6313…..Philippe Boucher
6283…..Philippe Brissette
7382…..Philippe Brunet
5337…..Philippe Couture
6004…..Philippe Dalpe-Turcotte
7221…..Philippe Desrochers
5140…..Philippe Dumont
5157…..Philippe Gregoire
5679…..Philippe Gregoire
6143…..Philippe Jacob-Goudreau
6746…..Philippe lachance
6047…..Philippe Legault
6039…..Philippe Lupien
5789…..Philippe Major
7116…..Philippe Major
6041…..Philippe Navarri
5759…..Philippe Pigeon
6430…..Philippe Robitaille
6919…..Philippe Sinto-Girouard
5685…..Pier Gagnon
5564…..Pierre Bienvenue
5611…..Pierre Brunet
6584…..Pierre David
6603…..Pierre Dufour
5892…..Pierre Ferland
7246…..Pierre Gauthier
7060…..Pierre Gignac
6749…..Pierre Martin
6380…..Pierre Saint-Laurent
5375…..Pierre-Luc Gagnon
5324…..Pierre-Luc Mailloux
6050…..Pritesh Mistry
6640…..Qining Cai
5558…..Quynh Nguyen
6199…..Rachel Beaudette
5126…..Ralf Eberhard
5602…..Raphael Baldy martin
7339…..Raphael Boulanger
6114…..Raphael D'amours
5017…..Raphael Gagne Colombo
6470…..Raphael Gourdeau
7751…..Raphael Lachance
6469…..Raphael Poittevin
5591…..Raphael Rufus Chartier
5888…..Raul Garcia Cisneros
5138…..Raymond Lanthier
5684…..Real Gagne
7292…..Rebecca Petit
6581…..Rebecca Reaume
5579…..Rejean Cote
6074…..Remi Dicaire
6799…..Remi Perron
6727…..Renaud Loisel
5927…..Rene Bourget
7650…..Rene Chamberland
7384…..Rene Lacerte
5322…..Richard Bertrand
7812…..Richard Campeau
5746…..Richard Cobden
6610…..Richard Comtois
7786…..Richard Coude
5651…..Richard Guay
5605…..Richard Kenney
5485…..Richard Perron
5312…..Richard Sevigny
6795…..Richard Verret
7364…..Rick Palfrey
5973…..Rob Rashotte
5452…..Robert Bellerive
5959…..Robert Bergeron
5289…..Robert Borris
7424…..Robert Jr Langley
6628…..Robert Malo
6367…..Robert Martel
5366…..Robert Savoie
6782…..Robert Tizu
6809…..Robert Wildey
5399…..Robin Larose
5008…..Robin Richard-Campeau
7004…..Robin Sincerny
5674…..Rocio Hernandez
6177…..roger pouliot
7859…..Romeo Quinteros
6432…..Romesh Vadivel
7002…..Ronald Dessureault
5241…..Rowan Trouncer
7461…..Roxanne Gauthier
7273…..Roxanne Hamel
5683…..Rudy Allen
7024…..Ryan Boudreau
5365…..Sabrina Sullivan
6650…..Saidi Habimana
7399…..Sam Constantin
7806…..Samantha Chillcott
6736…..Sameer Vakani
6957…..Sammi Hammoud
5196…..Samuel Beauvais
6594…..Samuel Bouffard
6925…..Samuel Coulombe
6369…..Samuel Gariepy
7011…..Samuel Hamel
5645…..Samuel Lacroix
5214…..Samuel Moreau
7005…..Sandra Andrew
5371…..Sandra Boucher Mercier
6705…..Sandra Gonzalez
6016…..Sandra Lapointe
7223…..Sara Fortin
6568…..Sara Lyman
5427…..Sarah Bachand
6676…..Sarah Belouchi
7306…..Sarah Boily
5843…..Sarah Lefebvre
6076…..Sarah Rynbeek
5921…..Sarah Tremblay
6048…..Scott Ritchie
5761…..Sean Seltzer
5490…..Sebastian Balk-Forcione
7216…..Sebastian Humphrey
5276…..Sebastien Barbat
6901…..Sebastien Beriault
7636…..Sebastien Dumont
7505…..Sebastien Farkas
5229…..Sebastien Gendron
7416…..Sebastien Hotte
5096…..Sebastien Lacroix
7666…..Sebastien Larocque
5965…..Sebastien Pouliot
5477…..Sebastien Proulx
7168…..Sebastien Rabouille
6159…..Sebastien Roy
5506…..Sebastien Senechal
5168…..Sebastien Suicco
5568…..Sebastien Tremblay
6165…..Sebastien Tremblay
5359…..Serge Brochu
6595…..Serge Dauphinais
6688…..Serge Lacroix
7704…..Serge Menec
5897…..Serge St-jean
7820…..Sergei Eremeev
7410…..Shaelyn Carroll
5978…..Shaina Coulter
7684…..Shanti Larochelle
6477…..Share Duggan
7095…..Shelley Lafford
7598…..Sherry Holtzman
5877…..Shirin Tahmasebi
6382…..Si Tam Ho
7615…..Silvio Kruger
5466…..Silviu Popescu
6459…..Simon Allard
6133…..Simon Archambault
5205…..Simon Bonnallie
6399…..Simon Bouchard
5298…..Simon Boulanger
5817…..Simon Brouillette-Lapointe
5487…..Simon Cabot Thibault
7131…..Simon Chalifoux
5446…..Simon Chamorro
7438…..Simon Chenail
5280…..Simon Delisle-Beaulieu
6691…..simon deziel
5474…..Simon Garneau
5691…..Simon Gosselin
5328…..Simon Jette
5348…..Simon Joly
5376…..Simon Lafrance
6326…..Simon Lantier
7453…..Simon Olivier Roy
5072…..Simon Villeneuve
5349…..Simon-Michel Belisle
5412…..Simon-Pierre Jacques
7201…..Skye Lecours
7301…..Solene Aubenas
7781…..Sonia Boisclair
7716…..Sonia Thouin
6356…..Sonia Vibert
7008…..Sony Carpentier
6317…..Sonya Audrey Bonin
6138…..Soo Owens
5355…..Sophie Bernard
6773…..Sophie Deschamps
5666…..Sophie Duchesne
6366…..Sophie Gauthier-Clerc
6848…..Sophie Gravel
5295…..Sophie Larocque
6779…..Sophie Marsolais
6873…..Sophie McGee
6462…..Sophie Plante
7009…..Sophie Poudrier
6785…..Steeven Bosse
7758…..Stephane Briere
5707…..Stephane Brunet
5406…..Stephane Calixte
5785…..Stephane Cote
6812…..Stephane Croteau
6195…..Stephane Dignard
5530…..Stephane Drouin
7669…..Stephane Fleury
5025…..Stephane Gagne
7487…..Stephane Gauthier
6971…..Stephane Goyette
5047…..Stephane Greffard
6078…..Stephane Henrion
5377…..Stephane Jakubyszyn
7092…..Stephane Laframboise
7318…..Stephane Leclair
5166…..Stephane Lepage
5380…..Stephane Moreau
5482…..Stephane Roux
6814…..Stephane St-Gelais
6701…..Stephane St-Yves
7909…..Stephanie Martin
7724…..Stephanie Mc Crea
6658…..Stephanie Pelletier
6118…..Stephanie Roy
7509…..Stephanie Simard
5040…..Stephen Debardi
7548…..Steve Blais
5653…..Steve Mailloux
5717…..Steve Poutre
6747…..Steve Whitehead
5986…..Steven Belanger
5213…..Steven Mercier
5046…..Stuart Wilson
7604…..Sue Ackerman
7613…..Sue McGlashan
5827…..Sukhraj Johal
7607…..Sunny Breuil
6660…..Susan Adams
7848…..Susan St.Maurice
7825…..Susan Willcocks
7207…..Suzanne Gagnon
7749…..Suzie Fournier
6587…..Sydney Vachon
5129…..Syl Lemelin
6737…..Sylvain Belanger
7159…..Sylvain Bois
5171…..Sylvain Constant
5527…..Sylvain Duguay
5381…..Sylvain Gagnon
5186…..Sylvain Houle
7861…..Sylvain Labrie
6298…..Sylvain Lagace
5137…..Sylvain Lajoie
5402…..Sylvain Levaillant
6780…..Sylvain Nadeau
5565…..Sylvain Rancourt
5542…..Sylvain Roux
7390…..Sylvain Simard
5411…..Sylvain Van Gele
6214…..Sylvain Villeneuve
7325…..Sylvie Cardin
6467…..Sylvie Lafrance
7187…..Taissir Vilchis
7152…..Tammy O'Grady
7561…..Tanya Narang
5849…..Tao Ji
5549…..Tarik Kadiri
7062…..Tengfei Xu
6345…..Teresa Hernandez Gonzalez
7808…..Teresa Maiquez Hernandez
7266…..Terry Cyr
6344…..Terry SanCartier
5307…..Terry Spathis-Dimitrakis
7394…..Thi Thu Hong Vu
7457…..Thien Thong Huynh
7454…..Thierry Gaudreau
7464…..Thierry-Dimitri Roy
5636…..Thomas Bouchard
6018…..Thomas Courtois
5794…..Thomas Coutelen
5846…..Thomas Huet
7451…..Thomas Keenan
5981…..Thomas MORIN
5361…..Thomas Morse
6682…..Thomas Portanguen
5770…..Thomas-Louis Lavallee
5723…..Tina Kader
7429…..Todd Saulnier
7033…..Tommy Baril
7654…..Tommy Fradette
5282…..Tommy Gagnon
5464…..Tommy Prevost
5836…..Toussaint Xavier
5583…..Trevor Sanders
7284…..Trevor Whike
6641…..Tristan Martel
5460…..Utku Evci
5323…..Utku Karakaya
5439…..Valerie Audet
7869…..Valerie Cabana
6869…..Valerie Duquette
7229…..Valerie Gaulin
7347…..Valerie Gilbert Camirand
6947…..Valerie Gravel
5551…..Valerie Handfield
7300…..Valerie Jutras
7470…..Valerie Roy
7577…..Valerie Tetrault
6204…..Van Phong Pham
6510…..Vanessa Charron
6580…..Vanessa Lara
6995…..Vanessa Tremblay
6409…..Vanessa Trudel
6046…..Vanessa Ventura
7353…..Veronick Williamson
7269…..Veronique BLANC
6805…..Veronique Ferland
6065…..Veronique Guilbault
7870…..Veronique Jutras
7714…..Veronique Laramee
7800…..Veronique Lefebvre
5646…..Veronique Poulin
5528…..Veronique Proulx
7626…..Veronique Proulx-Hardy
6229…..Veronique St-Onge
6897…..Veronique Tremblay
6946…..Vickie Fortin
7590…..Vicky Dugal
6876…..Vicky Libbi
7217…..Vicky Pichette
7780…..Vicky Tremblay
7148…..Victoria McNeill
7809…..Viky Leroux Fournier
7143…..Vincent Bastien
7328…..vincent boutreux
5212…..Vincent Chan
6536…..Vincent Comeau
7029…..Vincent Cote
5688…..Vincent Couturier
6238…..Vincent Demers
6621…..Vincent Desmarais
7414…..Vincent Dumontet
6328…..Vincent Forgues
5728…..Vincent Gosselin
7103…..Vincent Hillenmeyer
5153…..Vincent Houle
6397…..Vincent Laliberte
5598…..Vincent Leroux
6350…..Virginie Mathieu
6412…..Virginie Woltz
5764…..Vivien Traineau
5187…..Warren Isfan
6497…..Wayne Dennison
6771…..Wayne Kuiack
6689…..Wendy Allain
7420…..Wendy Sirota
6733…..William Labelle
5878…..William Lavallee
6105…..William Paradis
6360…..William Rake
6144…..William Ryan
7731…..Xavier Babin-Ouellette
5767…..Xiaoxiao Zhu
7782…..Yan Dube
5768…..Yan Zawisza
6836…..Yang Lin
5438…..Yanick Desrosiers
5210…..Yanick Mongeau
5512…..Yanik Houle
5730…..Yann Bergeron
5146…..Yann Pomerleau
5450…..Yannick Babineau
7030…..Yannick Beauchamp-Cote
6241…..Yannick Beaudoin
5991…..Yannick Charette
6728…..Yannick Levesque
5850…..Yao Li
7674…..Yasmina Messaoud
6967…..Yin Fan
5856…..Yinan He
5291…..Yisel Sequeda
6811…..Yoann Tardif
6316…..Yohann Cuniere
5329…..Yolande Pare
6638…..Yong Jiang
7015…..Youmee Im
5022…..Younes Kerkour
6598…..Yuan Ming Song
5725…..Yuan Yuan Li
6834…..Yuhil Slusarenko
6632…..Yuju Yao
5619…..Yunpeng Yang
5483…..Yvan Cloutier
6091…..Yvan St-Pierre
5948…..Yves Cadotte
6653…..Yves Corbeil
5567…..Yves Gauthier
5045…..Yves Plourde
5036…..Zachary Martel
7075…..Zackary Lemay
5988…..Zhi Li
5304…..Zhijun Ou
7770…..Zi Yue Wang
.
0624
Belgian collectors card. Photo: Argosy / M.G.M. John Wayne in 3 Godfathers (John Ford, 1948).
American actor John Wayne (1907-1979) was one of the most popular film stars of the 20th century. He received his first leading film role in The Big Trail (1930). Working with John Ford, he got his next big break in Stagecoach (1939). His career as an actor took another leap forward when he worked with director Howard Hawks in Red River (1948). Wayne won his first Academy Award in 1969. He He starred in 142 films altogether and remains a popular American icon to this day.
John Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison in 1907, in Winterset, Iowa. Some sources also list him as Marion Michael Morrison and Marion Mitchell Morrison. He was already a sizable presence when he was born, weighing around 13 pounds. The oldest of two children born to Clyde and Mary 'Molly' Morrison, Wayne moved to Lancester, California, around the age of seven. The family moved again a few years later after Clyde failed in his attempt to become a farmer. Settling in Glendale, California, Wayne received his distinctive nickname 'Duke' while living there. He had a dog by that name, and he spent so much time with his pet that the pair became known as 'Little Duke' and 'Big Duke', according to the official John Wayne website. In high school, Wayne excelled in his classes and in many different activities, including student government and football. He also participated in numerous student theatrical productions. Winning a football scholarship to University of Southern California (USC), Wayne started college in the fall of 1925. Unfortunately, after two years, an injury, a result of a bodysurfing accident, took him off the football field and ended his scholarship. While in college, Wayne had done some work as a film extra, appearing as a football player in Brown of Harvard (Jack Conway, 1926) with William Haines, and Drop Kick (Millard Webb, 1927), starring Richard Barthelmess. Out of school, Wayne worked as an extra and a prop man in the film industry. He first met director John Ford while working as an extra on Mother Machree (John Ford, 1928). With the early widescreen film epic The Big Trail (Raoul Walsh, 1930), Wayne received his first leading role, thanks to director Walsh. Raoul Walsh is often credited with helping him create his now legendary screen name, John Wayne. Unfortunately, the Western was a box office failure. For nearly a decade, Wayne toiled in numerous B-films. He played the lead, with his name over the title, in many low-budget Poverty Row Westerns, mostly at Monogram Pictures and serials for Mascot Pictures Corporation. By Wayne's own estimation, he appeared in about 80 of these horse operas from 1930 to 1939. In Riders of Destiny (Robert N. Bradbury, 1933), he became one of the first singing cowboys of film, named Sandy Saunders, although via dubbing. During this period, Wayne started developing his man of action persona, which would serve as the basis of many popular characters later on.
Working with John Ford, John Wayne got his next big break in Stagecoach (John Ford, 1939). Because of Wayne's B-film status and track record in low-budget Westerns throughout the 1930s, Ford had difficulty getting financing for what was to be an A-budget film. After rejection by all the major studios, Ford struck a deal with independent producer Walter Wanger in which Claire Trevor, who was a much bigger star at the time, received top billing. Wayne portrayed the Ringo Kid, an escaped outlaw, who joins an unusual assortment of characters on a dangerous journey through frontier lands. During the trip, the Kid falls for a dance hall prostitute named Dallas (Claire Trevor). The film was well received by filmgoers and critics alike and earned seven Academy Award nominations, including one for Ford's direction. In the end, it took home the awards for Music and for Actor in a Supporting Role for Thomas Mitchell. Wayne became a mainstream star. Reunited with Ford and Mitchell, Wayne stepped away from his usual Western roles to become a Swedish seaman in The Long Voyage Home (John Ford, 1940). The film was adapted from a play by Eugene O'Neill and follows the crew of a steamer ship as they move a shipment of explosives. Along with many positive reviews, the film earned several Academy Award nominations. Around this time, Wayne made the first of several films with German star Marlene Dietrich. The two appeared together in Seven Sinners (Tay Garnett, 1940) with Wayne playing a naval officer and Dietrich as a woman who sets out to seduce him. Off-screen, they became romantically involved, though Wayne was married at the time. There had been rumours about Wayne having other affairs, but nothing as substantial as his connection to Dietrich. Even after their physical relationship ended, the pair remained good friends and co-starred in two more films, Pittsburgh (Lewis Seiler, 1942) and The Spoilers (Ray Enright, 1942). Wayne's first color film was Shepherd of the Hills (Henry Hathaway, 1941), in which he co-starred with his longtime friend Harry Carey. The following year, he appeared in his only film directed by Cecil B. DeMille, the Technicolor epic Reap the Wild Wind (1942), in which he co-starred with Ray Milland and Paulette Goddard; it was one of the rare times he played a character with questionable values. Wayne started working behind the scenes as a producer in the late 1940s. The first film he produced was Angel and the Badman (James Edward Grant, 1947) with Gail Russell. Over the years, he operated several different production companies, including John Wayne Productions, Wayne-Fellows Productions and Batjac Productions.
John Wayne's career as an actor took another leap forward when he worked with director Howard Hawks in Red River (1948). The Western drama provided Wayne with an opportunity to show his talents as an actor, not just an action hero. Playing the conflicted cattleman Tom Dunson, he took on a darker sort of character. He deftly handled his character's slow collapse and difficult relationship with his adopted son played by Montgomery Clift. Also around this time, Wayne also received praise for his work in John Ford's Fort Apache (1948) with Henry Fonda and Shirley Temple. Taking on a war drama, Wayne gave a strong performance in Sands of Iwo Jima (Allan Dwan, 1949), which garnered him his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. He also appeared in more two Westerns by Ford now considered classics: She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (John Ford, 1949) and Rio Grande (John Ford, 1950) with Maureen O'Hara. Wayne worked with O'Hara on several films, perhaps most notably The Quiet Man (John Ford, 1952). Playing an American boxer with a bad reputation, his character moved to Ireland where he fell in love with a local woman (Maureen O'Hara). This film is considered Wayne's most convincing leading romantic role by many critics. A well-known conservative and anticommunist, Wayne merged his personal beliefs and his professional life in Big Jim McLain (Edward Ludwig, 1952). He played an investigator working for the U.S. House Un-American Activities Committee, which worked to root out communists in all aspects of public life. Off screen, Wayne played a leading role in the Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals and even served as its president for a time. The organisation was a group of conservatives who wanted to stop communists from working in the film industry, and other members included Gary Cooper and Ronald Reagan. In 1956, Wayne starred in another Ford Western, The Searchers (John Ford, 1956). He played Civil War veteran Ethan Edwards whose niece is abducted by a tribe of Comanches and he again showed some dramatic range as the morally questionable veteran. He soon after reteamed with Howard Hawks for Rio Bravo (1959). Playing a local sheriff, Wayne's character must face off against a powerful rancher and his henchmen who want to free his jailed brother. The unusual cast included Dean Martin and Angie Dickinson.
John Wayne made his directorial debut with The Alamo (John Wayne, 1960). Starring in the film as Davy Crockett, he received decidedly mixed reviews for both his on- and off-screen efforts. Wayne received a much warmer reception for The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (John Ford, 1962) in which he played a troubled rancher competing with a lawyer (James Stewart) for a woman's hand in marriage. Some other notable films from this period include The Longest Day (Ken Annakin, Andrew Marton, Bernhard Wicki, 1962) and How the West Was Won (John Ford, Henry Hathaway, George Marshall, 1962). Continuing to work steadily, Wayne refused to even let illness slow him down. He successfully battled lung cancer in 1964. To defeat the disease, Wayne had to have a lung and several ribs removed. In the later part of the 1960s, Wayne had some great successes and failures. He co-starred with Robert Mitchum in El Dorado (Howard Hawks, 1967), which was well received. The next year, Wayne again mixed the professional and the political with the pro-Vietnam War film The Green Berets (Ray Kellogg, John Wayne, 1968). He directed and produced as well as starred in the film, which was derided by critics for being heavy handed and clichéd. Viewed by many as a piece of propaganda, the film still did well at the box office. Around this time, Wayne continued to espouse his conservative political views. He support friend Ronald Reagan in his 1966 bid for governor of California as well as his 1970 re-election effort. In 1976, Wayne recorded radio advertisements for Reagan's first attempt to become the Republican presidential candidate. Wayne won his first Academy Award for Best Actor for True Grit (Henry Hathaway, 1969). He played Rooster Cogburn, an one-eyed marshal and drunkard, who helps a young woman named Mattie (Kim Darby) track down her father's killer. A young Glen Campbell joined the pair on their mission. Rounding out the cast, Robert Duvall and Dennis Hopper were among the bad guys the trio had to defeat. A later sequel with Katherine Hepburn, Rooster Cogburn (Stuart Millar, 1975), failed to attract critical acclaim or much of an audience. Wayne portrayed an aging gunfighter dying of cancer in his final film, The Shootist (Don Siegel, 1976), with James Stewart and Lauren Bacall. His character, John Bernard Books, hoped to spend his final days peacefully, but got involved one last gunfight. In 1978, life imitated art with Wayne being diagnosed with stomach cancer. John Wayne died in 1979, in Los Angeles, California. He was survived by his seven children from two of his three marriages. During his marriage to Josephine Saenz from 1933 to 1945, the couple had four children, two daughters Antonia and Melinda and two sons Michael and Patrick. Both Michael and Patrick followed in their father's footsteps Michael as a producer and Patrick as an actor. With his third wife, Pilar Palette, he had three more children, Ethan, Aissa, and Marisa. Ethan has worked as an actor over the years.
Sources: Biography.com, Wikipedia and IMDb.
And, please check out our blog European Film Star Postcards.
"Here lieth the bodies of Sir Henry Beaumont, knight, and Ladie Elizabeth his wife. Henry was son and heir to Nicholas Beaumont esq. Elizabeth was daughter and heir of John Loveys esq by whom he had only one son Sir Thomas Beaumont, knight, who married the daughter and heir of Henry Sapcott esq.
Sir Henry died the 3rd March 1607.
Ladie Elizabeth died the 26th March 1608"
Henry was the son o f Nicholas Beaumont 1585 & Anne 1581 daughter of Dorothy Young 1571 www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/7GBpK0 at Lillingstone Dayrell & William Saunders of Welford son of Edward Saunders 1514 and Joan Makerneys / Makenes flic.kr/p/dPWP1v
He m Elizabeth 1608 daughter of John Loveys 1560, mercer of London by Anne Hynde
Children
1. Thomas Beaumont 1625 1st Viscount Beaumont of Swords (Co. Dublin) m Elizabeth daughter of Eleanor & Henry Sapcote of Bracebridge: Grand daughter of Robert Sapcott 1600 +++ of Elton www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/DgpC6D (Thomas died of injuries sustained in a duel - he was succeeded by his son Sapcote Beaumont 2nd Viscount)
2. Eleanor 1643/4 m 1639 Daniel Disney 1661 son of William Disney 1656 & Bridget daughter of Edmund Molyneux of Thorpe & Bridget daughter of Robert Sapcote 1600 +++ of Elton (Great great grandson of Richard Disney 1578 of Norton Disney flic.kr/p/dVf9ey )
3- 12 Henry, Robert, Thomas, Thomas, Anne, Jane, Elizabeth, Catherine, Frances, Maria
In his will if 10 October 1598, Sir Henry left £10 to the Coleorton church and £10 to the poor. The rest of his property went to his only son, Sir Thomas .
Much damage was inflicted on the Church, it’s structure, and it’s monuments, during the Civil War by occupying Parliament forces.
Picture with thanks - copyright Speccy_beardy flic.kr/p/6R5xLH
"Here lyeth Edwarde Shurley esquyer, ye sone of John Shurley of ye manor of Isfyle esquyer, and cofferer to Kynge Henry ye Eyght , & Johane his wyffe, doughter to John Fenner edquyr, wch Edwarde depted this mortall lyfe ye lvl dy of March Anno MCCCCClviii, & Johane his wyfe deptyd ye ....... day of ......... Ao Dni ......... whose souls pardon & betwen them God sente them essue thre sones and one daughter"
Brass figures of Edward Shurley died 16th March 1558, wife Joan Fenner with 1 son & 1 daughter
Edward was the 3rd son of John Shurley / Shirley 1527 of Rye and Isfield, cofferer & "chef clerke of the kechen to our souayn kyng henry ye viii" & 1st wife Parnel 1515 daughter of John Grauntford of Rye
He was named in the 1525 will of his father John Shurley who after a list of bequests ordered certain assets of his estate to be sold and the money given to him at a time when there was considerable discussion of Edward becoming a priest, which obviously did not occur. Edward was named residual heir of his father upon the failure of heirs by his 2 older brothers, John Shurley and William Shurley who died without issue ,
He m Joan daughter of John Fenner of Crawley / Crowley; who m2 Anthony Morley
Children
1. Thomas d 1579 www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/45b8ap718t who inherited the manors of Isfield, Ifield, Crawley, Worth in Little Horsted, & lands and tenements at Barcombe Sussex; m1 Ann flic.kr/p/2eAXKC daughter of Sir Nicholas Pelham of Halland & Lewes Sussex & Anne daughter of John Sackvile Esq of Withyham and Chiddingly flic.kr/p/2evwrP ; m2 1575 (at Enfield) Ann daughter of Sir Thomas Wroth & Mary daughter of Richard Rich of Felsted flic.kr/p/p7i3u8 & Elizabeth Jenks / Gynkes; Grand daughter of Robert Wroth & Jane daughter of Sir Thomas Haute & Isabel Frowick
2. John 1616; MP; Sergeant at Law of The Friars, Lewes Sussex & Broadwater (purchased in 1605) Buried at All Saints Church, Lewes ‘in the alley of the little side chapel’. m Elizabeth 1580 daughter and co-heir of Richard Kyme of Lewes & co-heiress of Greyfriars House from her uncle John Kyme 1585 (husband John Shurley in 1588 bought the rights of her sister Joan wife of Sir George Paulett: m2 1585 Frances daughter of Henry Capell of Hadham Herts on whom he settled the property. His son John died before his stepmother Frances, in 1631, leaving the reversion of Grey Friars after her death to his son John, then aged 10 who died in 1637, while Frances was still alive. Under John Kyme's will the residuary legatee was Seth Awcocke whose family inherited) Frances m2 1633 Thomas Trayton
3. Edward
1. daughter (died young ?)
In his will of 1557 Edward asked to be buried in parish church of Isfield, "in the Chappel where my father lies buried." and mentions "To Edward Johnson, my Godson To Alice West To Margertt Estye Johan my wife Executrix, my cousin George Gorynge and brother John Ffenner overseers. Refers to my manors of Isfield and Crawley My youngest son Edward Shurley My eldest son Thomas Shurley My son John Shurley My sister Elizabeth Ffenner My nephew Edward ffenner To John Saunder John Ashewyne Proved May 1558.
- Church of St Margaret of Antioch, Isfield Sussex
www.shirleyassociation.com/NewShirleySite/NonMembers/Engl...
www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member...
RHS picture with thanks - copyright John Salmon CCL www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3187894
Beaumaris Castle in Beaumaris, Anglesey, Wales, was built as part of Edward I's campaign to conquer north Wales after 1282. Plans were probably first made to construct the castle in 1284, but this was delayed due to lack of funds and work only began in 1295 following the Madog ap Llywelyn uprising. A substantial workforce was employed in the initial years under the direction of James of St George. Edward's invasion of Scotland soon diverted funding from the project, however, and work stopped, only recommencing after an invasion scare in 1306. When work finally ceased around 1330 a total of £15,000 had been spent, a huge sum for the period, but the castle remained incomplete.
Beaumaris Castle was taken by Welsh forces in 1403 during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr, but recaptured by royal forces in 1405.
In March 1592, the Welsh Roman Catholic priest and martyr William Davies was imprisoned in the castle, and was eventually hanged, drawn and quartered there on 27 July 1593.
Following the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, the castle was held by forces loyal to Charles I, holding out until 1646 when it surrendered to the Parliamentary armies. Despite forming part of a local royalist rebellion in 1648, the castle escaped slighting and was garrisoned by Parliament, but fell into ruin around 1660, eventually forming part of a stately home and park in the 19th century. In the 21st century, the ruined castle is still a tourist attraction.
Historian Arnold Taylor described Beaumaris Castle as Britain's "most perfect example of symmetrical concentric planning". The fortification is built of local stone, with a moated outer ward guarded by twelve towers and two gatehouses, overlooked by an inner ward with two large, D-shaped gatehouses and six massive towers. The inner ward was designed to contain ranges of domestic buildings and accommodation able to support two major households. The south gate could be reached by ship, allowing the castle to be directly supplied by sea. UNESCO considers Beaumaris to be one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe", and it is classed as a World Heritage Site.
The kings of England and the Welsh princes had vied for control of North Wales since the 1070s and the conflict had been renewed during the 13th century, leading to Edward I intervening in North Wales for the second time during his reign in 1282. Edward invaded with a huge army, pushing north from Carmarthen and westwards from Montgomery and Chester. Edward decided to permanently colonise North Wales and provisions for its governance were set out in the Statute of Rhuddlan, enacted on 3 March 1284. Wales was divided into counties and shires, emulating how England was governed, with three new shires created in the north-west, Caernarfon, Merioneth and Anglesey.[6] New towns with protective castles were established at Caernarfon and Harlech, the administrative centres of the first two shires, with another castle and walled town built in nearby Conwy, and plans were probably made to establish a similar castle and settlement near the town of Llanfaes on Anglesey. Llanfaes was the wealthiest borough in Wales and largest in terms of population, an important trading port and on the preferred route from North Wales to Ireland. The huge cost of building the other castles, however, meant that the Llanfaes project had to be postponed.
In 1294 Madog ap Llywelyn rebelled against English rule.[The revolt was bloody and amongst the casualties was Roger de Pulesdon, the sheriff of Anglesey. Edward suppressed the rebellion over the winter and once Anglesey was reoccupied in April 1295 he immediately began to progress the delayed plans to fortify the area. The chosen site was called Beaumaris, meaning "fair marsh", whose name derives from the Norman-French Beau Mareys, and in Latin the castle was termed de Bello Marisco. This was about 1 mile (1.6 km) from Llanfaes and the decision was therefore taken to move the Welsh population of Llanfaes some 12 miles (19 km) south-west, where a settlement by the name of Newborough was created for them. The deportation of the local Welsh opened the way for the construction of a prosperous English town, protected by a substantial castle.
The castle was positioned in one corner of the town, following a similar town plan to that in the town of Conwy, although in Beaumaris no town walls were constructed at first, despite some foundations being laid.[10] Work began in the summer of 1295, overseen by Master James of St George. James had been appointed the "master of the king's works in Wales", reflecting the responsibility he had in their construction and design. From 1295 onwards, Beaumaris became his primary responsibility and more frequently he was given the title "magister operacionum de Bello Marisco". The work was recorded in considerable detail on the pipe rolls, the continuous records of medieval royal expenditure, and, as a result, the early stages of construction at Beaumaris are relatively well understood for the period.
A huge amount of work was undertaken in the first summer, with an average of 1,800 workmen, 450 stonemasons and 375 quarriers on the site. This consumed around £270 a week in wages and the project rapidly fell into arrears, forcing officials to issue leather tokens instead of paying the workforce with normal coinage. The centre of the castle was filled with temporary huts to house the workforce over the winter. The following spring, James explained to his employers some of the difficulties and the high costs involved:
In case you should wonder where so much money could go in a week, we would have you know that we have needed – and shall continue to need 400 masons, both cutters and layers, together with 2,000 less skilled workmen, 100 carts, 60 wagons and 30 boats bringing stone and sea coal; 200 quarrymen; 30 smiths; and carpenters for putting in the joists and floor boards and other necessary jobs. All this takes no account of the garrison ... nor of purchases of material. Of which there will have to be a great quantity ... The men's pay has been and still is very much in arrears, and we are having the greatest difficulty in keeping them because they have simply nothing to live on.
The construction slowed during 1296, although debts continued to build up, and work dropped off further the following year, stopping entirely by 1300, by when around £11,000 had been spent. The halt was primarily the result of Edward's new wars in Scotland, which had begun to consume his attention and financial resources, but it left the castle only partially complete: the inner walls and towers were only a fraction of their proper height and the north and north-west sides lacked outer defences altogether. In 1306 Edward became concerned about a possible Scottish invasion of North Wales, but the unfinished castle had already fallen into a poor state of repair. Work recommenced on completing the outer defences, first under James' direction and then, after his death in 1309, Master Nicolas de Derneford. This work finally halted in 1330 with the castle still not built to its intended height; by the end of the project, £15,000 had been spent, a colossal sum for the period. A royal survey in 1343 suggested that at least a further £684 would be needed to complete the castle, but this was never invested.
In 1400 a revolt broke out in North Wales against English rule, led by Owain Glyndŵr. Beaumaris Castle was placed under siege and captured by the rebels in 1403, being retaken by royal forces in 1405. The castle was ill-maintained and fell into disrepair and by 1534, when Roland de Velville was the castle constable, rain was leaking into most of the rooms. In 1539 a report complained that it was protected by an arsenal of only eight or ten small guns and forty bows, which the castle's new constable, Richard Bulkeley, considered to be completely inadequate for protecting the fortress against a potential Scottish attack. Matters worsened and by 1609 the castle was classed as "utterlie decayed".
The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between the Royalist supporters of Charles I and the supporters of Parliament. Beaumaris Castle was a strategic location in the war, as it controlled part of the route between the king's bases in Ireland and his operations in England. Thomas Bulkeley, whose family had been involved in the management of the castle for several centuries, held Beaumaris for the king and may have spent around £3,000 improving its defences. By 1646, however, Parliament had defeated the royal armies and the castle was surrendered by Colonel Richard Bulkeley in June. Anglesey revolted against Parliament again in 1648, and Beaumaris was briefly reoccupied by royalist forces, surrendering for a second time in October that year.
After the war many castles were slighted, damaged to put them beyond military use, but Parliament was concerned about the threat of a royalist invasion from Scotland and Beaumaris was spared. Colonel John Jones became the castle governor and a garrison was installed inside, at a cost of £1,703 a year. When Charles II returned to the throne in 1660 and restored the Bulkeley family as castle constables, Beaumaris appears to have been stripped of its valuable lead and remaining resources, including the roofs.
Lord Thomas Bulkeley bought the castle from the Crown in 1807 for £735, incorporating it into the park that surrounded his local residence, Baron Hill. By then the castles of North Wales had become attractive locations for visiting painters and travellers, who considered the ivy-clad ruins romantic. Although not as popular as other sites in the region, Beaumaris formed part of this trend and was visited by the future Queen Victoria in 1832 for an Eisteddfod festival and it was painted by J. M. W. Turner in 1835. Some of the castle's stones may have been reused in 1829 to build the nearby Beaumaris Gaol.
In 1925 Richard Williams-Bulkeley retained the freehold and placed the castle into the care of the Commissioners of Works, who then carried out a large scale restoration programme, stripping back the vegetation, digging out the moat and repairing the stonework. In 1950 the castle, considered by the authorities to be "one of the outstanding Edwardian medieval castles of Wales", was designated as a Grade I listed building – the highest grade of listing, protecting buildings of "exceptional, usually national, interest".
Beaumaris was declared part of the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site in 1986, UNESCO considering it one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe". In the 21st century Beaumaris Castle is managed by Cadw, the Welsh Assembly Government's agency for historic monuments, as a tourist attraction, with 75,000 visitors during the 2007–08 financial year. The castle requires ongoing maintenance and repairs cost £58,000 over the 2002–03 financial year.
Beaumaris Castle was never fully built, but had it been completed it would probably have closely resembled Harlech Castle. Both castles are concentric in plan, with walls within walls, although Beaumaris is the more regular in design. Historian Arnold Taylor described Beaumaris as Britain's "most perfect example of symmetrical concentric planning" and for many years the castle was regarded as the pinnacle of military engineering during Edward I's reign. This evolutionary interpretation is now disputed by historians: Beaumaris was as much a royal palace and symbol of English power as it was a straightforward defensive fortification. Nonetheless, the castle is praised by UNESCO as a "unique artistic achievement" for the way in which it combines "characteristic 13th century double-wall structures with a central plan" and for the beauty of its "proportions and masonry".
Beaumaris Castle was built at around sea-level on top of the till and other sediments that form the local coastline, and was constructed from local Anglesey stone from within 10 miles (16 km) of the site, with some stones brought along the coast by ship, for example from the limestone quarries at Penmon. The stone was a mixture of limestone, sandstone and green schists, which was used fairly randomly within the walls and towers; the use of schists ceased after the pause in the building work in 1298 and as a result is limited to the lower levels of the walls.
The castle design formed an inner and an outer ward, surrounded in turn by a moat, now partially filled. The main entrance to the castle was the Gate next the Sea, next to the castle's tidal dock that allowed it to be supplied directly by sea. The dock was protected by a wall later named the Gunners Walk and a firing platform that may have housed a trebuchet siege engine during the medieval period. The Gate next the Sea led into an outer barbican, protected by a drawbridge, arrow slits and murder-holes, leading on into the outer ward.
The outer ward consisted of an eight-sided curtain wall with twelve turrets enclosing an area approximately 60 feet (18 m) across; one gateway led out to the Gate next the Sea, the other, the Llanfaes Gate, led out to the north side of the castle. The defences were originally equipped with around 300 firing positions for archers, including 164 arrow slits, although 64 of the slits close to the ground level have since been blocked in to prevent them being exploited by attackers, either in the early 15th century or during the Civil War.
The walls of the inner ward were more substantial than those of the outer ward, 36-foot (11 m) high and 15.5-foot (4.7 m) thick, with huge towers and two large gatehouses, enclosing a 0.75-acre (0.30 ha) area. The inner ward was intended to hold the accommodation and other domestic buildings of the castle, with ranges of buildings stretching along the west and east sides of the ward; some of the remains of the fireplaces for these buildings can still be seen in the stonework. It is uncertain if these ranges were actually ever built or if they were constructed but later demolished after the Civil War. If finished, the castle would have been able to host two substantial households and their followers, for example the king and queen, or the king, queen and a prince and his own wife.
The D-shaped north gatehouse in the inner ward was intended to be two storeys high, with two sets of five, large windows, of which only one floor was actually completed. It would have included a large hall on the first floor, around 70 feet (21 m) by 25 feet (7.6 m) across, divided into two with separate fireplaces for heating. The south gatehouse was designed to be a replica of that on the north side, but building work progressed even less far before finishing in 1330. Some of the stonework may since have been removed from the gatehouse, reducing its height even further.
The walls of the inner ward contain extensive first floor passageways, similar to those at Caernarfon Castle. These were intended to allow members of the castle to move between the towers, accessing the guardrooms, sleeping chambers and the castle latrines. The latrines were designed to be drained by a special system using the water from the moat, but the system does not appear to have worked well in practice. The six towers were intended to be three storeys high and contained fireplaces. The castle chapel was built into one of the towers and would have been used by the king and his family, rather than the wider garrison.
Beaumaris is a town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, of which it is the former county town of Anglesey. It is located at the eastern entrance to the Menai Strait, the tidal waterway separating Anglesey from the coast of North Wales. At the 2011 census, its population was 1,938. The community includes Llanfaes.
Beaumaris was originally a Viking settlement known as Porth y Wygyr ("Port of the Vikings"), but the town itself began its development in 1295 when Edward I of England, having conquered Wales, commissioned the building of Beaumaris Castle as part of a chain of fortifications around the North Wales coast (others include Conwy, Caernarfon and Harlech).
The castle was built on a marsh and that is where it found its name; the Norman-French builders called it beaux marais, which translates as "fair marsh".
The ancient village of Llanfaes, a mile to the north of Beaumaris, had been occupied by Anglo-Saxons in 818 but had been regained by Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd, and remained a vital strategic settlement. To counter further Welsh uprisings, and to ensure control of the Menai Strait, Edward I chose the flat coastal plain as the place to build Beaumaris Castle. The castle was designed by the Savoyard mason Master James of Saint George and is considered the most perfect example of a concentric castle. The 'troublesome' residents of Llanfaes were removed en bloc to Rhosyr in the west of Anglesey, a new settlement King Edward entitled "Newborough".
Beaumaris was awarded a royal charter by Edward I, which was drawn up on similar terms to the charters of his other castle towns in North Wales and intended to invest only the English and Norman-French residents with civic rights. Native Welsh residents of Beaumaris were largely disqualified from holding any civic office, carrying any weapon, and holding assemblies; and were not allowed to buy houses or land within the borough. The charter also specifically prohibited Jews (who had been largely expelled from most English towns) from living in Beaumaris.
From 1562 until the Reform Act 1832, Beaumaris was a Rotten Borough with the member of parliament elected by the Corporation of the town which was in the control of the Bulkeley family.
Beaumaris was the port of registration for all vessels in North West Wales, covering every harbour on Anglesey and all the ports from Conwy to Pwllheli. Shipbuilding was a major industry in Beaumaris. This was centred on Gallows Point – a nearby spit of land extending into the Menai Strait about a mile west of the town. Gallows Point had originally been called "Osmund's Eyre" but was renamed when the town gallows was erected there – along with a "Dead House" for the corpses of criminals dispatched in public executions. Later, hangings were carried out at the town gaol and the bodies buried in a lime-pit within the curtilage of the gaol. One of the last prisoners to hang at Beaumaris issued a curse before he died – decreeing that if he was innocent the four faces of the church clock would never show the same time.
According to historian Hywel Teifi Edwards, when the "Provincial Eisteddfod" was held at Beaumaris in 1832, a young Princess Victoria and her mother were in attendance.
Beaumaris has never had a railway station built to the town, although the nearby village of Pentraeth had a station on the former Red Wharf Bay branch line which ran off the Anglesey Central Railway. It was roughly six miles west of the town by road. This station closed in 1930.
Notable buildings in the town include the castle, a courthouse built in 1614, the 14th-century St Mary's and St Nicholas's Church, Beaumaris Gaol, the 14th-century Tudor Rose (one of the oldest original timber-framed buildings in Britain) and the Bulls Head Inn, built in 1472, which General Thomas Mytton made his headquarters during the "Siege of Beaumaris" during the second English Civil War in 1648.
A native of Anglesey, David Hughes, founded Beaumaris Grammar School in 1603. It became a non-selective school in 1952 when Anglesey County Council became the first authority in Britain to adopt comprehensive secondary education. The school was eventually moved to Menai Bridge and only the ancient hall of the original school building now remains. Beaumaris Town Hall was completed in 1785.
Beaumaris Pier, opened in 1846, was designed by Frederick Foster and is a masonry jetty on wooden and concrete pilings. The pier was rebuilt and extended to 570 feet (170 m) after storm damage in 1872, and a large pavilion containing a cafe was built at the end. It was once the landing stage for steamships of the Liverpool and North Wales Shipping Company, including the Snowdon, La Marguerite, St. Elvies and St. Trillo, although the larger vessels in its fleet – the St. Seriol and St. Tudno – were too large for the pier and landed their passengers at Menai Bridge. In the 1960s, through lack of maintenance, the pier became unsafe and was threatened with demolition, but local yachtswoman and lifeboat secretary Miss Mary Burton made a large private donation to ensure the pier was saved for the town. A further reconstruction was carried out between 2010 and 2012.
The Saunders Roe company set up a factory at Fryars (the site of the old Franciscan friary to the east) when it was feared that the company's main base on the Isle of Wight would be a target for World War II Luftwaffe bombers. The factory converted American-built PBY Catalina flying boats. After the war, the company focused on their ship building produced at the site with fast patrol boats, minesweepers and an experimental Austin Float Plane. They also produced buses for London Transport (RT Double deckers) and single deck buses for Cuba.
The first recorded rescue of people in difficulty at sea was in 1830 when 375 people were rescued from a foundered emigrant ship. A lifeboat station was established in 1891 and closed four years later when a neighbouring station was provided with a more powerful lifeboat. The station was reopened in 1914 and is operated by the RNLI.
Beaumaris is served by one primary school. Its 300-year-old grammar school moved to nearby Menai Bridge in 1963 and became the comprehensive Ysgol David Hughes.
According to the United Kingdom Census 2021, 36.8 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Beaumaris can speak Welsh. 56.3 per cent of the population noted that they could speak, read, write or understand Welsh.
The 2011 census noted 39.5 per cent of all usual residents aged 3 years and older in the town could speak Welsh. The 2011 census also noted that 58.7 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ who were born in Wales could speak Welsh. In 2001, 39.7 per cent of all usual residents aged 3+ in Beaumaris could speak Welsh. In 1981, 39.9 per cent of the population could speak Welsh; 10 people were monoglot Welsh speakers.
The Beaumaris Food Festival is an annual food festival that has been held since 2013 in the town and castle grounds.
Notable residents
Memorial to Hugh Davies in St Mary's Church, Beaumaris
Sir Richard Bulkeley (1533–1621), politician and courtier of Elizabeth I, ex officio mayor (1561–1562) and mayor (1562–1563).
Catherine Davies (1773 – after 1841), governess to the children of the King and Queen of Naples and autobiographer.
Hugh Davies (1739–1821) botanist and Anglican clergyman, became rector of Llandegfan with Beaumaris in 1778.
Charles Allen Duval (1810–1872), portrait painter, photographer, illustrator and writer.
Wayne Hennessey (born 1987), Welsh international footballer, approaching 300 club caps and 106 for Wales.[34]
Hendrik Lek (1903–1985) painter and antique dealer, born in Antwerp, Belgium; lived in retirement in Anglesey.
Richard Llwyd (1752–1835), author, poet and genealogist.
Reginald Wynn Owen (1876–1950) architect, worked for the London and North Western Railway.
Neil Sloane (born 1939), mathematician noted for compiling integer sequences.
Namesakes
Beaumaris, the suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and the small seaside town of Beaumaris in Tasmania, were both named after the town.
Beaumaris, the neighbourhood in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, was named after the castle, as was the village of Beaumaris in Muskoka, Ontario.
In popular culture
In 2018, Netflix used Beaumaris as the fictional seaside town (and in particular the pier) for the series Free Rein.
Beaumaris also featured in the 2021 series of Craig and Bruno's Great British Roadtrips. The series followed Strictly Come Dancing stars Craig Revel Horwood and Bruno Tonioli as they visit various North Wales destinations.
The Isle of Anglesey is a county off the north-west coast of Wales. It is named after the island of Anglesey, which makes up 94% of its area, but also includes Holy Island (Ynys Gybi) and some islets and skerries. The county borders Gwynedd across the Menai Strait to the southeast, and is otherwise surrounded by the Irish Sea. Holyhead is the largest town, and the administrative centre is Llangefni. The county is part of the preserved county of Gwynedd.
The Isle of Anglesey is sparsely populated, with an area of 276 square miles (710 km2) and a population of 68,900. After Holyhead (12,103), the largest settlements are Llangefni (5,500) and Amlwch (3,967). The economy of the county is mostly based on agriculture, energy, and tourism, the latter especially on the coast. Holyhead is also a major ferry port for Dublin, Ireland. The county has the second-highest percentage of Welsh speakers in Wales, at 57.2%, and is considered a heartland of the language.
The island of Anglesey, at 676 square kilometres (261 sq mi), is the largest in Wales and the Irish Sea, and the seventh largest in Britain. The northern and eastern coasts of the island are rugged, and the southern and western coasts are generally gentler; the interior is gently undulating. In the north of the island is Llyn Alaw, a reservoir with an area of 1.4 square miles (4 km2). Holy Island has a similar landscape, with a rugged north and west coast and beaches to the east and south. The county is surrounded by smaller islands; several, including South Stack and Puffin Island, are home to seabird colonies. Large parts of the county's coastline have been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The county has many prehistoric monuments, such as Bryn Celli Ddu burial chamber. In the Middle Ages the area was part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd and native Principality of Wales, and the ruling House of Aberffraw maintained courts (Welsh: llysoedd) at Aberffraw and Rhosyr. After Edward I's conquest of Gwynedd he built the castle at Beaumaris, which forms part of the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd World Heritage Site. The Menai Strait to the mainland is spanned by the Menai Suspension Bridge, designed by Thomas Telford in 1826, and the Britannia Bridge, originally designed by Robert Stephenson in 1850.
The history of the settlement of the local people of Anglesey starts in the Mesolithic period. Anglesey and the UK were uninhabitable until after the previous ice age. It was not until 12,000 years ago that the island of Great Britain became hospitable. The oldest excavated sites on Anglesey include Trwyn Du (Welsh: Black nose) at Aberffraw. The Mesolithic site located at Aberffraw Bay (Porth Terfyn) was buried underneath a Bronze Age 'kerb cairn' which was constructed c. 2,000 BC. The bowl barrow (kerb cairn) covered a material deposited from the early Mesolithic period; the archeological find dates to 7,000 BC. After millennia of hunter-gather civilisation in the British Isles, the first villages were constructed from 4000 BC. Neolithic settlements were built in the form of long houses, on Anglesey is one of the first villages in Wales, it was built at Llanfaethlu. Also an example permanent settlement on Anglesey is of a Bronze Age built burial mound, Bryn Celli Ddu (English: Dark Grove Hill). The mound started as a henge enclosure around 3000 BC and was adapted several times over a millennium.
There are numerous megalithic monuments and menhirs in the county, testifying to the presence of humans in prehistory. Plas Newydd is near one of 28 cromlechs that remain on uplands overlooking the sea. The Welsh Triads claim that the island of Anglesey was once part of the mainland.
After the Neolithic age, the Bronze Age began (c. 2200 BC – 800 BC). Some sites were continually used for thousands of years from original henge enclosures, then during the Iron Age, and also some of these sites were later adapted by Celts into hillforts and finally were in use during the Roman period (c. 100 AD) as roundhouses. Castell Bryn Gwyn (English: White hill castle, also called Bryn Beddau, or the "hill of graves") near Llanidan, Anglesey is an example of a Neolithic site that became a hillfort that was used until the Roman period by the Ordovices, the local tribe who were defeated in battle by a Roman legion (c. 78 AD). Bronze Age monuments were also built throughout the British Isles. During this period, the Mynydd Bach cairn in South-west Anglesey was being used. It is a Beaker period prehistoric funerary monument.
During the Iron Age the Celts built dwellings huts, also known as roundhouses. These were established near the previous settlements. Some huts with walled enclosures were discovered on the banks of the river (Welsh: afon) Gwna near. An example of a well-preserved hut circle is over the Cymyran Strait on Holy Island. The Holyhead Mountain Hut Circles (Welsh: Tŷ Mawr / Cytiau'r Gwyddelod, Big house / "Irishmen's Huts") were inhabited by ancient Celts and were first occupied before the Iron Age, c. 1000 BC. The Anglesey Iron Age began after 500 BC. Archeological research discovered limpet shells which were found from 200 BC on a wall at Tŷ Mawr and Roman-era pottery from the 3rd to 4th centuries AD. Some of these huts were still being used for agricultural purposes as late as the 6th century. The first excavation of Ty Mawr was conducted by William Owen Stanley of Penrhos, Anglesey (son of Baron Stanley of Alderley).
Historically, Anglesey has long been associated with the druids. The Roman conquest of Anglesey began in 60 CE when the Roman general Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, determined to break the power of the druids, attacked the island using his amphibious Batavian contingent as a surprise vanguard assault and then destroyed the shrine and the nemeta (sacred groves). News of Boudica's revolt reached him just after his victory, causing him to withdraw his army before consolidating his conquest. The island was finally brought into the Roman Empire by Gnaeus Julius Agricola, the Roman governor of Britain, in AD 78. During the Roman occupation, the area was notable for the mining of copper. The foundations of Caer Gybi, a fort in Holyhead, are Roman, and the present road from Holyhead to Llanfairpwllgwyngyll was originally a Roman road. The island was grouped by Ptolemy with Ireland ("Hibernia") rather than with Britain ("Albion").
After the Roman departure from Britain in the early 5th century, pirates from Ireland (Picts) colonised Anglesey and the nearby Llŷn Peninsula. In response to this, Cunedda ap Edern, a Gododdin warlord from Scotland, came to the area and began to drive the Irish out. This was continued by his son Einion Yrth ap Cunedda and grandson Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion; the last Irish invaders were finally defeated in battle in 470.
During the 9th century, King Rhodri Mawr unified Wales and separated the country into at least 3 provinces between his sons. He gave Gwynedd to his son, Anarawd ap Rhodri, who founded the medieval Welsh dynasty, The House of Aberffraw on Anglesey, also his other son Cadell founded House of Dinefwr in Deheubarth, and another son, Merfyn ruled Powys (where the House of Mathrafal emerged). The island had a good defensive position, and so Aberffraw became the site of the royal court (Welsh: Llys) of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. Apart from devastating Danish raids in 853 and 968 in Aberffraw, it remained the capital until the 13th, after Rhodri Mawr had moved his family seat from Caernarfon and built a royal palace at Aberffraw in 873. This is when improvements to the English navy made the location indefensible. Anglesey was also briefly the most southerly possession of the Norwegian Empire.[citation needed]
After the Irish, the island was invaded by Vikings — some raids were noted in famous sagas (see Menai Strait History) such as the Jómsvíkinga— and by Saxons, and Normans, before falling to Edward I of England in the 13th century. The connection with the Vikings can be seen in the name of the island. In ancient times it was called "Maenige" and received the name "Ongulsey" or Angelsoen, from where the current name originates.
Anglesey (with Holy Island) is one of the 13 historic counties of Wales. In medieval times, before the conquest of Wales in 1283, Môn often had periods of temporary independence, when frequently bequeathed to the heirs of kings as a sub-kingdom of Gwynedd, an example of this was Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (Llywelyn I, the Great c. 1200s) who was styled the Prince of Aberffraw. After the Norman invasion of Wales was one of the last times this occurred a few years after 1171, after the death of Owain Gwynedd, when the island was inherited by Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd, and between 1246 and about 1255 when it was granted to Owain Goch as his share of the kingdom. After the conquest of Wales by Edward I, Anglesey became a county under the terms of the Statute of Rhuddlan of 1284. Hitherto it had been divided into the cantrefi of Aberffraw, Rhosyr and Cemaes.
During 1294 as a rebellion of the former house of Aberffraw, Prince Madog ap Llywelyn had attacked King Edward I's castles in North Wales. As a direct response, Beaumaris Castle was constructed to control Edward's interests in Anglesey, however, by the 1320s the build was abandoned and never complete. The castle was besieged by Owain Glyndŵr in the early 15th century. It was ruinous by 1609, however, the 6th Viscount Bulkeley had purchased the castle from Crown the in 1807 and it has been open to the public under the guardianship of the Crown ever since 1925.
The Shire Hall in Llangefni was completed in 1899. During the First World War, the Presbyterian minister and celebrity preacher John Williams toured the island as part of an effort to recruit young men as volunteers. The island's location made it ideal for monitoring German U-Boats in the Irish Sea, with half a dozen airships based at Mona. German POWs were kept on the island. By the end of the war, some 1,000 of the island's men had died on active service.
In 1936 the NSPCC opened its first branch on Anglesey.
During the Second World War, Anglesey received Italian POWs. The island was designated a reception zone, and was home to evacuee children from Liverpool and Manchester.
In 1971, a 100,000 ton per annum aluminum smelter was opened by Rio Tinto Zinc Corporation and British Insulated Callender's Cables with Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation as a 30 per cent partner.
In 1974, Anglesey became a district of the new county of Gwynedd. The Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 abolished the 1974 county and the five districts on 1 April 1996, and Anglesey became a separate unitary authority. In 2011, the Welsh Government appointed a panel of commissioners to administer the council, which meant the elected members were not in control. The commissioners remained until an election was held in May 2013, restoring an elected Council. Before the period of direct administration, there had been a majority of independent councillors. Though members did not generally divide along party lines, these were organised into five non-partisan groups on the council, containing a mix of party and independent candidates. The position has been similar since the election, although the Labour Party has formed a governing coalition with the independents.
Brand new council offices were built at Llangefni in the 1990s for the new Isle of Anglesey County Council.
Anglesey is a low-lying island with low hills spaced evenly over the north. The highest six are Holyhead Mountain, 220 metres (720 ft); Mynydd Bodafon, 178 metres (584 ft); Mynydd Llaneilian, 177 metres (581 ft); Mynydd y Garn, 170 metres (560 ft); Bwrdd Arthur, 164 metres (538 ft); and Mynydd Llwydiarth, 158 metres (518 ft). To the south and south-east, the island is divided from the Welsh mainland by the Menai Strait, which at its narrowest point is about 250 metres (270 yd) wide. In all other directions the island is surrounded by the Irish Sea. At 676 km2 (261 sq mi), it is the 52nd largest island of Europe and just five km2 (1.9 sq mi) smaller than the main island of Singapore.
There are a few natural lakes, mostly in the west, such as Llyn Llywenan, the largest on the island, Llyn Coron, and Cors Cerrig y Daran, but rivers are few and small. There are two large water supply reservoirs operated by Welsh Water. These are Llyn Alaw to the north of the island and Llyn Cefni in the centre of the island, which is fed by the headwaters of the Afon Cefni.
The climate is humid (though less so than neighbouring mountainous Gwynedd) and generally equable thanks to the Gulf Stream. The land is of variable quality and has probably lost some fertility. Anglesey has the northernmost olive grove in Europe and presumably in the world.
The coast of the Isle of Anglesey is more populous than the interior. The largest community is Holyhead, which is located on Holy Island and had a population of 12,103 at the 2021 United Kingdom census. It is followed by Amlwch (3,697), Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf (3,085), and Menai Bridge (3,046), all located on the coast of the island of Anglesey. The largest community in the interior of Anglesey is Llangefni (5,500), the county town; the next-largest is Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog (1,711).
Beaumaris (Welsh: Biwmares) in the east features Beaumaris Castle, built by Edward I during his Bastide campaign in North Wales. Beaumaris is a yachting centre, with boats moored in the bay or off Gallows Point. The village of Newborough (Welsh: Niwbwrch), in the south, created when townsfolk of Llanfaes were relocated for the building of Beaumaris Castle, includes the site of Llys Rhosyr, another court of medieval Welsh princes featuring one of the United Kingdom's oldest courtrooms. The centrally localted Llangefni is the island's administrative centre. The town of Menai Bridge (Welsh: Porthaethwy) in the south-east, expanded to accommodate workers and construction when the first bridge to the mainland was being built. Hitherto Porthaethwy had been one of the main ferry ports for the mainland. A short distance from the town lies Bryn Celli Ddu, a Stone Age burial mound.
Nearby is the village with the longest name in Europe, Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch, and Plas Newydd, ancestral home of the Marquesses of Anglesey. The town of Amlwch lies in the north-east of the island and was once largely industrialised, having grown in the 18th century to support a major copper-mining industry at Parys Mountain.
Other settlements include Cemaes, Pentraeth, Gaerwen, Dwyran, Bodedern, Malltraeth and Rhosneigr. The Anglesey Sea Zoo is a local attraction offering looks at local marine wildlife from common lobsters to congers. All fish and crustaceans on display are caught round the island and placed in habitat reconstructions. The zoo also breeds lobsters commercially for food and oysters for pearls, both from local stocks. Sea salt (Halen Môn, from local sea water) is produced in a facility nearby, having formerly been made at the Sea Zoo site.
Landmarks
Anglesey Motor Racing Circuit
Anglesey Sea Zoo near Dwyran
Bays and beaches – Benllech, Cemlyn, Red Wharf, and Rhosneigr
Beaumaris Castle and Gaol
Cribinau – tidal island with 13th-century church
Elin's Tower (Twr Elin) – RSPB reserve and the lighthouse at South Stack (Ynys Lawd) near Holyhead
King Arthur's seat – near Beaumaris
Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, one of the longest place names in the world
Malltraeth – centre for bird life and home of wildlife artist Charles Tunnicliffe
Moelfre – fishing village
Parys Mountain – copper mine dating to the early Bronze Age
Penmon – priory and dovecote
Skerries Lighthouse – at the end of a low piece of submerged land, north-east of Holyhead
Stone Science Museum – privately run fossil museum near Pentraeth
Swtan longhouse and museum – owned by the National Trust and managed by the local community
Working windmill – Llanddeusant
Ynys Llanddwyn (Llanddwyn Island) – tidal island
St Cybi's Church Historic church in Holyhead
Born in Anglesey
Tony Adams – actor (Anglesey, 1940)
Stu Allan – radio and club DJ
John C. Clarke – U.S. state politician (Anglesey, 1831)
Grace Coddington – creative director for US Vogue (Anglesey, 1941)
Charles Allen Duval – artist and writer (Beaumaris, 1810)
Dawn French – actress, writer, comedian (Holyhead, 1957)
Huw Garmon – actor (Anglesey, 1966)
Hugh Griffith – Oscar-winning actor (Marianglas, 1912)
Elen Gwdman – poet (fl. 1609)
Meinir Gwilym – singer and songwriter (Llangristiolus, 1983)
Owain Gwynedd – royal prince (Anglesey, c. 1100)
Hywel Gwynfryn – radio and TV personality (Llangefni, 1942)
Aled Jones – singer and television presenter (Llandegfan, 1970)
John Jones – amateur astronomer (Bryngwyn Bach, Dwyran 1818 – Bangor 1898); a.k.a. Ioan Bryngwyn Bach and Y Seryddwr
William Jones – mathematician (Llanfihangel Tre'r Beirdd, 1675)
Julian Lewis Jones – actor, known for his portrayal of Karl Morris on the Sky 1 comedy Stella (Anglesey, 1968)
John Morris-Jones – grammarian and poet (Llandrygarn, 1864)
Edward Owen – 18th-century artist, notable for letters documenting life in London's art scene
Goronwy Owen – 18th-century poet (Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf, 1723)
Osian Roberts – association football player and manager (Bodffordd)
Tecwyn Roberts – NASA aerospace engineer and Director of Networks at Goddard Space Flight Center (Llanddaniel Fab, 1925)
Hugh Owen Thomas – pioneering orthopaedic surgeon (Anglesey, 1836)
Ifor Owen Thomas – operatic tenor, photographer and artist (Red Wharf Bay, 1892)
Sefnyn – medieval court poet
Owen Tudor – grandfather of Henry Tudor, married the widow of Henry V, which gave the Tudor family a claim on the English throne (Anglesey, c. 1400).
Kyffin Williams – landscape painter (Llangefni, 1918)
William Williams – recipient of the Victoria Cross (Amlwch, 1890)
Andy Whitfield – actor (Amlwch, 1971)
Gareth Williams – employee of Britain's GCHQ signals intelligence agency (Anglesey, 1978)
Conwy Castle is a fortification in Conwy, located in North Wales. It was built by Edward I, during his conquest of Wales, between 1283 and 1287. Constructed as part of a wider project to create the walled town of Conwy, the combined defences cost around £15,000, a huge sum for the period. Over the next few centuries, the castle played an important part in several wars. It withstood the siege of Madog ap Llywelyn in the winter of 1294–95, acted as a temporary haven for Richard II in 1399 and was held for several months by forces loyal to Owain Glyndŵr in 1401.
Following the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, the castle was held by forces loyal to Charles I, holding out until 1646 when it surrendered to the Parliamentary armies. In the aftermath, the castle was partially slighted by Parliament to prevent it being used in any further revolt, and was finally completely ruined in 1665 when its remaining iron and lead was stripped and sold off. Conwy Castle became an attractive destination for painters in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Visitor numbers grew and initial restoration work was carried out in the second half of the 19th century. In the 21st century, the ruined castle is managed by Cadw as a tourist attraction.
UNESCO considers Conwy to be one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe", and it is classed as a World Heritage Site. The rectangular castle is built from local and imported stone and occupies a coastal ridge, originally overlooking an important crossing point over the River Conwy. Divided into an Inner and an Outer Ward, it is defended by eight large towers and two barbicans, with a postern gate leading down to the river, allowing the castle to be resupplied from the sea. It retains the earliest surviving stone machicolations in Britain and what historian Jeremy Ashbee has described as the "best preserved suite of medieval private royal chambers in England and Wales". In keeping with other Edwardian castles in North Wales, the architecture of Conwy has close links to that found in the Kingdom of Savoy during the same period, an influence probably derived from the Savoy origins of the main architect, James of Saint George.
Before the English built the town of Conwy, Aberconwy Abbey, the site was occupied by a Cistercian monastery favoured by the Welsh princes, as well as the location of one of the palaces (called llys) of the Welsh princes. From Conwy: "the oldest structure is part of the town walls, at the southern end of the east side. Here one wall and the tower of a llys [palace/court house] belonging to Llywelyn the Great and his grandson Llywelyn ap Gruffydd have been incorporated into the wall. Built on a rocky outcrop, with an apsidal tower, it is a classic, native, Welsh build and stands out from the rest of the town walls, due to the presence of four window openings. It dates from the early 13th century and is the most complete remnant of any of his Llys."
The location also controlled an important crossing point over the River Conwy between the coastal and inland areas of North Wales, that Deganwy Castle for many years had defended. The kings of England and the Welsh princes had vied for control of the region since the 1070s and the conflict had resumed during the 13th century, leading to Edward I intervening in North Wales for the second time during his reign in 1282.
Edward invaded with a huge army, pushing north from Carmarthen and westwards from Montgomery and Chester. Edward captured Aberconwy in March 1283 and decided that the location would form the centre of a new county: he would relocate the abbey eight miles up the Conwy valley to a new site at Maenan, establishing Maenan Abbey, and build a new English castle and walled town on the monastery's former site. The ruined castle of Deganwy was abandoned and never rebuilt. Edward's plan was a colonial enterprise and placing the new town and walls on top of such a high-status native Welsh site was in part a symbolic act to demonstrate English power.
Work began on cutting the ditch around Conwy Castle within days of Edward's decision. The work was controlled by Sir John Bonvillars and overseen by master mason James of St. George, and the first phase of work between 1283 and 1284 focused on creating the exterior curtain walls and towers. In the second phase, from 1284 and 1286, the interior buildings were erected, while work began on the walls for the neighbouring town. By 1287, the castle was complete. The builders recruited huge numbers of labourers from across England for the task. At each summer building season, the labourers massed at Chester and then walked into Wales. Edward's accountants did not separate the costs of the town walls from that of the castle, but the total cost of the two projects came to around £15,000, a huge sum for the period.
The castle's constable was, by a royal charter of 1284, also the mayor of the new town of Conwy (to this day, the Mayor is ex-officio Constable of the Castle), and oversaw a castle garrison of 30 soldiers, including 15 crossbowmen, supported by a carpenter, chaplain, blacksmith, engineer and a stonemason. The first constable of the castle was Sir William de Cicon who had previously been the first constable of Rhuddlan Castle. In 1294 Madog ap Llywelyn rebelled against English rule. Edward was besieged at Conwy by the Welsh between December and January 1295, supplied only by sea, before forces arrived to relieve him in February. Chronicler Walter of Guisborough suggested that given the austere conditions Edward refused to drink his own private supply of wine, and instead had it shared out amongst the garrison. For some years afterwards, the castle formed the main residence for visiting senior figures, and hosted Edward's son, the future Edward II in 1301 when he visited the region to receive homage from the Welsh leaders.
Conwy Castle was not well maintained during the early 14th century and by 1321 a survey reported it was poorly equipped, with limited stores and suffering from leaking roofs and rotten timbers. These problems persisted until Edward, the Black Prince, took over control of the castle in 1343. Sir John Weston, his chamberlain, conducted repairs, building new stone support arches for the great hall and other parts of the castle. After the death of the Black Prince, however, Conwy fell into neglect again.
At the end of the 14th century, the castle was used as a refuge by Richard II from the forces of his rival, Henry Bolingbroke. On 12 August 1399, after returning from Ireland, Richard made his way to the castle where he met Bolingbroke's emissary, Henry Percy, for negotiations. Percy swore in the chapel he would not harm the king. On 19 August, Richard surrendered to Percy at Flint Castle, promising to abdicate if his life were spared. The king was then taken to London and died later in captivity at Pontefract Castle.
Henry Bolingbroke took the English throne to rule as Henry IV in 1400, but rebellion broke out in North Wales shortly afterwards under the leadership of Owain Glyndŵr. In March 1401, Rhys ap Tudur and his brother Gwilym, cousins of Owain Glyndŵr, undertook a surprise attack on Conwy Castle. Pretending to be carpenters repairing the castle, the two gained entry, killed the two watchmen on duty and took control of the fortress. Welsh rebels then attacked and captured the rest of the walled town. The brothers held out for around three months, before negotiating a surrender; as part of this agreement the pair were given a royal pardon by Henry.
During the War of the Roses between 1455 and 1485, fought by the rival factions of the Lancastrians and the Yorkists, Conwy was reinforced but played little part in the fighting. Henry VIII conducted restoration work in the 1520s and 1530s, during which time the castle was being used as a prison, a depot and as a potential residence for visitors.
Conwy Castle fell into disrepair again by the early 17th century. Charles I sold it to Edward Conway in 1627 for £100, and Edward's son, also called Edward, inherited the ruin in 1631. In 1642 the English Civil War broke out between the Charles' royalist supporters and Parliament. John Williams, the Archbishop of York, took charge of the castle on behalf of the king, and set about repairing and garrisoning it at his own expense. In 1645, Sir John Owen was appointed governor of the castle instead, however, leading to a bitter dispute between the two men. The Archbishop defected to Parliament, the town of Conwy fell in August 1646 and in November General Thomas Mytton finally took the castle itself after a substantial siege. The Trevor family petitioned Mytton for the return of property in the castle that they had lent to the Archbishop.
In the aftermath of the siege, Colonel John Carter was appointed governor of the castle and fresh repairs were carried out. In 1655 the Council of State appointed by Parliament ordered the castle to be slighted, or put beyond military use: the Bakehouse tower was probably deliberately partially pulled down at this time as part of the slighting. With the restoration of Charles II in 1660, Conway was returned to Edward Conway, the Earl of Conway, but five years later Edward decided to strip the remaining iron and lead from the castle and sell it off. The work was completed under the supervision of Edward Conway's overseer William Milward, despite opposition from the leading citizens of Conwy, and turned the castle into a total ruin.
By the end of the 18th century, the ruins were considered picturesque and sublime, attracting visitors and artists, and paintings of the castle were made by Thomas Girtin, Moses Griffith, Julius Caesar Ibbetson, Paul Sandby and J. M. W. Turner. Several bridges were built across the River Conwy linking the town and Llandudno during the 19th century, including a road bridge in 1826 and a rail bridge in 1848. These improved communication links with the castle and further increased tourist numbers. In 1865 Conwy Castle passed from the Holland family, who had leased it from the descendants of the Conways to the civic leadership of Conwy town. Restoration work on the ruins then began, including the reconstruction of the damaged Bakehouse tower. In 1953 the castle was leased to the Ministry of Works and Arnold Taylor undertook a wide range of repairs and extensive research into the castle's history. An additional road bridge was built to the castle in 1958. Already protected as a scheduled monument, in 1986 it was also declared part of the World Heritage Site of the "Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd".
In the 21st century the castle is managed by Cadw as a tourist attraction and 186,897 tourists visited the castle in 2010; a new visitor centre was opened in 2012. The castle requires ongoing maintenance and repairs cost £30,000 over the 2002–03 financial year.
Conwy Castle was twinned with Himeji Castle, Hyogo prefecture, Japan at a formal ceremony in Himeji on 29 October 2019.
Conwy County Borough (Welsh: Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy) is a county borough in the north of Wales. It borders Gwynedd to the west and south and Denbighshire to the east. The largest settlement is Colwyn Bay, and Conwy is the administrative centre.
Conwy has an area of 435 square miles (1,130 km2) and a population of 114,800, making it sparsely populated. The population is concentrated along the coast, along which are several seaside resorts and the county's largest towns: Colwyn Bay (34,284), Llandudno (20,701), and Conwy (14,753). Inland is much less populous, and the only town is Llanrwst (3,323).
The geography of Conwy is shaped by the River Conwy, which forms a wide valley down the western half of the county, bordered by the Denbigh Moors to the east and the mountains of Snowdonia National Park to the west. The River Elwy, a tributary of the Clwyd, drains the eastern half of the moors. The Conwy forms a wide estuary as it reaches the coast, which has by wide, sandy beaches and the limestone headlands of the Great Orme and the Little Orme. The highest peak within the county is Carnedd Llewelyn, at 1,064 metres (3,491 ft), which is on the boundary with Gwynedd and is the third-highest summit in Wales. Around Betws-y-Coed is the Gwydir Forest, which is mainly given over to plantations. There are several reservoirs in the valleys, the largest of which is Llyn Brenig, which has an area of 3.7 square kilometres (1.4 sq mi) and extends into Denbighshire.
The River Conwy, after which the county borough is named, lies wholly within the area: rising in Snowdonia and flowing through Llanrwst and Trefriw en route to the Irish Sea by Conwy. The river here marks the border between the historic counties of Caernarfonshire and Denbighshire.
One third of the land area of the county borough lies in the Snowdonia National Park, and the council appoint three of the 18 members of the Snowdonia National Park Authority. Its total area is 1,126 km2 (435 sq mi), making it slightly larger than Hong Kong. The eastern part includes the larger section of Denbigh Moors.
The vast majority of the population live on the coast; the only settlement of any size inland is Llanrwst.
According to the 2001 census 39.7% of the population of the county borough have "one or more skills" in Welsh. In 2021 census 25.9% reported being able to speak Welsh, which ranks Conwy 5th out of 22 principal areas in Wales. The amount of Welsh spoken in the county borough greatly varies from location to location, with generally the least being spoken on the coastal fringe, in which English is mainly spoken.
The county borough was formed on 1 April 1996 by merging the districts of Aberconwy and Colwyn. It was originally named Aberconwy and Colwyn, but its council renamed the district a day later, on 2 April 1996, to Conwy.
Conwy is represented in the UK Parliament by Conservative Party politicians Robin Millar and David Jones, though the Clwyd West seat also includes part of southern Denbighshire. In the Senedd, it is represented by Conservative Party politicians Janet Finch-Saunders and Darren Millar.
Conwy County Borough Council was granted a coat of arms by the College of Arms in 2001. The new arms recall those of both Aberconwy and Colwyn Borough Councils. The main part of the shield depicts blue and silver waves for the river from which the county borough takes its name, and also recalls the gold and blue wavy field of Colwyn's arms. On top of the waves is placed a symbolic red tower, representing Conwy Castle. The chief or upper third of the shield is coloured green, the main colour in Aberconwy's arms. In the centre of the chief is a severed head from the heraldry of Marchudd ap Cynan, Lord of Abergele and Rhos. On either side are two black spears embrued, or having drops of blood on their points. These come from the reputed arms of Nefydd Hardd, associated with the Nant Conwy area. In front of each spear is a golden garb or wheatsheaf, for the rural areas of the county borough.
Above the shield, placed on the steel helm usual in British civic arms, is the crest. This takes the form of the Welsh red dragon supporting a Bible, rising from a wreath of oak leaves and acorns. The Bible is to commemorate the first Welsh language translation of the book, which originated in the area, while the oak circlet recalls that an oak tree formed the main charge in the arms of Colwyn Borough Council, and its predecessor the municipal borough of Colwyn Bay.
The motto adopted is Tegwch i Bawb, meaning "Fairness to All".
The Conwy Valley Line, from Llandudno Junction to Blaenau Ffestiniog, runs through the borough.
The Topiary Cat has been visiting an old friend at another stately home. www.facebook.com/topiarycat
From the details in the photo album I can be certain that this photo album once belonged to David John Saer who was the Headmaster at the Alexander Rd Council School in Aberystwyth.
He was born in 1868 in Ciffig nr Whitland Carmarthenshire Wales. On the 1911 census this is spelt Kiffig. His mother Anne was also from Ciffig b 1846 and his father James b 1846 was a Police Constable from St Clears Carmarthen. He had two brothers John Saer b1869 in Carmarthen and William Rees Saer b1877 in Llanelli Carmarthen.
David married Mary Howell in 1896
The 1911 census indicates they had had 3 children 1 had died. The 2 girls were Hywela Annie born 1901 and Gwenllian Margaret b 1905
David John Saer was one of 3 Headteachers at the Alexander Rd Council School in Aberystwyth. According to the Ceredigion County Council the school had one for the boys (which was David) one for Girls and one for infants. Alexandra Road School was built in 1874 for 600 children aged 5-14
In 1910 a new block was built for 240 more boys with a manual room for 20 boys and a new class room for 40 girls with a cookery centre.
David taught at the school for 33 years and left behind a legacy in the form of a no of publications inc The Bilingual Problem ... a study based upon Experiments and observations in Wales , Find on Pendinas and Inquiry into effect of bilingualism upon the intelligence of young children. There are many more.
His daughter Hywela obviously followed in the same path and became an Education Lecturer, UCW . She also published books including Modern language teaching in smaller secondary schools,
Modern language teaching in Wales, Note on Dr. Johnson.
Mr Saer was a regular visitor to Llanelli so perhaps hewas aboard the train on this day or the news travelled so quickly that he rushed to the scene to take this photo?
From the Welsh Newspapers Online newspapers.library.wales/home
THE LLANELLY RAILWAY WRECKI Thrilling Stories of the Disaster. LIST OF THE KILLED AND INJURED. The cause of the Breakdown.EXPLODED. H0R3E AND CART THEORY The tale of the dead in the Llanelly railway wreck, concerning which so many conflicting statements were current yesterday afternoon, appears, so far as the official reports to hand this morning show, to be limited to the number which, in our second Pink edition last night, we said would probably cover that side of the catastrophe. On the other hand, the number of injured has increased from the highest figure which we gave yesterday (viz., forty) to fifty. Very little more is known as to the cause of the accident. The horse and cart incident which was reported to us yesterday afternoon appears to have been with- out foundation, and the only suggestion yet made to account for the smash-up is that the banker engine was too light and unfitted for the speed at which the second engine was taking the train. At any rate, whatever the immediate cause the acciident has to be attributed to a mechanical breakdown.
The train which met with the disaster was the morning mail express from New Milford to Paddington, which was drawn by two engines at the time. The express reached Llanelly all right, but just as it was nearing Loughor at a high rate of speed the leading engine seems to have left the rails. By the impact this engine banker was smashed, two of the leading coaches were overturned and tumbled over the embankment, and two coaches were telescoped and reduced to matchwood. The driver of the banker engine was cut in two and killed instantly, the fireman succumbing to his injuries later, and two passengers also were killed, whilst the permanent way was torn up for a considerable distance and traffic interrupted.
Heartrending scenes were witnessed. I INTERVIEWS with PASSENGERS I Graphic Stories Told of the Disaster. By the same train which conveyed the injured to Swansea arrived several Swansea gentlemen who had been in the train to which the accident had occurred. These included Mr. Francis, butcher, a. well-known tradesman; and Mr. Haydn Evans, coal merchant. Mr. Francis was somewhat injured, and showed signs of blood on his body. Mr. Evans said he came up from Llanelly by the train. It was very crowded. He was in a second-class carriage, with his back to the engine, and there happened to be only four persons in the carriage. The train, which had two engines on, had, apparently, reached its top speed-it must have been going 50 miles an hour-when suddenly there came a tremendous. check to the speed. It was as if the train had left the rails, and was ploughing over obstacles on the side of the track. It must have gone 50 yards in the second or two it took to stop. He was pitched violently to the other side of the carriage, and, naturally, lost his head a bit. He never realised what had happened, but the carriage did not turn over like some of the others. As soon as he could he got out, and he should never forget the scene which met his gaze. The cries of the, injured and the yells I of others endeavoring to direct the rescue work were confusing. When the injured were got out it was a sickening sight. There were people with feet and legs, apparently, half off; others had deep gashes in their heads; and one man had a, ear hanging almost off. There were a few splendid fellows in the train. In particular Mr. Evans admired the conduct of two of the soldiers. They did splendid work in smashing doors to l get at the injured, and they evidently I had had good experience of ambulance work. They got down doors and lifted I people from the tops of the carriages. There was a doctor present whom Mr. Evans did not L-now-a. traveller by the train. He rendered splendid help, cutting up towels and all sorts of garments for bandages, and altogether did wonders in an emergency; but it was an awful wait. Aid seemed terribly slow in arriving. He (the narrator) was on the spot, surrounded by agonizing scenes, for quite an hour before they got the engine away.
Dr. Abel David, Gowerton, was the first local doctor to arrive. Mrs. Williams, of Loughor, came immediately to the train, and assisted greatly in the relief work. The train was in an awful state. Three or four carriages seemed to be overturned. The second engine kept to the road, but not the rails. It seemed so far as Mr. Evans could judge to have jumped the line. Mr. Evans escaped with a severe shaking, but he, naturally, appeared to be highly nervous and I excited.
Colonel's Story. I Colonel Graines, of Tenby, who was travel- ling with his daughter, was one of the passengers in the third carriage of the train. He described his first sensations in the accident thus: Everything was being shaken up like a pea in a drum. Things were falling off the tracks, people were staggering about. The glass in the windows all smashed, and then after a big jerk the carriage suddenly became still. We found we had run on to a slag heap at the side of the line. The first two carriages were toppled over on the engines. Someone opened the door from outside, then we got out into a. scene of the greatest I confusion. Some things were very pitiful. There was a poor girl wandering from carriage to carriage asking, Where's my dada; where's my dada?" I and the other people who had been in the same carriage knew that her father was mortally injured, but we could not tell her, and some of the ladies looked after her. She was afterwards taken to Landore by a. man who had two of his own children with him. I very much admired the gallant conduct of some gunners of the Field Artillery who had been riding in the train. Aa soon as the accident occurred they rushed to the assistance of the officials, and were of the greatest service in extricating and attending to the wounded. Do you know what was the cause of the accident?No, I do not, but it is a well- known fact that with two engines to a train one is liable to jump the line. The colonel concluded with a. tribute to the railway officials near the accident for the promptitude with which they dealt with it. He was told that one survivor had suggested I that the company might have sent the relief I train earlier. The company did all they could," he said. "They sent the train as soon as it I was possible to do so."
Cardiff Man's Thrilling Story. I Mr. James Turner, of 12. Corporation-road. Cardiff, was one of the passengers in the m-I fated, train when he reached Cardiff r gave one of our representatives a graphic I description of his experiences. He said: "I was in the fourth carriage from the engine, and we left Llanelly soon after one. Within half a mile of Loughor Station I suddenly felt the carriage give a jump. This was followed by a bigger. jump. Up I sprang from the seat, and said, 'By Jove, there'a. a collision.' Then I felt the carriage was shutting up like a concertina, and with that sprang to the. side and jumped clean through the window and fell about twelve or fourteen feet. As soon as I looked up I saw the carriage go over the line and rush down over the embankment. I got up and heard a terrible yell, 'For God's sake, help me.' Looking round I saw a gentleman. who was afterwards recognized as the Rev. J. E. Phillips, of Pontygwaith, lying under a beam. He had his thigh broken. I caught him by the collar and dragged him out, and thus saved him from immediate, death, for directly afterwards the carriage in which be traveled collapsed. "I got away the best I could, and made the rev. gentleman as comfortable as possible, and he then collapsed. I found that he had also received a severe blow on the head. "During this time there was a dead silence, and those who escaped seemed thoroughly cool. The execution was horrible, and what with those killed and injured the scenes were most heartrending. "No one can conceive," Mr. Turner ex- claimed, "the state the wreckage was in- some of it one side, some of it another. The whole line was blocked, and the line was ripped up for about 150 yards. There were a number of poor fellows under the wreckage- it was a crowded train and I saw the engine- driver lying dead, with his body jammed in the remains of the engine."
Scene Baffled Description. I A thrilling account of the accident was given by Mr. Richard Smith, who was on his way from Pembroke Dock to Wednesbury, in Staffordshire. Mr. Smith has served five year& on the pay-staff in South Africa, and has only recently returned to this country. Since his return he has been staying at Pembroke Dock, where his wife is now residing, and, being granted leave of absence, was on his I way to see his mother, who resides in King- street, Wednesbury. Mr. Smith was accompanied by his two children, a boy and girl. "The run from Pembroke to Llanelly," he said to our representative. was a splendid one. We had two engines, and the train. which had a. full complement of passengers, made excellent time. I was in the second carriage from the engine. It was a saloon carriage, and in my compartment were four ladies, my two children, and my- self. We started from Llanelly punctually, and had not proceeded far before we heard a most peculiar grating noise. At first we could not imagine the cause, and for a moment the noise ceased. A minute later, however, the noise was resumed, and the carriage in which we were travelling turned over on its side. 'A collision,* shouted someone in the carriage, and immediately there were scenes which it is impossible for me to adequately describe. The women in my compartment simply lost their heads. They shouted in a hysterical fashion, and implored everyone at random to save them from death. "Personally," continued Mr. Smith, "I quickly grasped what had happened. Seeing the carriage was on its side I smashed the windows, which were then above me, lifted out my two children, and placed them in positions of safety, and then turned my attention. to the women occupants in the same compartment. With difficulty they were got out on to the permanent way. Here the scenes almost bamed description. One man, who was in the same carriage as I was, sustained shocking injuries, and I guessed when I assisted him out of the window that he was mortally hurt. I understand that he died shortly afterwards. A little girl came I running along from carriage to carriage, crying, 'Where's my daddy ? Where's my daddy?' It was the dying man who was sought .by the little one. We pacified the girl as well as we co-aid, and, at the request of the railway authorities, I took charge of her until she reached Landore, whither she was bound. A woman in the same compartment bound for Devonport, suffered very badly from shock, but after a time was able to proceed on her journey as far as Cardiff. Another woman was cut about in a fearful manner. My two children sustained more or less serious injuries, and, as you will see, I was badly cut on my right hand and bruised on my head. The sights of rescue, the groans of the wounded, and the removal of the bodies are scenes which I shall never forget. I should like to add a word of praise to the medical gentlemen, who were simply indefatigable in their efforts on behalf of the injured." A Fearful Sight. I Our Neath representative says that a Neath I man, an employee of the Great Western Railway Company, was iu the train, and his experiences are interesting. Beinj an old railway hand and having been in nine previous railway accidents, I knew instantly that something serious had happened; in fact, that some part of the train was off the line. We went on for about 80 to 100 yards and then the final crash came. The end of our compartment was stove in with the terrible impact. The gentleman opposite me had his arm broken, and the other gentleman was severely shaken. I was knocked about and badly shaken, but, singularly enough, the lady and the child did not seem much the worse. "My first thoughts were for them. There was no chance of getting them out through either door, so I assisted them out through the roof, which was shattered, on to the roof of the next coach, and then to the ground." "What was the condition of the engines and I the coaches?" our representative asked. "Well, the bank engine was shattered and turned upside down, and the driver, whose name, I think, was Lloyd, was killed on the spot. Poor fellow! I searched for the body, ¡ and found his head among the debris of the l first engine in one place, the trunk in another, and the arms in another. It was a fearful sight. The stoker, whose name I don't know. was terribly injured, and I hear that he has died since." "Oh, you asked me as to the condition of the engines and the coaches. In regard to the second engine it was virtually shattered. The van following was reduced practically to matchwood, and from this we improvised the splints for the injured. The first coach was turned upside down, and the third had its end telescoped, and had fallen down over the I bank." "The end of the third coach was also telescoped, and the back part stove in. I was in this coach, and I have already told you what happened to the occupants. Nos. 4 and A coaches suffered severely, but ia p6 lesser degree, and the sixth and last coach was the only one which was left on the rails. The occupants of all suffered from severe shock, and when I left the actual number of casualties was not known." "What theory can you advance to account for the accident?" our representative asked. "It has been said that the bank engine collided with a horse and cart when passing the crossing." "There is no truth whatever in that, for we had parsed the crossing some distance before the accident happened." "Then what caused it?" "I cannot account for it. I have tried to account for the accident, but have failed."
Passengers Terror-Stricken Speaking to our representative, Mr. Wilkins (chairman of the Llanelly Urban District Council), who was a passenger by the train, said, that he could give, no explauation of what had occurred. That was for the rail- way authorities to do. All that he knew was that when the train was rattling along at a good speed he felt a sadden shock, and a moment later he knew that the train had left the track and was crushing through the slags on the embankment. He was thrown from his seat, and some flying timber crushed his leg. But this was. not serious. He added that the scene which presented itself to him as he got out of the train was one that he would never forget. The passengers, like himself, were all terror-stricken, and the plight of the ladies was pitiable in the extreme. He spoke in high terms of the kindness of the railway officials, and could not find words to express his appreciation of the splendid work done by the medic.at men, w.ho rose to the terrible emergency in a way that was splendid to see. Occupants of the First Carriage Interviewed. Our Swansea representative met and con- versed with several persons at Swansea who were in the very first carriage of the train- one which split up like matchwood and went down the embankment at the side. In a compartment in this carriage were Miss Church- ward, of Woking, Surrey, who had been staying with her sister, Mrs. Saunders, wife of Dr. Saunders, in Pembrokeshire. Also two little orphap. girls, Muriel and Dorothy Claxton, of Crawley, Sussex. They had been staying at Tenby, and were proceeding homewards. Mr. T. Francis,, cattle dealer, of Swansea, was in the same carriage, but in the next compartment. They had marvelous escapes, for all except the elder Miss Claxton (who sustained a fractured clavicle) were practically uninjured. Mr. Francis was seen by our representative after he had gone home and washed the blood from some nasty little cuts on the left side of his head and face. He asked where the little girls were, as he promised to take them to his home. in Swan- sea, and supply them with what they wanted for their journey, but he had lost them. "It was a terrible affair," said Mr. Francis. "Our carriage was smashed to pieces. After we felt the first bump we must have gone rocking and bumping along for nearly 100yds., during which time we were falling against and bumping each other fearfully. Then, apparently, the couplings of our carriage must have broken. The second engine went off the line to the right, and our carriage and the next one went on, as it were, into the place the second engine had occupied, and lay there side by side. I got up from where I had fallen^ and scrambled, through the. window, which was above that of the carriage next to it. I had to climb over the next carriage. The hot steam from the engine had filled our carriage, and at the same time there were flying cinders and splinters showered upon us, cutting, as it were, into our scalps. I got out, as I say, and I must say it was a terrible sight that met my gaze. The injured people seemed in terrible agony, and what the railway people were doing for about, an hour and a half after the accident I cannot make out. It was a scandalous shame." Miss Churchward and the two little Misses Claxton were taken to the Swansea Hospital by Superintendent Gill, and were not detained. They afterwards went to the Grand Hotel. Miss Churchward said the carriage seemed to go to splinters around them, and then there were splinters of wood driven against their heads. She escaped from the carriage without further injury. She lost her purse and some other things. The two Misses Claxton, girls of about sixteen and ten years of age respectively, seemed quite cheerful considering the experiences they had undergone. They were hatless, and their clothing was covered with dirt. The elder had been treated at the hospital, and her arm was- now bound up inside her coat. They intended proceeding to. London by the next train. Miss Claxton the elder said the whole thing occurred so suddenly that none of them could say really what happened. Her arm was hurt, but whether by being thrown against the woodwork of the carriage she could not say. The smaller Miss Claxton seemed none the worse, and seemed to treat the matter as a huge joke. "You are light, and you didn't fesl being; thrown about?" "That's it, I suppose," she said, laughingly, j "I've never been in a railway accident uetore. It was a nice finish to our holiday." Later on the girls were seen going to the station at Swansea without any hats, but still full of pluck and go. Miss Churchward had taken them under her charge. SENSATIONAL ACCOUNT. The Rev. Fuller Mills' Story. me nev. A. Fuller Mills, when seen by our Carmarthen representative at the hospital, was evidently in great agony. His leg had been fractured and terribly lacerated below the knee. He had just been visited by Dr. E. G. Price, Carmarthen, and seemed quite pleased to see another familiar face. He said he could not then attempt to describe what happened. "It was too terrible," he said. "I was on the grass for a. very long time without assistance, and my poor leg was in pieces. I am very thankful that it was not worse, though." "Can you see my coat?" asked Mr. Mills, who was lying in the cot. Our representative made a search under the bed, where he found the patient's clothes care- fully packed together. They were covered with blood, and torn. He wanted to know whether papers about which he was anxious were in his pocket. These were missing, and Mr. Mills remarked: "Ah! well, they have gone, I suppose, like my bag and other things. I don't know where they can be. The whole thing has been too terrible to think of." Screams and Crash of Glass The Misses Farley, of Tenby, who were passengers by the ill-fated train, were seen on Monday evening at Pantmawr, Whit- church, the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Davies, who are related to them, and with whom they are making a short stay, having specially traveled up from Tenby for that purpose. The young ladies were naturally much perturbed, although they were able to give an intelligent account of their experience and miraculous escape. They started from Tenby by the 10.55 train. They were seen off at the station by their friends. Miss Farley, sen., wished to ride in the compartment of a corridor carriage three or four carriages from the engine, but her younger sister and her friends prevailed upon her to get into a compartment at the lower end of the same carriage. The carriage being a through one they did not change at Whitland. In the same compartment were seven or eight other passengers. Everything went well until a short time after they left Llanelly, when they heard a noise, and the luggage was suddenly precipitated upon them. They naturally became alarmed, and soon after they could hear screams and the crash of broken glass. All the passengers in the compartment had by this time become alarmed and agitated. The Misses Farley j made an appeal for the door to be opened, but they were asked to becalm themselves Then the two girls clutched each other. thinking that if they were to die they would die together. A student who was in the same compartment got through the window and jumped down. Then a voice and a cry was heard as if it came from the top of the carriage, and on looking up they could see Colonel Goodeve, of Ivy Tower, Tenby, and a woman with a small baby walking above their heads. Evidently the colonel and the woman with the child had scrambled on to the top of the coach for safety. The little child had a nasty cut on its head. Eventually the Misses Farley were released from their prison and taken down the embankment, where they were told to sit. Every attention was shown to them by the officials, and they were given some brandy, as were the others who had escaped death. The front part of the carriage in which they traveled was smashed, and if the elder Miss Farley had not fallen in with the wishes of her sister and friends to ride in the compartment at the lower end of the carriage there is no doubt they would have been killed. One poor woman, said the elder Miss Farley, who was in the lavatory in the carriage at the time of the accident, had her foot cut off, while Dr. Reid, of Tenby, sustained a nasty cut on the head. She herself was all right, with the exception that her shoulder was slightly hurt by the luggage falling upon it. Asked to describe the scene, Miss Farley said it was impossible. She never witnessed such a thing-women with their arms through their blouses cut and bleeding; men cut on the face and head, with their clothes and shirts saturated with blood, and, above all, the cries and groans of those who had been more severely injured, and of those who were dying. "Ah!" she said, in conclusion, "the scene is one I cannot describe. and is one which I trust..it will not be . I have to thank my sister and my friends for my life. If we traveled in the compartment into which I first entered we should both have been killed." A Terrible Sight. Mr. Samuel, an articled pupil to a. firm of surveyors and architects, gave our Llanelly representative a graphic account of the occurrence
I was standing in a corridor of the express with Mr. Wade when all of a sudden the train dropped on to the permanent way from the metals. It crunched along for a few yards, and then came to a sudden standstill. All who were in the corridor were thrown to the ground. Our compartment threatened to topple over on its side, and as soon as I recovered myself I got out and found a terrible scene. The first engine had turned completely round, and was a mass of ruin, while the coaches had been crushed to pieces. The Montreal was off the metals, but it stood fairly entire, but its tender was a shapeless mass. We found the body of the driver of the banker engine under the wheels of the express engine, death having been, happily, instantaneous in his case. The lot of the passengers was pitiable in the extreme, and I could not help feeling sorry for the ladies, some of whom were in the last stage of prostration, although they had not sustained any bodily hurt. I was carrying with me some of my instruments, including a drawing board, rulers, scales, &c. These were promptly utilized as splints for the service of the injured ones, and I was glad that they should come in useful in such an emergency." "The Shock was Awful."
Another passenger, Miss Williams, of Carmarthen, said: was on my way to London. We were about half a mile out of Loughor, when all of a sudden we found our- selves hurled right across the carriage. Then we heard cries from all parts of tue train. Our own carriage was about the third from the engine, and as soon as the crash occurred we found the carriage swaying and leaping under us, as though we were on a ship. We were not hurt, but the shock was awful. The worst part of it was the agonising cries of the injured. The poor engine-driver was cut up into three pieces, and there were others whose limbs were badly shattered and mutilated. I could not say how many people were killed. The ground was torn up for a long distance, and the first engine appeared to be smashed to pieces. It was a scene I shall never forget. The screams of the injured passengers are still ringing in my ears. It was horrible. We were brought on by a special train, which was dispatched to the scene."
GRAPHIC STORY BY COLONEL GOODEVE. Touching Tribute to a Young Lady. One of the travelers by the train was Colonel Goodeve, who will be remembered by artillerymen, Regular and Auxiliary, in South Wales as having been for some years the officer commanding the Severn Defences. In that position he frequently visited Cardiff, and was on very friendly terms with the late Sir Edward Hill, K.C.B., M.P. Having retirêd i from the Army, he now lives at Ivy Tower, about three miles from Tenby, and was on a. journey to London when the accident happened. It was in the Royal Hotel, at Cardiff, that one of our reporters found him. He said:- "We left Llanelly about two minutes after one o'clock on Monday afternoon. About twenty minutes later we found that some- thing had gone wrong. The carriage in which I was, a corridor one, began to rock violently, and the passengers were hurled about in all directions. It was clear that the carriage had left the track." "What part of the train were you in?" "There were two engines, one, I under- stand being a bank engine, and the carriage in which I was was next to that engine." "Well, what happened next?" "After we got about 50 or 60 yards we found that we were brought to a dead stop on the side of an embankment, and almost parallel with the engine, but about ten feet lower. It appears to me that the couplings must have broken, and ours was pitched head foremost against a bank at the bottom of a rising hill. This brought us to a dead stop, and the whole front of the carriage in which I was riding was smashed up. The fore part of my own compartment was wrecked, but the damage did not reach the side upon which I was sitting. Then I saw on a still lower level, opposite to the compartment in which I was, another carriage, which had turned over partly on its side. just at that moment there was a rush of steam which almost blinded us, and the women who were in our carriage commenced to scream. Every effort was made to allay their fears, and when the steam cleared away a little we could see that we could get out of the window, and get upon the carriage which had turned over just below us. We saw that the women were removed first, nearly all of whom were more or less injured, but so far as I could see not fatally so." "I suppose that the excitement at this time was very great?" suggested the pressman. "It was," came the reply, "but it was nothing to what we had to experience later. One or two of those who had sustained the more severe injuries, such as broken limbs, were left behind until further help could be obtained. They were safe for the time, and we might have done more harm in attempting to remove them than by allowing them to remain. "How many were in your compartment?" "Seven or eight." "You seemed to have had a marvelous escape?" "Yes, I only had a Blight cut across the nose. Most of the others were bleeding badly, gome from the head, while others evidently had received bodily injuries." "Now, I understand you got out from your carriage on to the other which was on a lower level, and which had partly turned over?" "Several got out in that way, myself among the number. The more agile ones climbed down the embankment, but I waited until some steps were brought. A friend of mine, I may mention, was riding in the same train â Dr. Reid, of Tenby. He was a good bit cut about the head, and went away somewhere. He was in the next compartment to me towards the rear, but the train being of the corridor description, we walked to and fro." "Now, I am afraid, we are coming to the worst of it. What took place when you got clear from the wrecked carriages?" "Yes, you are right. It was, indeed, a terrible scene. What with the hysteria of the women and the groans of the dying it was a scene which was to the last degree saddening. One man, who was in the same carriage as myself, only lived five or six minutes after he was brought out. As a matter of fact, he never spoke after he was brought out. He appeared to be smashed up altogether, so that it was impossible for me to say what his injuries were. So far as I could gather, most of the killed were in the first coaches." How many coaches were there on the train?" "I believe the number was eight. The two first ran down the embankment, three turned turtle,' and three remained on the rails. My opinion is that the first engine was' stopped as quickly as possible for some reason; that the second, with the weight of the load behind, was smashed up in a. most marvelous way, and the two first carriages broke away. My idea is that the whole thing was due to a subsidence in the track." "Now, what assistance was there?" "In that respect the passengers were rather unfortunate. Loughor is a little place, and it was an hour before any help came from there, and it was an hour and a haJf before any assistance came from Swansea . There was a doctor there, who rendered ail assistance he could but he could not attend to all." I A Brave Girl. Our reporter had thanked Colonel Goodeve for his information and left the room, when he was called back to receive one of the most interesting parts of the sad story. I should have told you," said the colonel, that all the passengers rendered every possible assistance. Among those was a fair-haired girl, who, badly hurt herself, did all she could to bring comfort to others. She remembered that she had some brandy in a small travelling-bag, and brought it out. and went round among the more severely wounded giving them mouthfuls of the liquid until the doctors arrived." Colonel Goodeve added that he saw the driver of one of the engines with his head across the rail and a wheel upon his neck. That, he added, was sufficient to unnerve anybody. The rails were torn up, and the end of one section was about 18ft. above the permanent way. I SINGULAR INCIDENTS. I Heroism of the Injured. The list of the injured includes the name of a man who had his two legs injured and an arm fractured. He was brought down to Llanelly in a special train, but instead of going to the hospital he chose to return to his home in Swansea-, and accommodation was, therefore, provided for him in the branch train from Llanelly. In spite of his terrible injuries, he was perfectly composed, I and the last seen of him was his calmly smoking a, cigarette as the train steamed out. Scenes at Llanelly Station. The scene at the Llanelly Station on Monday, evening upon the arrival of the train conveying the injured passengers was most pathetic. There was a crowd of anxious lookers-on 'who had relatives in the ill-fated train. No information could be given as to the identity of the sufferers, and a period of anxious suspense followed, as each of them was care- fully removed to a conveyance in waiting and driven to the hospital. Llanelly was practically denuded of the services of its medical men. Among those who were quickly on the scene were Doctors D. J. Williams, S. Williams, A. Brookes, S. J. Roderick, J. L. Davies, Edgar Davies, E. Evans, and Harry Roberts. All these were in the evening in attendance at the hospital completing the good work they had commenced in the afternoon. Passenger's Strange Delusion. A young man, gesticulating amongst the crowd of spectators, declared that he had seen a boot with a foot inside by the embankment. A search was immediately made for the supposed body. The man seemed to be terribly in earnest about his discovery, but the searchers found no trace of what he had imagined. This was one of many incidents which went to show how highly strung the frightened passengers were after their terrible experience. Providential Escape. Among those who traveled by the express was Vr. M'Bride, who entered the train at Tenby, He had intended going to Swansea, but upon arriving at Llanelly he decided to break his journey there and go on by a later train. He was sitting in a smoking compartment in the forward part of the train which was completely' wrecked, and turned over OIl the embankment, all the occupants of the compartment being severely injured. Mr. M'Bride looks upon his escape as provident. Policeman and the Little Girl. One very pathetic incident is recorded by Police-constable Williams, of Loughor. He was one of the first police officers to arrive on the scene of the catastrophe, and, having r studied ambulance work, he asked Dr. Trafford Mitchell (Gorseinon) whether he could render any assistance. "Yes," replied Dr. Mitchell, "there is a little girl over there with a, broken arm. Go and see what you can do for her." Williams went over. The little girl was pale, crying in great pain. She told him that her arm was extremely painful. Williams went off to find splints and bandages, and after a few minutes he went back to the little girl. But his charge had vanished. She had been., hurried off to either Llanelly or Swansea, Hospital. Sympathy from Llanelly. At the meeting of the Llanelly Borough. Council on Monday the Chairman, Mr. D. J. Davies, said that he had just heard that a serious disaster had occurred on the Great. Western Railway near Llanelly, and that a large number of persons had been seriously injured, if not killed. It was impossible to ascertain exactly what had occurred, but they could well understand the anxiety that prevailed in the town, knowing as they did that a large number of Llanellyites were in the train. He was glad to state that one of the members of the council, in the person of Mr. W. Wilkins, who was a passenger, had escaped without injury. Their deepest sympathy went out to the relatives of the men who had been killed, and he proposed a vote of sympathy with them in their bereavement. This was seconded by Mr. D. Bees Edmonds,, and carried in silence. The news of the disaster was officially communicated by the local branch of the Bail- waymen's Association to Mr. D. Bees Edmonds, their Llanelly legal representative. Mr., Edmonds at once placed himself in communication with Mr. Richard Bell, M.P. It is expected that Mr. Bell will visit the scene to-' day (Tuesday). Heroic Suflerer at Swansea. A heroic sufferer was Private Savage, of that Shropshire Regiment, who, although found at, Swansea Hospital to have shocking injuries to the head which made his case a serious one, when the doctors came to look at him. on the platform, said, Never mind me, boys; go and assist the others. I'm all right." He limped away to the cab which. took him to the hospital. Soldiers' Good Work. Some seven or eight of the soldiers belonging to different regiments, who traveled by the train, were among the most heroic workers of & very heroic band. They proved themselves veritable "handy-men." Whether in removing the wreckage from its resting- place upon some poor unfortunate sufferer. or in conveying the wounded to the special trains for conveyance to the hospitals, they were equally energetic. A Guardsman who had two medals on his breast was very prominent among the soldier workers, and another ma-n with four medals worked like a Trojan. as indeed did all the gallant members of the, Army, one of whose number was among the injured. The splendid services rendered by the soldiers was one of the bright features of a terribly tragic affair. No Money for Telegrams. Two little girls travelling together to London dictated to Mr. Pugh, of the Y, a wire to relatives. Desiring to pay for it they searched for their purses, but found they were lost beneath the debris. Miss Churchward, of Pembroke, found her- self in similar trouble from which, however, she was at once relieved by Mr. Pugh, who dispatched the telegrams by special messengers. A little girl, named Finn, travelling to Cadoxton with her father, escaped injury herself, but her parent was badly hurt, and the grief of the child was heartrending. The farmers, colliers, and cottagers of the neighborhood treated the strangers with kindness.